What descriptive methods and expressive functions are used in underlined sentences in this paper?

Appearance description:

He made himself a tall hat and a wide dress. In the beautiful season, he took his mother and a herd of cows. He wore a hat, wide clothes, persistent whip and singing. He played in rural towns and lakes, causing rural children to laugh with him in droves, and he didn't care.

Personal data:

Wang Mian was born in poverty, lost his father at the age of seven, and dropped out of school to herd cattle at the age of ten. He saved all the dim sum money given by his employer to buy books. Later, when herding cattle, I learned to draw a good lotus by myself. With this skill, Wang Mian sold paintings to earn money to support his family and honor his mother. Wang Mian is gifted. Before he was twenty, he studied astronomy, geography, ancient and modern times. But he is also aloof, looking down on powerful people and staying away from fame and fortune. When the magistrate of a county comes to invite him, Wang Mian doesn't keep the appointment. The court recruited Wang Mian as an official, and he fled to Kuaiji Mountain overnight and lived in seclusion for life.

Wang Mian is a benchmark and a mirror set by the author in his works, which is in sharp contrast with those pedantic and stubborn people who were led astray by the imperial examination system and entrusted their ideals to the author.

Personality characteristics:

Understand the mother's difficulties, obey her decision, drop out of school and herd cattle; 2 wrap the delicious lotus leaves and bring them to mom; 3 save the daily snack money to buy paint and draw lotus flowers; 4 use the money from selling paintings to buy good things to honor your mother; (5) Under the age of 20, with a thorough understanding of astronomy, geography and history; ⑥ You can draw a good lotus by self-study.

Lonely and arrogant officials ① don't seek official names, don't make friends, and study behind closed doors all day; ② Imitate Qu Yuan's clothes, play around with his mother, and be indifferent to others' teasing; (3) Beijing official Yusu dated Wang Mian, but the comprador refused to move. When the magistrate came to worship, Wang Mian ran away from home; (4) During Zhu Yuanzhang's visit, Wang Mian talked about the truth of convincing people with righteousness. Later, the court recruited Wang Mian to be an official, but he fled to Huijishan early to live in seclusion; ⑤ It is pointed out that the stereotyped writing method of selecting scholars will make scholars look down on the source of literary works, which indicates that a generation of scholars will be in trouble.

Related plots: dropping out of school, herding cattle, painting lotus flowers by the lake, pointing to the disadvantages of stereotyped writing, and hiding from officials and meeting mountains.

Typical plot: refusing to attend an official date

Synopsis: If you want to date Wang Mian, the magistrate of a county sends a comprador to invite him, but Wang Mian refuses to go. Magistrate in person, Wang Mian to avoid leaving home. In the face of Qin Lao's complaint, he said: "The magistrate of a county relies on this crisis and cruelly abuses the king here, doing everything he can. Why should I be with such a person? "

(2) Zhou Jin

Appearance description:

When everyone looked at it, they wore an old felt hat on their heads, an old straight braid of yuan silk on the back of their right sleeves, and a pair of old red silk shoes at their feet, with a black and thin face and a gray beard. (from the second round)

Personal data:

Zhou Jin is over 60 years old and still a old boys. He has been a teacher in Wenshang County for three years. Gu's child has become a scholar. He is no longer qualified to continue teaching, and has been reduced to Xue Jiaji Guanyin 'an private school to live in the library. He was ridiculed and snubbed by scholars Mei Jiu and Juren Wang Jin. Soon, Zhou Jin lost his job and had to work as an accountant for a group of businessmen. When he entered the provincial capital and passed by Hiram's Hospital, his heart for many years was touched again. But he is a boy, so he can't pay tribute to Gong Yuan. The doorman whipped him, so he asked others to show him around Gong Yuan. As soon as Zhou Jin entered Gongyuan, he saw two plates neatly placed together, and his eyes were full of sadness. I don't know whether it's a sad vent or a struggle for inspiration. Zhou Jin hit the plate and passed out. When he woke up, he turned over and burst into tears. When several businessmen learned about this, they agreed that each person would take out dozens of taels of silver and let him go to prison.

