Huang Chao's life

Huang Chao's life: He joined Huang Chao, became a righteous teacher, was born in a salt merchant, accumulated wealth and gathered people, especially took in fugitives. In the first year of Guangming (AD 880), Luo Zong was trapped in Luoyang and Chang 'an and fled to Chengdu. The name of the nest is Emperor, and the name of the country is Daqi. Tang courted Li Keyong, defeated Huang Chao, committed suicide, and the Huang Chao Uprising ended. Huang Chao once sold illicit salt with his fellow countryman Wang Xianzhi. In the struggle against the government's smuggling, he practiced martial arts, was good at riding and shooting, was angry and brave, and could resist injustice. Later, he took several Jinshi exams, but all failed in Sun Shan, so he wrote a poem entitled "The Last Chrysanthemum" with passion. His poem wrote: "Until September 8th in Qiu Lai, I will kill a hundred flowers. Time: Tang Dynasty. Place of birth: Heze, Shandong. Date of birth: Yuanhe fifteen years (820). Time of death: June 15th, Zhonghe four years (884). Nickname: Wang Huang, General Tian Chong. Main works: Chrysanthemum, Named Chrysanthemum, Self-portrait, Named Chrysanthemum, Hidden Tour in the South of Spring Mountain, etc. The main achievements: the establishment of the Daqi regime, the start of the advanced transitional system and the four-phase system opened the curtain of the demise of the Tang Dynasty.

About the details of Huang Chao, we will introduce you from the following aspects:

First, Huang Chao's poems

Title chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, self-titled portrait, title chrysanthemum, send Liu Sanyuan to give Wang a poem with good birds singing and high branches, climb baimashan Humeng Temple, stay in the last place of chrysanthemum, travel south to Tibetan Spring Mountain, Fuhua Pavilion Crane, have feelings in the sun and sleep in the desert.

Second, the main achievements

Politically, the peasant movement led by Huang Chao attacked the prosperous Tang Dynasty, established the Daqi regime, and initiated the advanced transitional system and the four-phase system, but eventually led to the separatist regime in the buffer region and the war raged for decades.

We can see Huang Chao's thought, political ambition and practice all his life through a lot of historical facts. Huang Chao's political thought is mainly feudal absolutism, and his political ambition is always to be the top leader, trying to change the unreasonable social reality with his own strength. However, the specific objectives have changed due to changes in the situation. Huang Chao followed such thoughts, strategies and different goals to participate in the uprising, lead the uprising and fight against the Tang Dynasty.

In order to attack the strength of the Tang Dynasty, the most striking feature of the uprising led by Huang Chao was the use of mobile tactics. He moved to 12 provinces, with a round trip of15,000 Li, which dealt a heavy blow to the feudal local class, disintegrated the reactionary rule of the Tang Dynasty, and made the Tang Dynasty exist in name only.

Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao, the leading figures of the Rebel Army in the late Tang Dynasty, were named as "General with Heaven's help" and "General with Heaven's defense of the Pacific" respectively, and "average" or "average" naturally became a special symbol of this great uprising. The two titles are "a simple egalitarian thought, which reflects farmers' hatred of inequality between the rich and the poor." Huang Chao did put forward and put into practice the slogan of "equality" in the uprising. Analyzing the social, political and economic situation in the late Tang Dynasty, it is a historical necessity for Huang Chao to put forward the slogan of "equality". Huang Chao played an important role in the history of peasant war in China feudal society.

