What does the meridian project stand for?

With mankind entering the 2 1 century, space has become a strategic highland for developed countries to compete. The scale of comprehensive observation of space-based and ground-based environment is increasing, and the implementation of the plan is more international. Space weather has become one of the hot spots in international scientific and technological activities. Our society is faced with the historical task of developing high technology, realizing national defense modernization and building a world power. In the fields of aerospace, communication, navigation, electric power, resources, human health and national security, it has become an urgent need for the country to reduce and prevent the heavy losses caused by disastrous weather in space. Therefore, the China Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Education, the Seismological Bureau of China and the State Oceanic Administration jointly put forward the "Meridian Chain for Comprehensive Monitoring of Ground Space Environment in the Eastern Hemisphere"-referred to as "Meridian Project" in 1995, which was identified as one of the second batch of four major scientific projects in China during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period by the National Leading Group for Science and Education. The basic goal is to understand the law of disastrous weather changes in space and obtain important original scientific discoveries; It has important application prospects in aerospace, communication, navigation and important national high-tech fields; It is a networked large-scale scientific project in the basic research field of space science, which can take advantage of China's geographical advantages, be in a leading position in international cooperation and have important international influence. 1. Necessity of meridian engineering construction The demand for meridian engineering construction in China is increasingly urgent. Relevant leaders and experts in China's aerospace, communication, navigation, national security and other fields, as well as scientific and technological experts in space, atmosphere, earth and astronomy, all hope to start the meridian project construction as soon as possible, provide a public platform for ground observation for all kinds of users, and reduce and prevent the huge losses caused by disastrous weather in space to aerospace, communication, navigation, human health and other fields. In order to build a seamless military security system in China; Make a basic contribution to acquire the original knowledge in the field of space disastrous weather. The China Meteorological Bureau and the Meteorological and Hydrological Bureau of the General Staff of the People's Liberation Army of China participated in the meridian project construction, which further strengthened the combination of the meridian project construction and the national demand. After three years of construction, we can initially establish the main detection means of basic space environment, provide some important monitoring data for China's space environment security system, and establish the corresponding prediction model. 2. Scientific objectives, key technologies and international advanced scientific objectives of meridian engineering: to understand the changing law of disastrous space weather in near-earth space environment, gradually understand the relationship between regional characteristics of space environment and global changes over China's meridian chain of east longitude120 and latitude chain of 30 north latitude, establish corresponding space environment models, develop comprehensive forecasting methods, and obtain scientific achievements with important original innovations in combination with space exploration; The feasibility problems related to key technologies such as incoherent scattering radar technology, middle and upper atmosphere lidar technology, interplanetary scintillation detection technology, all-sky interferometric imaging technology and communication and data transmission and processing technology have been basically solved. The international advanced meridian project is the meridian chain with the largest span, the most complete function and the highest comprehensiveness in the world. It is the only one in the world, which can be used for the research of the most advanced international topics that are difficult to carry out in other countries and regions. In addition, it is also reflected in: global-forming the only space environment monitoring meridian circle that can circle the earth once; Regionality-A study that fully reflects the environmental characteristics over China is indispensable for understanding the changes in the global near-earth space environment; Synthesis-conducting multidisciplinary comprehensive research by integrating various scientific devices and means, such as radio, geomagnetism, optics, cosmic rays and rockets; Status and Function: Its completion will make China step into the ranks of advanced countries with important international influence in space environmental ground monitoring, and play a leading (or central) role in Asia for decades. 40% of satellite failures in China are related to the space environment. If the failure rate drops by 65,438+00%, the benefits will be enormous. The long-term cumulative benefits brought to communication, navigation, resources, meteorology, earthquake, disaster reduction, disaster prevention, GPS application, electricity, ecology and human health, national security and other fields are even more difficult to calculate, and so on. The main scientific and technological experts from the Solar-Terrestrial Physics Committee of the International Federation of Science and Technology and countries and regions on the meridian ring of East longitude 120 and West longitude 60 commented on the meridian project as follows: "It opened the door to the scientific field of 2 1 century", "It will make fundamental and important contributions in the next few decades", "It represents a very important pioneering work" and "Meridian in China". They are eager to start the meridian project as soon as possible, implement the meridian ring plan of international space weather led by China, make rational use of scientific and technological resources of various countries, and make positive contributions to the development of space weather, a cause that benefits human peace and progress. 