Development status of grain drying

Timely drying and safe storage "is the last key link of the whole grain production mechanization." At the same time, effective drying treatment is of great significance for high yield of grain, improving production efficiency and improving processing quality. In recent years, the development momentum of mechanized drying in Anhui Province is strong. At present, the number of dryers in the province has reached 6.5438+0.38 million, with a drying capacity of 552,000 tons, ranking second in the country, second only to Jiangsu. Recently, Anhui Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized personnel to carry out an investigation on the current situation of grain drying mechanization. The relevant information is as follows:

First, the main characteristics of the development of mechanized grain drying in Anhui Province

1. There is a strong demand for grain drying, and the number of dryers increases rapidly. Anhui Province began to popularize grain dryers in 1990s. In 2006, the dryer was included in the list of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, which mobilized farmers' purchasing enthusiasm. With the expansion of agricultural production and operation scale, the improvement of mechanized harvest level and the concentration of harvest period, people's requirements for grain quality have increased, and the demand for mechanized grain drying has become more and more vigorous. After 20 1 1 year, the number of dryers increased at the rate of more than 1000 per year, and the average annual growth rate of 20 16 and 20 17 exceeded 3000. Under normal weather conditions, the problem of insufficient drying can be basically solved, but in the case of continuous rainy weather, the drying capacity can not meet the demand.

2. The regional distribution of dryers is uneven, mainly concentrated in rice and wheat producing areas. In the demand of developing mechanized drying, climate condition is the most important factor at present. In the rice and wheat producing areas of Anhui Province, the probability of rainy weather at harvest is high, the investment payback period of grain drying equipment is short, and the enthusiasm for popularization and application is high. According to statistics, the top five dryers in 20 18 were Lu 'an 1889, Chuzhou 1599, Wuhu 1556, Bengbu 1427 and Hefei 1409. The last five are: Huaibei 34, Huangshan 70, Suzhou 166, Bozhou 183 and Fuyang 358. The mechanized drying of grain in Anhui shows a trend of sustained and rapid growth in demand in Jianghuai rice and wheat producing areas.

3. Buyers are mainly cooperatives, large grain growers and large processors, and dryers with batch processing capacity of 10-30 tons are the most popular. From the point of view of purchasing groups, cooperatives, large grain growers and large grain processors are the main buyers of dryers for personal use and social services. According to statistics, in 20 18, the province subsidized 545 circulating grain dryers with batch size of 10-20 tons, 4 circulating grain dryers with batch size of 20-30 tons, 366 circulating grain dryers with batch size of 30 tons and above, and 4-65438 circulating grain dryers/. Among them, dryers with batch capacity of 10-30 tons account for more than 70%, which is the most popular among Anhui users. The field investigation found that mechanized drying showed a trend of specialization. Some large households with large land circulation and large orders began to buy 15-30 tons of dryers in bulk, and more than 10 dryers were needed to operate 10 thousand mu of land. For example, Li Houlin, a farmer in Xihu Township, Huoqiu County, has bought 44 sets. This year, he also ordered 22 dryers with a batch capacity of 30 tons.

Dryer manufacturers in this province have sprung up suddenly, occupying a large share of the national market. In recent years, dryer manufacturers in Anhui Province have sprung up everywhere, accounting for nearly 60% of the national market share. At present, there are 57 manufacturers of dryers in the province, and the top four producers are Zhonglian, Zhengyang, Suk Kim and Chenyu. Their products cover the grain-producing areas of China and are exported to many countries, among which Chenyu has the largest export volume. In recent years, Lu 'an City has promoted the development of dryer industry. There are 10 dryer manufacturers in the city, and nearly 4,000 dryers were produced in 20 18, accounting for nearly12 of the province's output. In the 20 18 quality survey report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the quality of the dryers produced by Lu 'an Chenyu and Zhengyang ranked second and fourth respectively. Agricultural machinery purchase subsidy is the most important driving force for the development of mechanized drying in Anhui in recent years. According to statistics, in 20 18, the province * * * subsidized all kinds of grain dryers 1368, and 38 enterprises in the province applied for subsidies, subsidizing 1 176, accounting for 85.96% of the total subsidies for grain dryers; The use of subsidy funds is 46.3429 million yuan, accounting for 82.29% of the total subsidy funds for grain drying machinery. Dryers produced by enterprises in Anhui Province are the absolute main force of mechanized drying operations in Anhui Province.