Third, anecdotes

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao led the rebel army northward to attack Huncheng. After three days of siege, Huang Chao was so angry that he pointed to the tower and cursed it, threatening to break the city and make trouble. At this time, the Chinese New Year is coming. It snows heavily and is very cold. Most soldiers haven't put on winter clothes yet. Huang Chao knew that hard attack would suffer, so he had to pull the team to the mountain first and fight again after the New Year. The New Year passed quickly, and everyone was pushing rice to grind noodles, making glutinous rice balls and celebrating the Lantern Festival. Huang Chao believes that "The Art of War" says: "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle." Why don't I take advantage of people's holiday to go to town to feel the enemy's reality and then make a siege plan? Thought of here, he immediately called the brothers to discuss, handed over the rebel army to his younger brother, picked out the dumplings and carried them out of the camp, and went straight to Huncheng. Huang Chao entered the gate and headed for West Street. Not far away, I saw a group of people pointing at something in front of the cross street. Just then, an old man selling vinegar came across the street, wearing a broken cotton-padded jacket and trousers, banging the banger in his hand. Huang Chao stepped forward and said, "Excuse me, old man, what happened ahead?" The old man looked at Huang Chao, looked around, pulled him to the side of the road and whispered, "Two days ago, Huang Chao led the troops to attack the city and went to the mountains. He will come again in a few days. The housekeeper posted a notice asking the people to send food, alas! This will be a big war. " Just then, Huang Chao looked up and a group of people galloped. The soldier shouted as he ran: "Listen, everyone, Huang Chao has entered the city, and now the four doors are closed, so we can't escape. If we find any jiaozi, we will report it immediately. If you don't report it, you will kill the nine families! " Huang Chao knew that there were traitors in the army, so he put down his burden and ran east, and hurried into an alley. Went into a yard and hid behind the door. When the cavalry passed by, it came out and ran north. Not far away, he heard the sound of hooves again. Knowing that the cavalry was back, he turned and got into a small yard. Huang Chao plugged in the door and was about to enter the room when he saw an old man coming out of the room. It was the old man who talked to himself in the cross street and hurried over and said; . "Old man, be kind and hide me." The old man paused when he saw Huang Chao, and then nodded in agreement. At this time, there was a quick pounding of hooves in the street, and then someone knocked at the door. The old man was in a hurry, so he didn't want to say anything. He hurriedly led Huang Chao to the backyard, came to the vinegar jar, opened the cylinder cover and let him in, saying, "Guest, be wronged first!" The old man was about to sweep the floor with a broom when suddenly the door was knocked open and a dozen officers and men broke in and surrounded the old man. The leader of the officers and men said, "Why do you want to insert the door in broad daylight?" The old man said, "I'm afraid thieves will come in and steal." The leader asked, "There is a great man. Where did you hide him? " The old man said, "My door is plugged in, and no one comes in!" " "A leader scolded," nonsense! He has obviously arrived. You don't want to live! " The old man said, "sir, if you don't believe me, please search." ".The leader ordered the search, and a dozen officers and men immediately entered the house, rummaged through everything, table tennis rang wildly, and many things were broken, and the jealousy was broken, and vinegar flowed all over the yard. Fortunately, they didn't continue to rummage. After the officers and men left, Chao Huang climbed out of the jar and saw the yard full of broken pieces. The old man wept bitterly in front of the jar. He rushed over to comfort and said, "Don't cry, old man. I'll give you a few bites in a couple of days. " The old man stood up and said, "Sir, please go. They are already ahead and will come back if they can't find anyone. " Huang Chao asked, "grandpa, it's not dark yet. There are officers and men everywhere. Where can I leave this city? "The old man said," Out of this alley, into the opposite yard, and out from behind is Tianqi Temple. You should hide in the temple first. Go south along the city wall after dark, there is a gap more than two feet away, and you can go out from there. " Seeing that the old man was kind and honest, Huang Chao further asked, "Old man, where is the beauty of this city?"? Huang Chao's 100,000-strong army attacked for three days and was invincible? " The old man said, "The guest officer didn't know that this city was built during the first emperor's period. The city wall is high and thick, with rollers on it and archers hidden in the hatchback. " Huang Chao asked, "that's impossible? "The old man said," If you want to attack the city, you can't go in through the gate, but through the gap in Tianqi Temple. Huang Chao was very happy. He turned to go, and then turned to ask, "Grandpa, do you know who I am?" The old man hesitated and said, "You are General Huang. "Huang Chao said:" Tang Bing accused me of killing people, eating people and not spitting bones. Aren't you afraid of me? " The old man said, "That's what the housekeeper said. Can the housekeeper have a good word? "We poor people are looking forward to your coming." Huang Chao was very moved. I didn't expect the people to respect him so much. He said, "Old man, do you have any red paper at home?" The old man said, "there is no ready-made, but you can buy it in the store." Huang Chao said, "You buy some red paper, tie a lantern and hang it on the eaves on the fifteenth day of the first month." After Huang Chao left, the old man passed the news to his neighbors. Soon all the poor people in the city knew about it, and every household bought red paper lanterns. Huang Chao returned to the camp and immediately called the soldiers to discuss. On the fifteenth night of the first month of the Gregorian calendar, he took 5,000 chosen men, touched the moat, and quietly entered the city according to the road pointed out by the old man. With a bugle call, both inside and outside were attacked, and soon the city gate was breached, and the insurgents entered the city! At this time, the poor people hung red lights at their doorsteps, and the whole city was brightly lit. Rebels will not enter any river that is a red gate; When the red light didn't hang, the insurgents rushed in to catch corrupt officials and old money, and killed all corrupt officials, local tyrants and evil gentry in just one night. The next day, Huang Chao opened a warehouse to distribute food, and sent someone to send two hundred and twenty pieces of silver to the old man. Since then, every household has hung a red light on the fifteenth day of the first month. This custom has been handed down.

