How are sweat spots formed?

Abstract: Sweat spot is a skin disease infected by bacteria. How are sweat spots formed? Sweat spots are generally high in hot and humid seasons. When people sweat a lot and are not cleaned in time, it is easy to cause sweat spots. So, how to treat sweat spots? In order to help better treat sweat spots, here's a detailed understanding of the symptoms, causes, treatment, prevention and diet attention of sweat spots. Pityriasis versicolor, formerly known as tinea versicolor, commonly known as perspiration spot, is a superficial fungal disease caused by malassezia infecting the cuticle of epidermis. The disease is chronic, with mild inflammation and usually no conscious symptoms. The damage is characterized by scattered or fused hypopigmentation or pigmentation spots with chaff-like desquamation, which usually occurs in the chest, back, upper arm, armpit and sometimes the face.

how did the sweat spot form? The pathogenic bacteria is a kind of lipophilic yeast called Malassezia. This kind of fungi is saprophytic bacteria of normal skin. Only under some special circumstances, such as high temperature and humidity, local fat and sweating, poor sanitary conditions, etc., the parasitic density of pityrosporum increases, and the saprophytic yeast can be transformed into mycelium type to cause disease. This bacterium only invades the superficial layer of stratum corneum and does not cause inflammatory reaction of skin dermis.

(1) Hyperhidrosis leads to the formation of sweat spots

In the hot and humid season, people are prone to sweat. If we don't take a bath and change clothes in time, it will give a good living environment for the pathogen of sweat spots, and the density of dermatophytes will increase, thus generating sweat spots.

(2) Heritability leads to the formation of sweat spots

Sweat spots are also hereditary, and if they have a positive family history, they belong to polygenic inheritance. But like this kind of hereditary sweat spot, you can take precautions in summer, change clothes frequently and take more baths.

(3) Taking glucocorticoids leads to the formation of sweat spots

Only after taking glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants all over the body for a long time can the pathogen change from saprophytic yeast type to pathogenic mycelium type, and it will also cause the formation of sweat spots. This situation can be stopped, or you can choose to change your medication.

(4) ultraviolet radiation causes sweat spots

ultraviolet radiation can also cause sweat spots. When the skin is strongly irradiated by ultraviolet rays, the epidermis of the skin will produce melanin to protect the sunburned skin, so there will be spots on the skin. When the metabolism of the skin is blocked, or the damage of ultraviolet rays is too great, melanin can not be completely excreted in time, thus causing sweat spots.

The symptoms of sweat spots begin as tiny spots, and patients often unconsciously develop into round or quasi-round spots about the size of millet, soybeans and broad beans, with clear edges, which are even with the skin or slightly raised, and the surface is covered with extremely thin chaff-like scales, which are shiny. Especially when viewed from the light side, the surface of the skin lesions is highly reflective, and the new skin lesions are dark, gray, yellow, brown or light brown.

Some patients' lesions are distributed along the hair follicle, which are similar to hair follicle papules, flat and slightly higher than the skin surface, covered with scales, with strong reflectivity. A few patients' lesions are patchy, with a small number of only one to several pieces, but the area is large, with thick scales on the surface, mostly dark brown or brown, and a few are light spots. Sometimes the skin lesions are so large that they are mistaken for normal skin.

In general, patients with sweat spots can rarely find them by themselves, but most patients will have redness and itching at first, and the illness will last longer, usually disappearing in cold season and reappearing in hot season.

The manifestations of tinea versicolor on children's skin are different from those of adults. The author has observed 21 cases of tinea versicolor in children, ranging from the youngest of 2.5 months to the oldest of 12 years old, with 17 people within one year old, half male and half female. The lesions are white spots with clear edges, with a diameter of 1 ~ 5 mm and covered with extremely fine scales, ranging from 3 ~ 4 to many dense parts. Eyebrow region, brow, forehead and temples are the most common and concentrated, and other parts such as cheek, zygomatic region, mandible, ear, neck and upper back can be distributed, but the number is small, among which 19 lesions are located between eyebrows and eyebrows, 1 on temples, 8 on forehead, 2 on neck, 1 before ear, 1 on mandible and upper back, and the lesions are often distributed in many places at the same time.