After that, Zhou Jin was admitted to Juren with the diploma of Guo Jian Zi. In an instant, people who are not relatives also come to recognize relatives, and people who are not friends also come to recognize friends. Even the school where he teaches is dedicated to "Grandpa Zhou's longevity card". After a few years, he was promoted from a scholar to an imperial adviser and was assigned to study Taoism in Guangdong. In Guangzhou, Zhou Jin promoted Jin Fan. In order to take care of this 54-year-old boy, he repeatedly read his paper for three times, and finally found that it was a better article between heaven and earth, so he turned Fan Enterprising into a scholar and later went all the way to imperial academy to study.

Personality characteristics:

Obsessed with fame, pedantic and pitiful (1), you have to take the imperial examination until you are in your sixties; (2) Visit the Gong Yuan Head Impact Committee.

Related plot: Professor Gu Jia is in a private school, sitting in the library, doing business with his brother-in-law, putting up a signboard in Gong Yuan, taking part in scientific research in prison, taking part in the senior high school entrance examination, studying Taoism in Guangdong, and being promoted to the normal level in imperial academy.

Typical plot:

① Sit by Xue Jiaji.

Synopsis: In Xue Jia Ji, Tai Gong discussed holding a Dragon Lantern Festival during the Spring Festival, during which he mentioned that he wanted to hire a teacher for the children. Xia Zongjia recommended Zhou Jin, who is over 60 years old. During the dinner, Zhou Jin invited scholar Mei Jiu to accompany him. During the dinner, Mei Jiu played a trick on Zhou Jin and embarrassed Zhou Jin. Wang evaded the rain and passed by the village school, but he also despised not going to school. He told the story of his dream that Zhou Jin's child Xun Mei won the prize with him, which made Zhou Jin very excited. A year later, the villagers fired Zhou Jin.

Honest, pedantic but not evil (1) was ridiculed by scholar Mei Jiu and Juren Wang Jin without anger; (2) All the businessmen went to prison for his chips, and he sincerely thanked you; (3) After learning the Tao, you should do what you can, pity the hard work of the scholars, read the candidates' papers carefully, and don't give up your true talents; ④ sympathize with Jin Fan, a 54-year-old young man, read his scientific research articles repeatedly and regard him as a scholar; (5) For candidates who don't make a fuss about stereotyped writing, they can read the text and enter the school at a low level.

② Collision plate of Saigon Hospital

Synopsis: Zhou Jin lost his library and his livelihood. He had to go out to do business with his brother-in-law Jin Youyu and others to help keep accounts. When passing by Jinan, Zhou Jin visited Gong Yuan, which touched the depressed mood for many years and bumped into the signboard. Everyone was deeply moved. He negotiated with Jin Youyu to invest in prisons in Zhou Jin. Zhou Jin took part in the diagnosis of that year, later passed the examination of Jinshi, and studied Taoism in Guangdong.

(3) Jin Fan

Appearance description:

A boy came in after him, sallow and emaciated, with a gray beard and a worn felt hat. Although it's warm in Guangdong, it's already1early February. The boy is still wearing linen, begging, shivering with cold and counting down with paper. (selected from the third time)

Personal data:

Jin Fan lived in the Ming Dynasty, and the stereotyped writing system prevailed. Thousands of years of scientific research reached its peak, and almost the whole society was immersed in the "scientific research fever". Jin Fan is bent on becoming a scholar. He has studied for decades and passed the exam. The boss doesn't regret it. Jin Fan can't make a living because he is not diligent and despises labor. He borrowed money to participate in scientific research and finally passed the examination for juren. Since then, his fate has changed dramatically, and all his neighbors have looked at him with new eyes. After graduating from high school, Jin Fan was wily, glib, made friends with officialdom, entertained himself, and gained the fame and fortune he dreamed of. Due to the sudden change of material conditions, my mother died in ecstasy. Jin Fan worried about Ding Mu for three years before going to Beijing to catch the exam. He was also selected as a scholar, appointed as a subordinate, and took part in the imperial examination. A few years later, Shandong was ordered to learn Taoism.