Dragon Boat Festival "Insert wormwood" Dragon Boat Festival was originally a festival to commemorate Qu Yuan. During the Huang Chao Uprising in the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao rebels attacked the Central Plains, which was the Dragon Boat Festival. Local officials then released the wind: "Huang Chao shook his knife over the mountain and his head fell to the ground!" Mobilizing people to flee their homes is to "win Huang Chao". In fact, in order to control the expansion trend of the rebels, it is impossible for the rebels to contact with the people. In a family in the Central Plains, all the men have gone out, and there is only one woman and two children at home. One child is her own and the other is her sister-in-law's orphan. Her own child has just learned to walk, and her sister-in-law's orphan is one year older than her own child. The woman ran away with two children and her sister-in-law's orphan, but let her toddler walk, but she fell behind. Not far away, I met a man in yellow and asked, "Why doesn't sister-in-law let the older child go and the younger one go?" The woman told the truth, and the man in yellow was very moved. She said, "Your fearless loyalty in a crisis has broken Huang Chao's knife, and Huang Chao can't take your head. In fact, as long as you insert wormwood in front of your house, it means that your family is loyal and Huang Chao can't help you. " Then he suddenly disappeared. The woman thought it was the fairy's advice, so she went home and did as she was told, and told the refugees to insert wormwood along the way to break Huang Chao's knife. Therefore, women are usually kind and do more good deeds. Many people think that it is unnecessary to "go to Huang Chao" to grow wormwood at home and spend the Dragon Boat Festival at home. Sure enough, when the rebels crossed the border, they saw people with wormwood at home, and no one bothered them. Doctors stationed in the army also treat people and ask them about their sufferings. At that time, the story of women's meeting with immortals spread all over the country, and ordinary people stopped "going to Huang Chao" one after another, planting wormwood for the Dragon Boat Festival and performing loyalty for women. In fact, the man in yellow is a forward counselor of the Huang Chao Rebel Army, and he is skilled in martial arts. Wherever the rebels go, there is no village, and the rebels are alone. Knowing that something was wrong, the counselor turned into plain clothes, looked for the reason alone and met a woman. Suddenly disappeared, jumped into a tree and hid. The counselor did a little trick, which not only broke the government's: "Huang Chao waved his knife over the mountain and his head fell to the ground!" " Rumors won the support of the people for the rebel army and made the people accumulate virtue and do good deeds, so the world inherited this tradition and became the custom of "inserting wormwood" on the Dragon Boat Festival today. Liuhe is a Hakka, most of whom moved to Liuhe from the Central Plains. Therefore, most people keep the custom of "going to Huang Chao" and "planting wormwood".

