What are the main agricultural disastrous weather affecting China?

These are the main agricultural disaster weather affecting our country.

Rainstorm and flood

There is no basin flood disaster in spring and summer, but rainstorm and flood occur frequently and widely. Sichuan Basin, Jiangnan, South China and North China were seriously affected, and the disasters were mainly waterlogging caused by heavy precipitation.

20 12 At the beginning of March, heavy rainfall occurred in Jiangnan and South China, and heavy rain occurred in 60 counties and cities in Jiangxi. From April to May, there were 1 1 times of heavy rainfall in the south of the Yangtze River and South China, which caused some early rice fields or low-lying farmland to be flooded or washed away, and the aquaculture areas were flooded and dams were broken. It also damages the growth and development of some crops such as rice, corn, flue-cured tobacco, rape and vegetables. Among them, some rainstorm areas in Jiangnan, South China, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places overlap with the previous heavy rainfall areas, resulting in repeated disasters.

Since the flood season, the rainfall in the north is obviously more than normal. Among them, on July 2 1-22, a rare rainstorm occurred in northern North China, which caused some farmland to suffer from floods, and the wet waterlogging was serious. Corn and other tall crops fell and flooded, and 348,000 hectares of crops in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei were affected. Since the flood season in the south, there have been many heavy rainfall processes. In late June, Jiangxi, Hunan and other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) experienced heavy rainfall, which affected 583 thousand hectares of crops. In July, there were three heavy rains in Sichuan Basin, which caused serious floods in autumn harvest crops in some agricultural areas. In mid-July, there was a heavy rainstorm in the north-central part of the south of the Yangtze River, which caused some farmland soil to be too wet and waterlogged, which adversely affected early rice filling maturity, harvesting and drying, and late rice seedling raising.

In addition, the winter precipitation in western Xinjiang and Tianshan mountain areas is 50% to 3 times higher than normal. In the middle and late March, the temperature rose rapidly and the melting speed of snow accelerated, resulting in snowmelt floods in some areas of Urumqi and Yili, some wheat fields were flooded, vegetable greenhouses and livestock sheds collapsed, and young animals died.

Continuous rain

In the south, the rainy weather lasts for a long time in spring, and the protected agriculture and cash crops are seriously affected; In the critical period of the formation of summer grain output in the southwest and east, even rainy weather is on the side.

20 12, 12 10 to mid-March, the Jianghuai, Jianghan, Jiangnan, most of South China and the eastern part of Southwest China continued to suffer from low temperature and rainy weather, and protected agriculture and cash crops were seriously affected. Low temperature and insufficient sunshine also caused the development period of winter wheat and rape to be generally delayed; The sowing progress of early rice in western and northern South China is slow, and the growth of seedlings is weak. At the same time, the rainy weather also caused some farmland soil to be too wet and waterlogged, and the direct sowing and late sowing rapeseed grew more and had fewer branches. Persistent rainy and humid weather also induced the occurrence and development of wheat Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, wheat stripe rust and rape downy mildew in some areas of Jiangxi and Hubei.

From late May to mid-July, the continuous rainy weather in the eastern part of southwest China led to the increase of ineffective tillers and the postponement of the growth period of one-season rice. Corn is the most affected. Lack of rain and sunshine can also lead to corn borer, rice blast and sheath blight.

plant diseases and insect pests

Migratory pests and moisture-loving pests are prone to occur; The northern armyworm appeared explosive damage, and the southern rice planthopper moved in early, with more insect mouths.

In the winter of 20 1 1 2012, the temperature in the southeast of northwest China was higher, and there was more rain in the east of southwest China. Wheat stripe rust propagated smoothly in winter, and the bacterial source base was higher than 2011year. From mid-April, late April to early May, rainy weather occurred in southern Jianghan and southern Jianghuai, which led to scab and affected the quality of winter wheat. From late April to May, most of the northern winter wheat areas are hot and rainy, and the occurrence areas of wheat aphids are large in Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong, Hebei and Gansu.

