Liaoning geographical environment

Liaoning is located in the south of Northeast China, that is, east longitude118 50' ~125 47' and north latitude 38 43' ~ 43 29'. Located in the center of Northeast Asia, it borders Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea in the south, Hebei Province in the southwest, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the northwest, Jilin Province in the northeast and the Korean Peninsula across the Yalu River in the southeast. The border line is more than 200 kilometers long, and the Liaodong Peninsula in the south is inserted between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, forming an angle with the Shandong Peninsula. The total length of the coastline is more than 2,800 kilometers, accounting for 1 1.5% of the national coastline. The terrain of Liaoning is generally from north to south, and inclines from the east and west sides to the middle. Mountain hills are located in the east and west hatchways, accounting for about 2/3 of the province's land area. The central part is a rectangular plain gently inclined from northeast to southwest, accounting for about 1/3 of the province's land area. Most rivers flow into the ocean from east, west, north and south.

The landform of Liaoning can be divided into three regions. The eastern mountainous and hilly area is an extension of Changbai Mountain to the southwest. Shendan Railway divides this area into low mountainous areas in Northeast China and hilly areas in Liaodong Peninsula. The mountainous and hilly area in the west is composed of Nuruhu Mountain, Songling Mountain, Heishan Mountain and Yiwulu Mountain, which runs from northeast to southwest. The Central Plains is impacted by the Liaohe River and more than 30 tributaries, covering an area of 36,700 square kilometers, accounting for 25% of the province's area. From 250 meters above sea level to Liaodong Bay, the terrain slopes slowly from northeast to southwest.

Liaoning has diverse geological structures and widely distributed Archean in the east, belonging to the oldest basement metamorphic rock series in Liaoning Province. The mountainous areas are mostly eroded hills, and this area is called the green barrier and water conservation area in Liaoning. The geological structure in the western region is relatively complete, and it is distributed in Archean, Proterozoic and Mesozoic, which is the region with the strongest magmatic activity in the province. Due to serious vegetation destruction, soil erosion and arid climate, this area has become the main poverty-stricken area in the province. The central plain is alluvial plain and denuded low hill sandy land, and the ground is composed of alluvial, diluvial and marine deposits. Liaohe River and its tributaries Hunhe River, Taizi River, Qinghe River, Chaihe River, Liuhe River and Zhaosutai River form plains along the river, with the Liaohe Delta in the south and the northern Liaoning Plain in the north. This area is rich in mineral resources, such as coal, iron ore, oil and natural gas, and has various soils. It is a commodity of Liaoning.

There are more than 360 rivers in Liaoning * * *, including 52 rivers with a basin area of 1000 square kilometers and 6 rivers with a basin area of more than 5,000 square kilometers. The main water systems are Liaohe River and Hunhe River. /FONT & gt； Taizi River, Yalu River, Daling River and coastal rivers, etc. Liaohe River is the largest river in Liaoning Province, with a total length of 1430 km and a drainage area of192,000 km2.

Liaoning Province is a vast sea area with the highest latitude and the lowest water temperature in China. On the west side of Liaodong Peninsula is Bohai Sea, with the deepest seawater of 32 meters, the water temperature in winter is below-1℃, and the salinity is below 30‰. To the east is the North Yellow Sea, with an average water depth of 38 meters. In winter, the water temperature is above 0℃ and the salinity is 32‰.

The coastline of Liaoning Province starts from the mouth of Yalu River in the east and reaches the old dragon head of Shanhaiguan in the west, with a total length of 2,920 kilometers, including the mainland coastline of 2,292.4 kilometers. Coastal areas and beaches are complete in types and diverse in functions. The bedrock coast in the south of Liaodong Peninsula is widely distributed, with winding coastline, narrow beaches and numerous bays. In the eastern part of the North Yellow Sea and the top of Liaodong Bay, mud beaches are concentrated in a row, and the beach surface is wide and shallow. On the east and west sides of Liaodong Bay, characterized by gravel coast, the beach is flat, the water quality is clear and the depth is moderate.

Liaoning province belongs to the continental monsoon climate in the northern temperate zone, with abundant sunshine, short spring and autumn seasons and distinct four seasons. The annual precipitation is 7 14.9mm, and the average frost-free period is 130 days? /FONT & gt； The annual average temperature in 200 days is between 5.4 ~ 1 1℃, the average temperature in spring is 6.3 ~1℃, the summer is 20.7 ~ 23.5℃, the autumn is 5 ~ 13℃, and the winter is-/kloc-.