Among the tombs robbed by Huang Chao, the leader of the peasant uprising army in the late Tang Dynasty, there are three tombs, namely, the Qin Mausoleum, the Maoling Tomb and the Ganling Tomb, involving the Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties, with outstanding seats. Qin Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, Maoling is the mausoleum of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and Ganling is the tomb of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Wu Zetian. Mausoleum owners are arrogant historical romantics. Who can shovel SanHuang tomb? The tombs of emperors in Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties are located in Guanzhong Plain, and they are not too far apart, which also provides convenience for Huang Chao to rob tombs. Therefore, after the peasant rebels in Guanzhong rose up in the past dynasties, they would take the destruction of the imperial mausoleum as a heavy blow to declare war on the feudal rulers to vent their anger and relieve their hatred. The peasant army led by Huang Chao will naturally not let them go.

Huang Chao, a Confucian scholar, came from a wealthy family who made a fortune by selling illicit salt. Strong economic background made Huang Chao study Confucian classics hard at an early age in order to get a promotion, but he failed in the imperial examinations repeatedly. Huang Chao suddenly shot "anger from my heart, evil from bravery". When he left Chang 'an, he dropped a song "Stay in Qiu Lai on September 8th, and I will kill flowers after bloom. Tianxiang permeates Chang 'an, and the city is full of golden flowers. "A vow to kill. Huang Chao went home and worked as a smuggler for a few days. In the Tang Dynasty, only state-owned enterprises were allowed to deal in salt, and Huang Chao did not have a license to deal in salt. As a result, their salt was seized and confiscated. During the Kanto drought, officials had to pay taxes, and the people gathered around Huang Chao when they were cornered, so they issued an obituary, reprimanding the officials of the Tang Dynasty for their insatiable greed and rewarding them with heavy penalties. The purpose is to overthrow the tyranny of the Tang dynasty and establish a new dynasty that can alleviate the suffering of farmers and implement light taxes. After Huang Chao proclaimed himself emperor, soldiers held burning torches like robbers, plundering beautiful women, beating civilians and disturbing people everywhere. Huang Chao can't stop it. A few months later, due to lack of food, Chang 'an was in chaos. A small group of Tang Jun took advantage of the chaos to attack the city, and Huang Chao was weak. He immediately fled the city with a few followers. After Tang Jun entered the city, he was welcomed by Chang 'an people. Huang Chao settled down outside the city, only to find that few people entered Tang Jun, so he counterattacked and entered the city. Huang Chao, who re-entered Chang 'an, hated the people welcoming Tang Jun and even ordered a massacre. Kill all the men in the city, and have a bloodbath of Chang 'an with "Wonu people welcoming Julian Waghann, killing 80,000 enemies and bleeding on the road". Later, Tang borrowed Shatuo soldiers to assist the city. More than 10,000 Shatuo soldiers fought against more than 100,000 people in Huang Chao. Huang Chao collapsed in World War I and had to abandon the city and flee. In April 1983, Huang Chao escaped from Chang 'an and ordered arson. Chang 'an was burned to ashes. Before the defeat, Huang Chao surrounded Zhou Chen for nearly a year, crushed the living with mechanization, and supplied his besieged troops with human flesh as rations to ensure the fighting capacity of his rebel army. The scale was unprecedented and unprecedented. Its appalling degree is the highest in China and probably the highest in the world. When Huang Chao passed by, thousands of miles away, the people were clean and bare. According to Old Tang Book, Huang Chao led the whole army to fight around Chen Zhou for nearly a year, and hundreds of giant pheasants (say 3,000) started work at the same time, becoming a human flesh workshop supplying rations, running on the assembly line day and night. A large number of living villagers and prisoners, men, women, old and young, were all brought into giant pots and instantly crushed into minced meat, which was called "Mo Dao Zhai". When the people around them were eaten, they were "plundered by soldiers from dozens of States such as Henan, Xu, Ru, Tang, Deng, Meng, Zheng, Bian, Cao, Xu and Yan, and poisoned by them." Huang Chao pulled a team, died in March, starved to death, and the total number of people died at least one million. Most of the hundreds of thousands of people he brought into Chang 'an starved to death. Later, Huang Chao abandoned the city and fled to the Wolf and Tiger Valley in Shandong Province, leaving only more than 1,000 down archers. Huang Chao was desperate and had to commit suicide (he was killed by his nephew Lin Yan). Throughout the peasant leaders' large-scale behavior of "eating people without spitting bones", it is cruel, cruel, horrible and shocking. Throughout the ages, farmers took risks and rebelled against cruel and tyrannical rulers and rebel leaders, all of which were cruel and killed countless people. However, Huang Chao's evil behavior of eating human flesh is by no means a battle on the battlefield in the general sense, but a massacre that exterminates mankind. Huang Chao's rise from the army also led to the establishment of independent armies all over the country, and then entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. "Thieves around Chen one hundred days, the kanto old crops. People are hungry and lean against the wall. Thieves catch people to eat and kill thousands every day. Thieves have many mills, and they are hundreds of giant cockroaches. They take people to a mortar and eat them together. If it is toxic. " (The Story of the Old Tang Dynasty 150) "The people are hungry, relying on the dead city, and thieves take food. Thousands of people are making hundreds of huge cymbals every day and are smashed in the mortar. " ("The 150th Biography of the Book of the New Tang Dynasty") When the people have no accumulation, thieves plunder artificial food, throw it on rafts, eat with bones, and give food to the land, which is called "grinding the village". Soldiers swept across dozens of States such as Xu, Ru, Tang, Deng, Meng, Zheng, Bian, Cao, Pu, Xu and Zhou from Henan, and all the salt was poisoned by them. "("Zi Tongzhi Jian "Volume 225) Here are some nouns. Mash: Mash things in a stone mortar. Mortar: A rice milling device made of stone or wood with a concave center. Mound: Rice-threshing equipment, in which a wooden stick is erected with a column, and one end of the wooden stick is equipped with a round stone. When the other end is stepped on by your foot continuously, the stone will rise and fall continuously to remove the skin of brown rice in the mortar. Knowing these tools, we can clearly understand how Huang Chao solved the food problem of the troops. He arrested people, put them alive in a stone mortar, and then crushed them into paste with huge cymbals like rice and stuffed them into soldiers' stomachs. During the more than 300 days and nights when Chen Zhou was besieged, Huang Chao used hundreds of such giant killing machines, and started working at the same time, running day and night on the assembly line. A large number of living villagers, men and women, old and young, were all brought into giant pots and instantly crushed into minced meat. People around Chen Zhou have suffered a lot. In order to expand the source of raw material supply, "soldiers will block, and they are poisoned by dozens of States such as Yu, Xu, Ru, Tang, Deng, Meng, Zheng, Bian, Cao, Xu and Yan".