Personality characteristics:

Enthusiastic about fame and dedication to diagnosis ① Jin Fan devoted his life to the diagnosis of imperial examinations. Despite repeated setbacks, he still held deep hopes until he was 54 years old. (2) He was going to take the provincial examination, but his father-in-law Hu laughed at him and told him to give up, but he would rather starve his family than be diagnosed again; Jin Fan, who won the prize, was ecstatic.

Cowardly and numb, resigned (1) Butcher Hu arrogantly insulted him as a "worldly treasure", "poor wretch", "a rotten scholar, honest and useless man" after he was a scholar in the examination, but he only followed suit and said that "his father-in-law was learned"; (2) Jin Fan borrowed money from Hu Butcher to attend the provincial examination, and was scolded by Hu Butcher with outrageous words, and he was not angry at all.

He is pedantic and incompetent and doesn't care about this industry. This family is so poor that Jin Fan is at a loss. He had to wait for his mother's "command" to rush out to sell chickens, but he walked around the distribution center and looked around, but he still couldn't sell chickens for a long time. Neighbors told him that he had passed the Juren exam, and he felt that others had cheated him, so he reluctantly asked others not to joke with him. (3) Fan Jin's reunion was ecstatic and his image was very embarrassing.

False and treacherous, curry favor with others (1) After Fan Jin was promoted, Xiangshen Zhang visited and contacted Fan Jin naked in order to help each other in the future. Fan Jin accepted his gift after pretending to refuse. (2) Fan Jin took more than six taels of money from Xiangshen Zhang to show his respect for his father-in-law; (3) Go to the county to curry favor with the county magistrate with Xiangshen Zhang.

Related plot: 54-year-old admitted to the scholar, crazy in middle school.

Typical plot:

Before his promotion, Jin Fan was persecuted by the imperial examination system for impoverished literati. He is still a boy in his fifties and his family is poor. 12 months, he was still wearing a light coat, "shivering with cold". Jin Fan failed to be diagnosed for decades because of the flattery and diagnosis of Jin Zhou, the chief inspector. After that, heaven went crazy and was awakened by his father-in-law, butcher Hu. After his recovery, the butcher turned from dismissing him to flattering, and the "celebrities" in the same county also came to visit.

From Zhou Jin and Jin Fan, we can see the depth of the poison of the imperial examination system to the literati. It deeply corrodes the minds of literati, and makes some literati completely lose themselves passively because of their infatuation with career promotion. The author wrote their distortion and depravity in personality consciousness with bitter brushstrokes.

(4) Yan Jiansheng

Appearance description:

Yan Jiansheng's throat is full of phlegm, but he can't stop breathing. He also pulled his hand out of the sheet and held out two fingers (from the fifth choice).

Personal data:

Yan Jiansheng is a typical miser image created by the author in The Scholars.

Yan Jiansheng, formerly known as Yan Dayu and named He Zhi, is a rich man who regards money as everything and is very rich. He is too ill to eat, bedridden and dying. He is still obsessed with harvesting early rice in the fields and sending the servants of Guanzhuang to the countryside. He is not at ease, but he is just impatient. He is stingy by nature, and his family is full of rice, cattle and horses, but he is reluctant to buy a catty of pork at ordinary times. He refused to die when he died because he lit an extra lamp.

Personality characteristics:

Timid, lack of definite view ① Yan Gong Sheng escaped from crime, and the county government sent someone to find Yan Jiansheng. He didn't dare to treat it lightly, so he invited two uncles, Wang De and Wang Ren, to discuss it, listened to his uncle's advice and spent money to settle the lawsuit. (2) Later, Mrs. Wang was seriously ill and wanted to help Aunt Zhao have a son, so she took money and asked two uncles to make decisions. The two uncles tried their best to arrange for the money.