3. The construction objectives and contents of the meridian project are in line with international standards, and it has the world-advanced meridian chain system for comprehensive monitoring of space environment near the Eastern Hemisphere120 E. Including radio radar, laser radar, all-sky imaging optical interferometer, sounding rocket and other large-scale advanced scientific devices, as well as scientific data system and research and prediction system of space physics. On this basis, through international cooperation and the meridian chain near 60 W in the western hemisphere, a complete meridian circle for comprehensive monitoring of the space environment around the earth will be formed to monitor the changes of the global near-earth space environment; Provide ground-based observation data, near-earth space environment model and meridian engineering scientific achievements for all kinds of users in our society; Actively participate in space weather forecasting and services organized by military and civilian operational forecasting departments, and make important contributions to reducing or avoiding the damage and destruction of space-based and ground-based technical systems and human health caused by space disastrous weather, and improving China's space weather forecasting ability and service level. The meridian project enriches and perfects the comprehensive observation chain that starts from Mohe River in the north near the Eastern Hemisphere120 E meridian, passes through Beijing and Wuhan, reaches Hainan in the south, and extends to Zhongshan Station in Antarctica. At the same time, give full play to the role of Taiwan Province chain from Shanghai in the east through Wuhan and Chengdu in the west along 30 north latitude. See the attached table for details of 15 station. Meridian project includes the following three systems: 1. The space environment monitoring system consists of four subsystems: radio (including radar and ionospheric observation system), geomagnetism (electricity), optics and sounding rocket. 2. The scientific data system consists of Beijing data center and six nodes. 3. The research forecasting system consists of research modeling subsystem and military-civilian forecasting service subsystem. It mainly monitors the spatial environment from Mohe, Heilongjiang Province in the north, Zhongshan Station in Antarctica near longitude120 in the east, and Shanghai to Lhasa near latitude 30 in the east. The main monitoring space ranges from 20-30 km in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere to several hundred km, and more than a dozen interplanetary spaces outside radius of the earth. The main monitoring parameters include: ● Surface: geomagnetic field, electric field, cosmic ray intensity ● Middle and upper atmosphere: wind, density, temperature, composition, aerosol, fluctuation, solar radiation, etc. ● Ionosphere: concentration, temperature, movement, frequency elevation map, uneven structure, etc. ● magnetosphere: density ● interplanetary: solar wind plasma velocity 4. "Meridian Project" ● 1 ~ 2 years: improvement, upgrading, matching and networking of existing instruments and equipment. It mainly includes: implementing the reconstruction plan of the existing space environment monitoring station network; Solve the key technologies of new instruments and improve the technical scheme; Solve the technical problems related to the digitalization of network access instruments and the data acquisition and transmission of each station; Complete the laboratory building infrastructure. ● Year 3-4: New equipment will be put into production gradually. It mainly includes: completing the development, debugging and network operation of new instruments; Complete the transformation, debugging and network access of existing monitoring instruments; Establish scientific data system, research and prediction system; Each subsystem enters the trial operation state. ● The fifth year: the meridian project is completed. The meridian chain for comprehensive ground monitoring of space environment in the eastern hemisphere of China has been put into operation. 5. The conditions and timing for starting the Meridian Project are basically mature. Since the meridian project was put forward, the leaders and scientific and technological experts of the participating ministries have been improving, modifying and discussing the feasibility of the meridian project every year according to the development of science and technology at home and abroad and the needs of the country, so as to maintain the international advanced nature of the meridian project. At present, the feasibility of meridian project, the division of tasks among ministries, key technologies, personnel organization, infrastructure, international cooperation and management mode have basically met the conditions for commencement. With the successful launch of the manned spacecraft in Shenzhou 5, China, and the implementation of the "Double Star" exploration plan for the earth's space environment, the leaders of all departments involved in the meridian project and the vast number of scientific and technological personnel all think that now is the best time to start the meridian project.

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