There is an ancient tree named "General Tree" in Xianggou Village, Shengjing Township, Laiwu City, Shandong Province. Legend has it that Huang Chao's footprints were left under this tree. According to the records in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, in 884 AD, the Tang government was convinced that Huang Chao died in the Valley of Wolves and Tigers. Therefore, Tang officials built a stone carving at the place where he died, marking the place where the rebel was buried to alert the world. However, in the following 1000 years, many books said otherwise: they thought that Huang Chao did not die in the valley of wolves and tigers, but escaped and died elsewhere. Nie Jianguang, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, wrote in the biography of Mount Tai Daoli: "Huang Chao died in Mount Tai? There is a big mound in the south of Jiuding Mountain, commonly known as Huang Chao's Tomb. " According to experts' research, this is Huang Chao's tomb recorded in The Legend of Daoli in Mount Tai, which is dozens of kilometers away from Wolf and Tiger Valley. If it is really the burial place of Huang Chao's bones, it proves that Huang Chao really didn't die in Wolf Tiger Valley.

Four. introduce

Huang Chao (820 ~ 884): Cao Zhou (Heze, Shandong) was a salt merchant in the Tang Dynasty. When I was young, my nest accumulated wealth and gathered people, and I was addicted to gambling. In the first year of Guangming (AD 880), Luoyang and Chang 'an fell, and Nuo people fled to Chengdu. The nest was named Emperor and the title was Daqi. The Tang Dynasty won the support of Li Keyong by rank, defeated Huang Chao and committed suicide in the nest. The Huang Chao Rebellion, which had been harmful for ten years, ended, which was called the Huang Chao Rebellion in history. At the beginning of the second year of Ganfu (875), Wang Xianzhi Jean and others launched an uprising in Changyuan (now northeast of Henan Changyuan), and a peasant uprising broke out at the end of the Tang Dynasty. In May this year, Chao Huang, his brothers and sisters, sons and nephews Huang Yi and Huang Enye launched thousands of responses. Then Wang and Huang joined forces and fought side by side, attacking Yizhou (now Linyi, Shandong Province) in the east and Luoyang in the west. The rulers of the Tang Dynasty quickly mobilized troops to attack. Wang _ Huang Nai went south (now Biyang, Henan Province) _ Dengzhou (now dengzhou city, Henan Province) in October of the third year of Ganfu, and then moved to Henan, Hubei, Anhui and other places, unable to attack again and again. At the end of the same year, qi zhou's secretariat (now northeast of Qichun, Hubei Province) lured him to surrender to Wang Xianzhi, and Kenji was shaken to accept the official position of the Tang Dynasty. Huang Chao rebuked him and said, "At the beginning, we made a great oath to govern the country, and you went to the official position alone to surrender to the enemy. Where did the masses go?" ! Anger hurts xianzhi's head Xian Zhi was afraid of public anger and didn't dare to accept Tang's orders, so she divided her forces and fought with Huang Chao. Huang Chao led the army northward and conquered Yunzhou (now Dongping North, Shandong Province) _ Yizhou and other places. Later, although Wang _ Huang had jointly attacked Songzhou (now south of Shangqiu, Henan Province), he soon divided his forces. In five years, Wang Xianzhi died in Huangmei (now northwest of Huangmei, Hubei Province), and still let the rest rush to Bozhou (now Bozhou, Anhui Province) to meet Huang Chao and his men, and promoted Huang Chao as Huang Wang, the soaring general, and Jianyuan Wang Ba, the official office.