At first, the clinical manifestations of ecchymosis are round spots around the pores, and then gradually increase to the size of the nail plate, with clear edges. Adjacent parts can merge into irregular large pieces, and new spots appear around them. The surface is attached with a small amount of chaff-like scales that are easy to peel off, ranging from gray, brown to yellow-brown, and sometimes there are many colors, such as spots. For a long time, it showed light spots. Rash has no inflammatory reaction, with occasional mild itching. Skin lesions usually occur in the chest and back, and can also involve the neck, face, armpit, abdomen, shoulders and upper arms, which are generally more common in young men. The course of the disease is chronic, and the rash decreases or disappears in winter, but it can recur in summer.

Sweat spots are common in chest, back, arms and neck, others are face, abdomen, buttocks, armpits, groin and scalp.

Will sweat spots be inherited? Sweat spots are genetically susceptible, which means that if there are patients with sweat spots at home, besides the patients themselves, their families should take extra precautions against the occurrence of the disease in summer.

are sweat spots contagious? sweat spots are generally not contagious.

it depends on whether the bacteria that cause sweat spots are contagious. Sweat spot is a superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by malassezia infection. The pathogenic bacteria of tinea versicolor are saprophytic bacteria of normal skin, which are not contagious by themselves.

Although tinea versicolor is a fungal skin disease, it is not contagious. There are pathogenic bacteria on human skin, but it does not necessarily cause the disease. It will only happen if it encounters the triggering factors, such as high temperature and humidity, local sweating and poor personal hygiene. At this time, the parasitic density of pathogenic bacteria increases, which will cause the disease.

the difference between ecchymosis and leukoplakia (1) symptoms of ecchymosis:

color: yellow-brown in spring and summer, and pale white in autumn and winter.

shape: round or oval, with blurred edges and fine scales on the surface.

location: prone to chest and back, neck, armpit and scapula, and prone to sweating.

Sensory: no pain, slightly itchy.

(2) Symptoms of vitiligo

Color: grayish white, milky white or porcelain white.

shape: white spots vary in size and shape, most of them are nails and coins, round, oval or irregular, which can be expanded and merged into irregular large pieces.

location: it can appear in any part of the body, and it is easy to appear in exposed parts of the body, such as face, hands and neck.

senses: no pain, no itching, no dandruff.

(3) Clinical investigation shows that

the probability that leukoplakia is vitiligo is 7%, but the probability of perspiration is 22%, and vitiligo will spread, inherit and do more harm.

treatment of ecchymosis and examination of ecchymosis (1) Direct microscopic examination

Scrape scales and add 1%KOH solution for direct microscopic examination, and short, thick, round at both ends and slightly curved hyphae are found. Generally, it is 1 ~ 4μ m long and 2.5 ~ 4.μ m wide. There are piles of round or oval thick-walled spores with a diameter of 3 ~ 8 μ m. Sometimes there are spores. Direct positive microscopic examination can confirm the diagnosis.

(2) Culture

Add 1 ~ 2ml olive oil or other vegetable oil to the surface of Sabouraud agar or other conventional culture medium, inoculate scales, and then culture at 37℃. After 3 days, cream-colored yeast-like colonies will grow. Microscopic examination showed that yeast-like cells were dominant and sprouted. Culture is generally not used as a routine for diagnosis.

(3) Wu's lamp examination

Wu's lamp examination showed that tinea versicolor lesions and scraped scales had golden fluorescence.