Be kind to others and be stingy with yourself (1) Before Wang died, Yan Jiansheng gave her 320 yuan in private money every year. Wang is very ill, so take good medicine. The king's funeral cost four or five thousand taels of silver; (2) In order to help Zhao, who gave birth to a son, he gave two uncles one hundred and twenty pieces of silver each, and gave a thank-you banquet; Yan Jiansheng invited two uncles to dinner. In order to save money, he didn't touch a drop of wine. Before he died, he saw two lights lit in the oil lamp, fearing waste and refusing to die.

Related plot: litigating for his younger brother Yan, managing the family diligently, and dying for two lanterns before dying.

(5) strict

Description: A man came in from the outside, wearing a square towel, a wide suit, soap boots with foundation, bee eyes, a high nose and a beard. (selected from the fourth cycle)

Personal data:

Yan is a typical figure who oppresses the people, disowns his six relatives and is cruel and greedy. When describing his character, the author mainly reveals his dirty, despicable and shameless soul through his own words and deeds. He obviously detained someone else's pig, not only did he not return it, but people came to beg for food. He also broke people's legs with a bolt and a rolling pin. Obviously, he didn't lend money to others, but he insisted on paying interest. People refused to intercede, just calling people "donkey rice bags are short"; Obviously, he didn't want to give others money to buy a boat, but he deliberately set a trap with a few pieces of cloud cakes, pretending that the boatman had eaten his precious medicine, which was worth "several hundred taels of silver". In a rage, he sent the boatman to Tang's official office to apologize and left because of the money for buying a boat. He clearly wanted to embezzle the property of his compatriots and brothers, but stubbornly refused to admit the fact that Zhao had made a clear impression, and rushed Zhao to the wing to live, and treated him as a concubine, saying, "Our squire family, these gifts are all wrong." Through the description of the above typical facts, the despicable nature of Yan's treachery, insolence and greed is exposed, and the ugly face of this evil god is presented to readers, expressing the author's strong ironic intention and exposing the social roots of evil.

Personality characteristics:

Mean, greedy, and overbearing (1) impound the pigs sold to neighbors earlier, and let several sons break the legs of neighbors begging pigs; (2) Forcing people to make money by holding a loan agreement that does not lend the principal; (3) I was filled with joy when I received the news of Yan Jiansheng's death and saw the new clothes and money sent; (4) When the second son gets married, he can't call a group of blowjobs for eight dollars and silver, but he will only give two dollars and four cents; ⑤ On my way home, I lied about medicinal materials with cloud cakes, defrauded the boatman and lost twelve silvers; 6. In the name of patriarchal clan system, embezzle the property that Zhao was in charge of after Yan Jian's death.

It is speculated that 1) when the couple were waiting to meet the Tang magistrate at Guandi Temple, Yan came to curry favor and boasted that his relationship with the Tang magistrate was extraordinary, hoping to become an important person around the Tang magistrate; (2) boasting that he is a frank person who doesn't take advantage of others, and he doesn't want a servant at home to come in a hurry and say that his neighbor came to beg for pigs and was exposed on the spot.

Related plot: cheat pigs for money, cheat boatmen for money, and rob younger brothers of their property.

(6) Du Shao Qing

Appearance description:

Wearing a square scarf, a jade gauze skirt, beaded shoes at the foot, sallow face and erect eyebrows, as if painting Guan Fuzi's eyebrows. (selected from Chapter 31)

Personal data:

Du Fu is a group of true Confucians and one of the famous sages created by Wu in his works based on himself, and entrusted the author with the ideal of transforming society. The author's ideal figure is a scholar who not only has the traditional Confucian virtues, but also has the demeanor of a famous person in the Six Dynasties, and pursues the life realm of complementary ability and political integrity. Du was born in a big bureaucratic landlord family with four generations under one roof and six ministers. However, his behavior is somewhat deviant, and his thoughts contain some nationalist elements. He despises the imperial examination, wealth, fame and fortune, and pays attention to "the origin of literary works", which is in sharp contrast with the pursuit of fame and fortune in The Scholars.