From then on, Huang Chao became the supreme leader of the rebel army. After the two rebels met, their power grew again. Huang Chao once again went north to _ Puzhou, and then went west along the south bank of the Yellow River, "seeing the East Capital (Luoyang)", and the Tang Dynasty urgently dispatched troops to reinforce the East Capital. Huang Chao knew that there was no hope of an eastward attack, so he led his troops south, crossed the Yangtze River and went downstream eastward. In Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), Zhang _ _ Liang Jian of Gao Pian Department appointed by Zhenhai (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) was stopped. The rebel army turned from Zhejiang to the south, opened up a mountain road of 700 miles, entered Fujian and conquered Fuzhou (now Fujian Province). Huang Chao suppressed bureaucratic landlords in Fuzhou and killed the stubborn "Chu Shi" Zhou Pu.

Later, he led the army south along the coast and captured Guangzhou, an important town in Lingnan, in September of six years. After about two months' rest, in the winter of this year, Huang Chao led a great army to the Northern Expedition, claiming to be "Commander-in-Chief of the Rebel Army", and issued a proclamation announcing that he was about to enter the customs, accusing the Tang Dynasty of having eunuchs in charge of state affairs, and the military discipline was disordered, and courtiers colluded with eunuchs and bribed them; It also announced the prohibition of insurrectionary army, the prohibition of secretariat and extensive cultivation of property, and the county magistrate ordered the whole family to behead those who committed stolen goods. What he accused was extremely bad at that time and won the support of the masses. Hundreds of thousands of rebels set out from Guizhou (now Guilin, Guangxi), took a raft along the Xiangjiang River, conquered Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan) and went down to Jiangling (now Hubei). Originally, I wanted to attack the Central Plains and go straight to Guanzhong, but Jingmen (now Hubei) was defeated by Liu Jurong, a general of the Tang Dynasty, and turned eastward. In May of the first year of Yu Guangming (880), Zhang _, a veteran of Huainan (now Yangzhou North, Jiangsu), was shot and killed in Xinzhou (now Shangrao, Jiangxi). In July, I flew across the Yangtze River from quarrying (now the east bank of the Yangtze River southwest of Maanshan, Anhui). Gao Pian had contradictions with Tang Ting, and he was afraid of the power of the insurgents. Although he supported more than 100,000 soldiers, he only protected his territory and dared not go to war. After crossing the river, Huang Chao crossed the Huaihe River by breaking bamboo, and occupied Luoyang, the eastern capital, in November. The insurgents "walk with others _ don't gamble" on the March, and people along the way joined the insurgents in succession, reaching as many as one million. After the rebels entered Luoyang, they asked the residents. When Huang Chao attacked the North, he also specially transferred the town soldiers of the Tang Dynasty; You should guard the base separately and don't attack our soldiers. I'm going to the capital. I'm going to the capital to apologize to the emperor. It's none of your business. These words split the enemy camp, so the soldiers marched unimpeded. Huang Chao didn't stay in Du Dong for a long time, then turned to the west, broke through the natural barrier of Tongguan (now northeast of Tongguan, Shaanxi) at the end of the year, and finally captured the capital Chang 'an. And eunuch Tian nan fled to Chengdu. On the day when the rebel army entered the city, it distributed property to the poor. The general Shang Jean announced to the masses: "The Yellow Emperor started to fight for the people, except Li who did not love you Cao. You are Cao, but you live in peace! "

