Attributes and descriptions of standard drawings

(1) Attribute Content of Standard Diagram (Example)

See table 3-7 1 for details.

Table 3-7 1 Hainan national standard plot attribute data table

sequential

(2) Description of standard plot characteristics (for example)

1.x4602011standard plot.

This sample plot represents the present situation of agricultural land in Sanya, and it is the best standard sample plot for agricultural production conditions and land quality in this city. Each grade of agricultural land is 1.

(1) climate: drought is obvious from winter to spring to early summer, and rainfall is mainly concentrated in June, August and September. The interannual variation of rainfall is bimodal, and the peak value appears in June and September. The annual rainfall is 1200 ~ 1300mm, and the annual average wind speed is less than 3m/ s. The annual maximum accumulated temperature is 8950℃ ~ 9290℃, and the average temperature is less than 20℃. The first day is in the middle of 65438+February, and the whole day is in the middle and late February, and the maintenance time is short, only two months. The safe heading date of early rice is after March 10 13, and there is no frost all year round except for occasional light frost in some areas. The main disastrous weather is typhoon and drought. The climate in the early stage of growth and development is characterized by more sunshine, 7-9 hours a day from mid-April to May, and the temperature changes from low to high, with an average daily temperature of 24℃-28℃ and a daily temperature difference of 9℃- 10℃. The weather is stable from heading to filling, temperature and light are suitable for rice growth and development, and transpiration and photosynthesis are obvious, so the natural conditions of early rice are very superior and the yield is high. Late-maturing crops are often hit by typhoons and rainstorms every year, resulting in the average yield hovering around 1.50 kg/mu. Only by adopting the delay system can we avoid the influence of typhoon and rainstorm in August and September on the heading and filling period of the following crops, and the yield is expected to be stable or improved.

(2) Soil: Mud-fleshed soil is formed under the conditions of long-term intensive cultivation and increased application of organic fertilizer, and it is a paddy soil with good soil quality and high yield in Sanya. Its profile features are as follows: ① The topsoil is 0 ~ 19 cm, dark gray, moist, light loam, massive structure, loose and many crop roots. ② Plough bottom 19 ~ 28cm, dark gray, wet, sandy, blocky, compact, with multi-crop roots. ③ The latent layer is 28 ~ 70cm, yellow-gray, wet, sandy, prismatic, slightly loose, in the root system of crops. ④ The subsoil is 70 ~ 100 cm, grayish yellow, wet, sandy, blocky, slightly loose and without crop roots. Main characteristics and production performance: flat and open terrain, abundant sunshine, convenient irrigation and drainage, loam texture in the plough layer, deep soil layer, moderate proportion of sand and mud, wide adaptability, solid plough bottom, good water and fertilizer conservation performance, strong and long fertilizer, deep, cool, soft and fertilizer advantages, good crop growth and stable yield. The utilization form is double cropping rice.

(3) Improvement measures: further improve the level of scientific farming, intensive cultivation and rational use of water, pay attention to the reasonable collocation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, implement paddy-upland rotation, prevent the potential fertility of soil from declining, and achieve the combination of use and nutrition.

(4) Do a good job in farmland capital construction and scientific farming: the sample plot has certain farmland infrastructure, but it is not perfect and must be complete. At present, we should first maintain and dredge the channels, reduce leakage, improve the utilization rate of water and expand the irrigation area; Secondly, do a good job in the field drainage and irrigation system, maintain the sluice culvert, and ensure smooth drainage and irrigation; The third is to establish a field road network to create conditions for mechanized operations.

Do a good job in scientific farming. First, vigorously develop green manure, plant red duckweed and summer sowing green in paddy fields in winter, rationally rotate crops, and fertilize the soil field by field, so that the rice-fertilizer rotation area reaches 60% of paddy fields; Second, comprehensively popularize early maturity, high yield, lodging resistance, disease resistance and high quality improved varieties of rice, reasonably match early, middle and late varieties, establish seed farms, realize self-selection, self-propagation, self-preservation and self-use, continuously purify and rejuvenate, and change and update seeds in a planned way to overcome the disadvantages of many varieties, miscellaneous, chaotic and inferior; Third, establish and improve agricultural science network, summarize and popularize advanced technology and popularize scientific knowledge; Fourth, do a good job in rational fertilization, apply more base fertilizer, properly plant closely, use water scientifically, plough and dry fields in winter, and completely change the backward habit of rough tillage; Do a good job in the model demonstration field, designate a special person to be responsible for the management of the demonstration field, sum up experience and popularize field production.

(5) Land use and land economy: close to towns, convenient transportation, high degree of intensive management, and the utilization rate and economic benefit of rice rank first in the city.

2.X46000705 standard drawing

This sample plot represents the agricultural land use situation in Baisha County. This area has flat terrain, large cultivated land area, convenient transportation, favorable material exchange, and the best agricultural production conditions and land quality. Each grade of agricultural land is 1.