Personality characteristics:

Indifferent to fame and wealth, arrogant and extravagant (1) Du is a scholar. As soon as he mentioned the scholar in the county, he scolded: "The scholar in the school is not like a slave"; (2) Zang Fei told Du that if he made it up, he could sit in court, spread a sign and hit someone. Du simply looked down on such a person and laughed and cursed, saying, "You bandit, you despicable guy!" " ; (3) The emperor's conquest was welcomed by others, but Du avoided it, pretending to be ill and refusing to be an official; (4) When Wang Shouyan was in the magistrate's county, he repeatedly asked about Du. Du Shaoqing resolutely refused: "He really appreciates me. Why didn't he come to worship me first, but asked me to worship him? Besides, learning is unlucky. When you meet the magistrate of this place, call him a teacher! The Jinshi in the ashes of the Wangs, who worshipped me as a teacher, I don't want it yet. What will I do to him? "

Respect women and oppose etiquette ① Du treats his wife equally and opposes concubinage; (2) In broad daylight, take your wife's hand to travel and drink, not afraid of other people's strange eyes; (3) Shen Qiongzhi is not willing to be a concubine. She designed to wrap up the gold and silver jewelry of the Song family and fled to Nanjing to sell literature and earn her own living. Du thinks she is a "strange guest".

Pay attention to filial piety and respect the dutiful son (1). He has great respect for his father's guest, Mr. Lou. "Keep it at home, treat it as an ancestor, and serve it in person in the morning and night." Even his wife has to "stew ginseng" and "send ginseng" in person. When an old man was seriously ill, he was sent back to his hometown according to his wishes. After Lou's father died, Du went to the town where the actress was born in 1969 to offer sacrifices. He was not despised by Lou's housekeeper status. (2) build Taibo Temple and offer sacrifices to ancient rites and music, so that everyone can learn rites and music and achieve talents; Du and Guo Xiaozi are strangers. However, he has traveled all over the world for more than 20 years, looking for his father's filial piety. He didn't avoid punishment, but found his own clothes as money to prepare his travel expenses.

Helping the poor and helping the poor, Shangyi Ren Xia (1) helped Zhang Junmin donate one hundred and twenty yuan to study and be an official; (2) when clothes help Yang tailor buried his mother; (3) Buy land with 1200 yuan to help Lou's grandson Huang Da, Bao and others.

Respect individuality and return to nature (1) Du was conquered by the imperial court, so he took risks. He first comity Anhui governor Li Da, and later died of illness in Tianchang county magistrate Deng Da. The reason for his refusal is that "the nature of elk is accustomed to the wild", and elk is just a four-elephant. This means that he is used to being as free as the four elephants, and he insists on not being bound by the court. After resigning, he said happily that he would "start from now on". ② When I first moved to Qinhuai River House, there was a very free atmosphere when I got together with my friends: "When I opened the window of the River House, all the guests would sit together, or watch the water against the railing, or chat over tea, or read according to the case, or sit at my desk and help themselves"; (3) "I don't like people calling him a master", and I don't pretend to be a master. I make a guest appearance at home as an ancestor, and always "monks, Taoist priests, craftsmen and hanako are all close friends".

Related stories: booze, selling land to help others, and couples traveling hand in hand.

Typical plot:

(1) Gao Peng booze.

Du is very polite to Grandfather Weiss and Grandfather House. Even the actor's bag was warmly received. He even made new clothes on the spot to help tailor Yang arrange his mother's funeral. He also took out nine-year-old wine and got drunk with his relatives and friends.

Character image:

Du: Help the needy and be charitable.

(2) Couples join hands.

After Du moved to Nanjing, many friends came to visit. Master Du's favorite pupil, Li Da, wants to recommend Du as an official, but Du doesn't want to be bound by officialdom and pretend to be ill. Due to the beautiful scenery in the past few days, Du took his wife out to play, and after getting drunk, he went up the mountain hand in hand with his wife, causing everyone to watch.

Character image: respect women, natural and free and easy.