In the southern rice-growing areas, there is a lot of precipitation from April to June, and there is almost no high temperature for a few days. The "second migration" pests of rice planthopper and rice leaf roller moved in early, with many peaks and high insect population. Rice planthopper is more likely to occur in rice planting areas such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi.

Since July, the precipitation in Northeast China and North China has been frequent, and the meteorological conditions with moderate temperature, rain and humidity have promoted the centralized migration and spread of armyworms, which has led to the occurrence of three generations of armyworms in Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Beijing and Tianjin, and the severity of the damage is rare in recent ten years. In addition, suitable meteorological conditions of temperature and humidity also caused potato late blight to occur in parts of Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and other provinces (regions).

typhoon

There are a large number of typhoons landing in China in summer, with concentrated landing time and wide influence.

As of the end of August, seven typhoons have landed in China, and strong winds and heavy rains have caused certain losses to agriculture and fishery production in coastal areas.

In late July, "Vicente" brought strong winds and heavy rains to south-central South China, and 62,000 hectares of crops in Guangdong were affected. Typhoons "Sura", "David" and? "Anemones" landed one after another, causing some farmland in the southeastern part of Northeast China, northeastern part of North China, eastern Huanghuai, central and southern Jianghuai, central and eastern Jiangnan, eastern and southern South China, and southern Southwest China to suffer floods and some farmland was washed away; Heavy precipitation also caused fish ponds to overflow, the water quality deteriorated, the mortality rate of fish, shrimp and crabs increased, and the aquaculture lost a lot. Strong winds caused corn, rice, cotton, etc. to fall, protected vegetables, livestock and poultry greenhouses collapsed and were damaged, and fruit trees broke branches and dropped fruits.

In addition, the strong winds and heavy rainfall brought by "Teli", "Kanu" and "Blavin" also have a great impact on agriculture and fishery production. Among them, "Lee Tae" affected 3.9 thousand hectares of crops in six cities/0/3 counties (autonomous regions and municipalities) such as Fuzhou, Nanping, Sanming, Zhangzhou and Longyan in Fujian Province. "Blavin" has the greatest influence on Northeast China.

Agricultural drought

Agricultural drought is small in scope, strong in locality and light in harm. Huanghuai in North China has a short drought in early summer; Although the winter and spring drought in southern Sichuan and northern Yunnan lasts for a long time, the drought scope and influence are less than 20 10, which belongs to abnormal drought.

20 1 1, 1 to 2065438+2,065438+2,000. In southern Sichuan and most parts of Yunnan, the temperature is relatively high, the precipitation is less, the soil moisture content continues to decline, and the water storage of reservoirs and ponds is seriously insufficient. From spring to early May, the precipitation in southern Sichuan and northern Yunnan is less than 50 mm, which is 30% ~ 80% less than normal. The drought continues to develop, and the yield formation of winter wheat and rape in areas without irrigation conditions is greatly affected.

The precipitation in southern North China, Huanghuai, northern Jianghuai and other places in late May-June is 50-90% less than normal, and the temperature is high 1-2℃. High temperature and lack of rainfall led to mild to moderate agricultural drought in most of the above areas, which affected the filling and milk ripening of winter wheat in some areas, and the summer sowing crops lacked seedlings and broken ridges.

high-temperature

Since the beginning of summer, high temperature weather has appeared in many places in the south of the Yangtze River, but it is mostly intermittent and has a light impact.

From the end of June to mid-August, staged high temperature weather occurred in eastern Xinjiang and most of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and some early rice in Jiangxi and Hunan suffered from mild to moderate high temperature damage, resulting in shortened filling period, premature senescence of plants, insufficient grain filling, more empty grains and shriveled grains, and more cotton buds and bolls falling off. 20 ~ 40 days of high temperature weather in eastern Xinjiang has adversely affected the production of some cotton, vegetables and melons, resulting in the decline of quality and resistance and the breeding of pests and diseases.

In the first ten days of August, the continuous high temperature weather of 10 ~ 19 days occurred in the northeast of Sichuan basin and Chongqing, and "high temperature forced ripening" occurred in some areas, which also caused drought in some parts of central Chongqing.

low temperature

There is a staged low temperature in the northeast, which has a prominent impact on rice.