(1) Climate: This area is rich in agricultural climate resources, with superior light and temperature conditions such as high solar radiation energy, abundant sunshine, high temperature, long crop growth period and large temperature difference between day and night. However, the most prominent problems in this area are unbalanced water and heat conditions, serious drought, long maintenance time and high probability of occurrence. Seven months of the year belong to the dry season, and artificial irrigation is needed to meet the needs of crops. The annual average temperature is 23.2℃ ~ 23.4℃; The hottest month is July, and the monthly average temperature is 27.2℃ ~ 28. 1℃. The Leng Yue is 65438+ 10 month, and the monthly average temperature is17.1℃ ~17.3℃. The annual average extreme minimum temperature is 4.7℃ ~ 5.2℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is about 65438 0.0℃. The extreme maximum temperature is 4 1.6℃ (Daling station). The accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ is 5000℃, and the effective accumulated temperature ≥ 12℃ is 4000℃ ~ 4200℃. The safe growth period of rice is longer, which is more than 325 days in all parts of the region, and Jinbo is the longest, which is 33 1 day. The temperature difference between day and night is large, with an annual average daily temperature difference of 9.8℃, and the monthly temperature difference in1~ May is greater than 10.0℃. The annual average sunshine hours are 2086.8 hours, with the maximum in May reaching 232.4 hours, accounting for11%of the whole year. At least February is 124.3 hours, accounting for 6.0% of the whole year; The seasonal distribution is highest in summer (June-August), accounting for 29.1%of the whole year; Followed by spring (March-May), accounting for 27.2% of the whole year. The annual solar radiation energy is 1 16.6 kcal/cm2, and its mid-year distribution is similar to sunshine hours. Annual rainfall 1400 ~ 1900 mm, of which the minimum is 1458.3 mm (Daling station) and the maximum is 198 1.2 mm (Longjiang station). There are few days of heavy rain, only about two days in the whole year; The rainy season lasts from the end of April to the beginning of May and ends at 10. The annual rainfall is unevenly distributed, concentrated in May ~ 10, accounting for 86% ~ 9 1% of the annual rainfall. Drought is the most serious agricultural disastrous weather in this area. There may be spring (winter) drought, summer drought and autumn drought in a year, especially spring (winter) drought every year, but the degree is different. The dry hot wind weather in this area is also more prominent, and the time is from heading to flowering to filling maturity of early rice, which has a certain impact on early rice yield. The highest frequency is in mid-May, once every two years, followed by late April and early May, once every four years.

(2) Soil: Mud-meat field is an artificially high-mature paddy field with perfect soil structure and the characteristics of deep, loose, soft and rich. The groundwater level is mostly 60 ~ 100 cm, and the profile is A-P-W-C. The soil is in good hydrothermal condition, and water, fertilizer, gas and heat are coordinated, so it is the most ideal paddy soil. The cultivated layer is thick 15cm, brownish gray, with moderate proportion of sand and mud, light loam, broken structure, soft and fertile. The bottom layer of the plow is 10 cm thick, with moderate elasticity, which can not only retain water and fertilizer, but also have suitable air permeability. The storage layer has a columnar structure, which is beneficial to the material exchange between the upper and lower layers. The average content of nutrients in topsoil is: organic matter 1.76%, total nitrogen 0. 165%, total phosphorus 0.06 1%, total potassium 2.52%, available phosphorus 35× 10-6 and available potassium/kloc-0.

(3) Improvement measures: ① Improve the field irrigation and drainage system and separate irrigation and drainage; (2) Returning straw to the field, actively using farmyard manure, and constantly improving soil fertility; ③ Accelerate the construction of high and stable yield farmland.

(4) Strengthen water conservancy construction. In this area, the early planting area often only accounts for 50% ~ 60% of the paddy field area, while the late planting area suffers from drought due to lack of water, waiting for rain to sow, delaying the "summer" and missing the season, resulting in low yield. Therefore, grasping the construction and management of water conservancy projects and giving full play to the benefits of existing water conservancy projects are important factors for stable and high-yield grain. Specific measures are as follows: ① Complete channel construction, build sluice, and prevent seepage and leakage; (2) Cut and straighten, increase the channel section and increase the water flow; (3) Dredging and removing impurities, dredging channels and speeding up the flow rate; (4) Extending channels and expanding irrigation area; ⑤ Manage small water conservancy facilities such as Bajiao, Nanban, Gancun, Caotou, Rongbang and Olang to give full play to their benefits; ⑥ In the geological, Ling Wei and Guo Meng areas downstream of Zhubijiang Reservoir irrigation area, more small mountain ponds should be built to divert floods and replenish water sources. Do the above work well, fully tap the potential and improve the project benefit, and the problem of agricultural production water can be solved.

(5) Land use and land economy: intensive management is high, and rice utilization rate and economic benefit are the first in the county.