Other auxiliary examinations:

(4) Histopathology

Mild to moderate epidermal keratinocyte hyperplasia. There may be a small amount of monocyte infiltration in the dermis. Short, thick, slightly curved, sausage-like hyphae and piles of round or oval thick-walled spores can be found in the middle or bottom of the stratum corneum, and some can sprout. PAS and GMS staining were more clear.

according to its clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of ecchymosis shows that hypopigmentation or pigmented patches distributed in the chest, back, armpit and upper arm are scattered or fused, and there is chaff-like desquamation on them, and the dander is directly smeared with 1% potassium hydroxide solution to find curved or arc-shaped hyphae or round spores, so the diagnosis of this disease is not difficult. Sometimes skin lesions show yellow fluorescence under filtered ultraviolet lamp, which is more helpful for diagnosis.

(1) The rash occurred in the chest, back, waist and abdomen, armpit, neck and shoulders. There are more men than women.

(2) At first, the lesion was a round punctate macula around the pore, and then it gradually increased to the size of the nail plate, with clear edges, and the adjacent parts could merge into irregular large pieces, and new macula appeared around it. The surface is attached with a small amount of chaff-like scales that are easy to peel off, ranging from gray, brown to yellow-brown, and sometimes there are many colors, such as spots. For a long time, it showed light spots.

(3) Patients with ecchymosis don't feel any pain for a while, but will suffer from excessive sweating and itchy skin.

To differentiate this disease from vitiligo, anemic nevus, pityriasis rosea and tinea rubrum, etc.

how to remove sweat spots (1) Chinese medicine bathing. Chinese medicine bath has the effect of preventing sweat spots. Usually, mugwort leaves, salt, vinegar, chrysanthemum and mint are boiled together to take a bath, which can prevent sweat spots. Once a week, you can relieve and treat sweat spots.

(2) Apply with external medicine. Because sweat spots are difficult to cure and easy to recur, it is necessary to use drugs intermittently to ensure the eradication of sweat spots. Sometimes you can also use detergent to clean your body and then apply it locally to improve the effect of the medicine.

(3) Prepare some peeled garlic, mash the garlic, wrap it in gauze, and dip a certain amount of vinegar on the part with sweat spots, which will cause slight fever and tingling when rubbed. Guarantee it three times a day, and stick to it for 5-7 days to have an effect.

(4) Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, and eat less or no spicy food to avoid aggravating the growth of sweat spots.

(5) Keep the living environment clean and comfortable, and ensure indoor ventilation and dryness.

(6) Keep your body clean and hygienic at all times.

what medicine should be used to wipe the sweat spots? (1)2%-4% sodium thiosulfate solution is applied externally, and then it is repeatedly applied with 2% dilute hydrochloric acid solution once a day, often for 4-6 weeks. When there is no dilute hydrochloric acid, rice vinegar is used instead.

(2)1% clotrimazole cream, econazole emulsion, 1% miconazole emulsion, etc.

(3) Tinea tincture can also be used, such as 1% salicylic acid plus vinyl acid tincture for external application.

(4) ketoconazole is taken orally, 2mg once a day after meals. Take it for 1 days in a row, and pay attention to those who have liver function damage. Itraconazole can also be taken orally once a day, 2 mg each time, after meals or during meals for one week.

remedies for ecchymosis (1) ecchymosis powder

3 grams of cuttlefish bone, 3 grams of sulfur, 15 grams of Sichuan pepper and 15 grams of * * * are ground into fine powder for later use.

efficacy: detoxifying and killing insects.

indications: tinea versicolor.

Usage: Rub the affected area with ginger slices and powder until it turns pale red, once in the morning and once in the evening.

Note: The lithuanian monk in Fangzhong is a by-product deposited on the bottom of the furnace when extracting silver and lead from galena, which mainly contains lead oxide and has the function of killing insects and converging; Cuttlefish bone, also known as cuttlebone, is salty and astringent in nature, and has the effect of eliminating dampness and healing sores; Sulfur and Sichuan pepper are both insecticidal products. This prescription has great side effects on human body, and Lithargyrum and sulfur have great side effects on human body, so it can be used with caution.