1 February 13 (88 1 year1year 65438+6 years), Huang Chao was located in Hanyuan Temple, with the name of Daqi, and was renamed Golden Boy. Officials before the Tang Dynasty were retained by the following four categories as appropriate, and all the above three categories were dismissed. The main officials of its center are: Shang Rang is the commander-in-chief and secretary, and he is the deputy envoy; Cui He and Yang Xigu, former Tang officials, held the same post as Pingzhang (the prime minister); Meng Kai _ Gaihong is a servant of Shangshu Zuo _ you and a military ambassador (in charge of the Guards); Pi Rixiu, a famous poet, is also a bachelor of Hanlin. Huang Chao carried out the policy of severely punishing the royal family or officials in Chang 'an, and few of the imperial families in the Tang Dynasty stayed in Chang 'an. After the insurgents caught more than 100 senior officials and dignitaries hidden in the walls of Zhang Zhifang, they were all executed. The Daqi regime also confiscated the property of the rich, which was called "scouring things". Rich people walk barefoot. The following year, Tang Jun once invaded Chang 'an, and the rebel army temporarily retreated. That night, it counterattacked and expelled Tang Jun from the city.

However, Huang Chao did not send troops to pursue Tang Xizong, nor did he first try his best to annihilate the imperial army in the important town of Guanzhong. The Daqi regime also lacked the necessary economic policies, and production and finance were nowhere to be found. In this way, the balance of power between the enemy and ourselves gradually became unfavorable to the rebels. The landlords in Guanzhong insisted on staying in the wild, which caused the Daqi regime to fall into a serious food shortage dilemma; In the second year of Zhonghe (882), Datong (now Dali, Shaanxi Province) defended the war, causing Zhu Wen to defect and surrender the enemy. Li Keyong, a Shatuo, led 17,000 people south at the request of the Tang Dynasty. The enemy's military strength has greatly increased. At this point, Huang Chao found it very unfavorable to be trapped in Guanzhong, so he withdrew eastward in April of three years, attacked and forced Cai Zhou (now Runa, Henan Province), and the Tang Dynasty defeated Qin Zongquan and surrendered to Huang Chao.

In June, the insurgents began to besiege Chen Zhou (now Huaiyang, Henan). The garrison commander resisted, and the rebels could not attack for a long time. Zhu Wen and Li Keyong successively came to reinforce. Huang Chao was cleared in April of four years, crossing the border to the north, and was blocked by Shipu, our envoy from Xuzhou in the Tang Dynasty. The battle was unfavorable, and he finally retreated to the Wolf Tiger Valley (now southwest of Laiwu, Shandong Province) and committed suicide on June 17 (one was killed by his niece Lin Yan). The peasant war, which lasted for more than nine years, is over.

Soon after, the Tang Dynasty perished and history entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.