In early June, there was an obvious low temperature period in the south-central part of Northeast China, which caused some tillers of one-season rice to stop, affected the formation of effective tillers, and obviously delayed the development process. On July 22 19-22, staged low temperature appeared again in eastern Jilin, and rice suffered from barrier chilling injury. On July 20, the average daily temperature in most parts of Yanbian Prefecture was as low as 65438 04℃, which adversely affected the differentiation of young panicles of rice.

Freezing injury, freezing injury and snowstorm

In some parts of southern China, low temperature chilling injury and freezing injury occurred in winter, and the scope and degree of influence were not as good as those caused by abnormal low temperature rain, snow and freezing in 2008. The snowstorm in northern pastoral areas is generally light.

201165438+February, a frost disaster occurred in northeast Guangxi. From 20 12 to12 in June, there were two large-scale low-temperature rain, snow and freezing weather in the south, and crops such as rape and open-field vegetables suffered frost and freezing, and rubber, coffee and bananas in parts of southwest Yunnan also suffered from low-temperature chilling injury. The low temperature days in central and northern South China reached 5-9 days, and sugarcane and undeveloped bananas suffered from mild to moderate chilling injury. The chilling injury caused the potato to freeze and the tomato fruit to crack, which also affected some livestock and aquaculture.

Heavy snowstorms occurred in parts of the north-central part of the south of the Yangtze River at the end of June at 5438+ 10, and in Anhui, Hunan, Zhejiang and other provinces, some greenhouses collapsed and rapeseed was cut off.

2011165438+February, there was a strong cooling and snowfall in Zhangye, Gansu. ? From 20 12 to1June, the snow depth in the central part of Hulunbeier City and the western part of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia reached 5-20 cm, causing moderate to severe white disasters.

In October1February, there were three obvious snowfalls in Xinjiang, and the snow depth reached 15 ~ 50 cm in some areas such as Yili and Kizilsu Hok. Heavy snow and strong winds occurred in 12 county in the south of Shigatse area in Tibet and Ritu and Pulan counties in Ali area. The depth of snow in Hulunbeier City of Inner Mongolia and Aershan of Xing 'an League led to the collapse of sheds in some pastoral areas, the trapping of livestock, the shortage of feed, and the loss or death of livestock; Some facilities collapsed, the shed film was damaged and vegetables froze to death. In addition, on February 22-23, moderate to heavy snow occurred in Liaoning, most of Jilin and southeastern Heilongjiang, and heavy snow appeared in Changchun and Shuangyang of Jilin, which affected the production of protected agriculture.

Low temperature and freezing weather continued in the southeast of Qinghai, in which Gande, Zaduo, Henan and other counties suffered moderate snowstorms. ? On March 2-7, there was an obvious snowfall in Northeast China, in which the local precipitation in southeastern Jilin and Liaoning was10 ~ 23mm. In some areas, there was a light to severe snowstorm, the facilities shed collapsed and vegetables froze to death. ?

Strong winds and hail

The gale and hail disaster has a wide range, but the overall impact is light.

At the beginning of March, windy weather appeared from west to east in the northwest, Inner Mongolia, North China to Huanghuai, and windy and dusty weather appeared in parts of northwest, northern North China and northeast China at the end of the month. In April, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia were hit by strong sandstorms, and strong winds of magnitude 7 or above in Turpan, Xinjiang lasted for 22 hours, causing damage to crops in vegetable greenhouses and greenhouses, collapse of livestock pens and damage to cotton mulch.

Since the spring, strong convective weather has been increasing. In April, there were six obvious strong convective weather processes in southern China, and several short-term strong winds and hail occurred in Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian and Guizhou, which had a certain adverse impact on rape flowering and pod setting, early rice and tobacco seedling growth, greenhouse facility agriculture and so on. The affected area of crops is about190,000 hectares.

From May to August, many provinces (cities, districts) in China suffered from wind and hail disasters. Among them, Jilin, Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Hebei, Shanxi, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces were seriously affected, and some areas were repeatedly affected. Winter wheat, spring wheat, spring corn, cotton, fruit trees, vegetables, etc. Suffering from machinery. ?