(2) Medicated bath therapy

Medicated bath is one of the external treatment methods for internal diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. Medicated bath therapy can directly act on the skin, orifices, acupoints, etc., and can quickly reach the affected area, achieving good curative effect. At the same time, because of medicated bath therapy, drugs can be prevented from directly entering the human circulation, thus reducing the toxic and side effects on organs such as liver and kidney.

the principle of medicated bath is that the temperature of water, the mechanical stimulation of water and the action of drugs exert therapeutic effect on the body. When hot liquid medicine is used to fumigate and wash the skin or the affected part, due to warm stimulation, blood vessels in all parts of the skin are dilated, which can promote blood and lymphatic circulation in local and whole body, make metabolism vigorous, improve local tissue nutrition and systemic function, dredge meridians and promote the regulating function of meridians. The liquid medicine can stimulate the nerve terminal receptors of the skin and form new reflexes through the nervous system, thus destroying the original pathological reflex connection and achieving the purpose of curing diseases.

(3) Other treatments

After treatment, hypopigmentation's recovery to normal skin color is slow, and ultraviolet radiation can accelerate the recovery.

tinea versicolor is easy to relapse or reinfect. Skin should always be kept clean and dry. Underwear, undershirts, sheets and pillowcases used by patients should be boiled and disinfected.

topical use of exfoliating agents or other antifungal agents.

Will sweat spots disappear by themselves? Generally speaking, sweat spots can disappear by themselves when it is cool in autumn, but it is also easy to leave hypopigmentation spots, which may recur in hot weather next year.

can sweat spots be cured? if you have sweat spots, you can cure them by going to a regular hospital and using scientific methods.

The diet of sweat spots is suitable. Usually, you should eat more foods rich in vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin A, such as fresh green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, carrots, lean meat and fruits, so as to help relieve the illness and recover the skin lesions.

If there are more scales and obvious desquamation, people should eat more high-protein food, and also eat more eggplant, loofah, purslane, adzuki bean, mung bean and wax gourd.

During the onset of dietary contraindications, you should eat less or no spicy food, such as pepper, pepper, ginger, onion, garlic, etc. to avoid aggravating skin lesions; Eat less or not eat fried food, such as fried dough sticks and oil cakes; Eat less or no fishy food, such as seafood, crucian carp, beef and mutton, dog meat, etc. Eat less sweets and limit fatty foods, such as chocolate and fried foods, so as not to increase sebum secretion and aggravate the disease; No drinking, including liquor, beer, rice wine, wine, etc.

therapeutic prescription (1) fennel beans

ingredients: black beans and fennel.

Practice: Soak black beans in water until soft, then cook or fry them with star anise and proper amount of salt. It is advisable to eat 5 ~ 9 grams a day.

Black beans contain abundant protein, lecithin, fat and vitamins, as well as procyanidins and nicotinic acid. Regular oral administration of black beans can promote the transformation of procyanidins into procyanidins.

(2) Sesame salt

Ingredients: black sesame and salt.

practice: fry black sesame seeds, add salt, grind them into sesame salt, and dip them in steamed bread, bread or porridge.

Black sesame has the function of activating local abnormal metachromatic cells and regenerating metachromatic cells.

(3) Alfalfa cake

Ingredients: alfalfa sprouts and flour.

Practice: Make paste cakes with alfalfa sprouts and flour, or steam steamed bread to eat.

The effective components in alfalfa can activate local abnormal metachromatic cells to regenerate metachromatic cells.

(4) Stewed fish head with Angelica dahurica

Ingredients: 9 grams of Angelica dahurica, and one fish head with fat fish head or grass carp head is good.

practice: add appropriate amount of water to the angelica dahurica and fish head to stew the soup, and season it with oil and salt. Can be eaten continuously.

Primary prevention of sweat spots. Develop good personal hygiene habits, take a bath frequently and change underwear frequently. Reasonable nutrition, because malnutrition can induce this disease, patients receiving corticosteroid therapy should pay attention to observe and prevent this disease.

(1) Change clothes in time

Sweat spots are mainly caused by