Second, the existing problems

1. The land for drying equipment is difficult to solve. Grain drying facilities occupy a large area, and a set of dryers (3 sets) needs to occupy about 1000 square meters. Although the relevant documents include the land for drying machinery in the scope of agricultural facilities, the conversion procedures are complicated, which makes it difficult to implement the land for grain drying machinery and facilities. In particular, some farmers who do not engage in large-scale grain production and only provide grain drying services cannot be approved for facility agricultural land according to regulations. The difficulty of land use has become the first big problem that restricts the development of drying mechanization.

2. The high requirement of environmental protection increases the drying cost. Because of the low cost of coal, most of the heat sources used in dryers in the past were coal. With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the use of coal is prohibited in many areas, and the use cost is greatly increased. First, the previously purchased equipment needs to be modified or new equipment needs to be purchased; Second, the cost of machinery manufacturing and installation has increased after environmental protection transformation; Third, energy sources that meet the requirements of environmental protection, such as natural gas, electricity and biomass, are expensive, and the use of natural gas and electricity also requires high account opening fees. These costs are beyond the reach of dryer users.

3. One-time investment is high. The one-time investment of grain drying operation is high, which requires not only the purchase of drying equipment, but also related supporting facilities. According to estimates, the construction of a medium-sized grain drying center requires an investment of about 2 million yuan, including 700,000 yuan for the purchase of drying machinery (financial subsidy shall not exceed 30%) and 0.3 million yuan for the construction of drying supporting facilities (including civil facilities, sheds, combustion furnaces, grain unloading and quality upgrading facilities, etc.). The purchasing power of cooperatives and large grain growers is limited, so it is difficult to invest in the construction of drying centers.

4. Falling food prices affect purchasing power. Since 20 17, grain prices have fallen sharply, and some large grain growers and grain drying centers built by grain cooperatives have suffered large-scale losses. On the one hand, it makes other prospective customers give up buying ideas and take a wait-and-see attitude; On the other hand, old customers who are ready to expand are also discouraged. If food prices continue to be depressed, it may lead to a decline in the overall sales of the dryer industry.

5. The vicious competition in the dryer market is serious. Due to the considerable profit of dryer, the manufacturing technology is not difficult, and the entry threshold is not high, which leads to the phenomenon that production enterprises rush headlong into it and copy each other seriously. The product quality of some enterprises is not up to standard, the service life of the machine is short and the drying is uneven. At the same time, there is vicious competition among enterprises, especially the price war, which has affected the healthy development of the whole industry by winning the bid at a low price in government project bidding.

Third, some suggestions.

From the point of view of resisting natural risks and ensuring food security, it is necessary for the market and the government to make joint efforts to comprehensively improve the drying and covering capacity of the main grain producing areas in Anhui to ensure the emergency drying needs in the face of sudden abnormal climate. It is suggested to strengthen policy innovation and overall planning, solve outstanding problems in the development of grain drying mechanization, and consolidate and enhance the comprehensive grain production capacity.

1. Incorporate drying capacity building into the emergency management system. Give full play to the strategic reserve role of drying machinery, and explore the government purchase service and emergency compensation mechanism for grain machine drying operation in disaster weather. It is suggested that according to the grain planting area and farmers' needs, the service radius of grain drying should be rationally planned and arranged, and drying in producing areas should be advocated to prevent rushing headlong into it.

2 to ensure that the grain drying machinery and equipment construction land. It is suggested that the land department should implement the relevant policies on agricultural land, include the land for grain drying machinery and equipment in the category of protective agricultural land, and speed up the examination and approval process. At the same time, actively revitalize the agricultural stock land and make full use of abandoned schools, township enterprises and office space. Build a drying center.

3. Support the transformation and upgrading of dryer production enterprises. Relying on the first-Mover advantage of Anhui dryer industry, optimize the industrial structure layout of dryer equipment, integrate resources, build regional industrial parks, and build drying machinery industrial clusters. Give financial support to qualified production enterprises.