Please write the following full poem, and write its author and year (indicate the serial number):

1. Du Fu's "Spring Hope": "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation is spring. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. I stroke my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "

2. Li Qingzhao's "Summer quatrains": "Life is a hero and death is a ghost. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. "

3. Fan Chengda's "State Bridge": "The north and south of the State Bridge are Tianjie, and the elders wait for the ride home year after year. He asked the messenger in tears, "When will the Sixth Army really come?" "

4. Lin Sheng's "Lin 'an Mansion Title": "When will the West Lake dance stop? ".Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou Bianzhou. "

5. Lu You's "Shizi": "When you die, everything is empty, and you are sad to see Kyushu. Julian Waghann set the Central Plains Day in the north, and the family sacrifice did not forget to tell Nai Weng. "

6. Lu You's "Feeling Dawn at the Fence to Meet the Cold Autumn Night": "There are three people in the east of Wan Li, and 5,000 people are still climbing skyscrapers. The tears of the adherents are exhausted in the dust and I hope that Julian Waghann will grow for another year. "

7. Wen Tianxiang's Crossing the Zero Ocean: "Once you encounter hard work, there are few stars around you. The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs. The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean. Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a glowing heart. "

8. Yu Qian's Ode to Lime: "A thousand hammers cut out a deep mountain, and if the fire burns idle. I am not afraid of being smashed, I want to remain innocent in the world. "

9. Gong Zizhen's "Ji Hai Miscellaneous Poems" (the fifth song): "The mighty sorrow of the sun is slanting, and the whip refers to the end of the world. Falling red is not heartless, but turning into spring mud is more protective. "

10. The original meaning of reading is round-Song, "Reading"

1 1. I didn't know everything was empty until I died, but I was sad to see Kyushu. Set the Central Plains Day in the North, and don't forget to tell Weng about the family sacrifice —— Song Shi Zi

12. The adherents shed tears and dust, looking south for another year-Song's "Autumn Night Fenmen Xiao Si".

13. Although the Chu clan can resist Qin, how can they have a free country? -Song Lu You's A Trip to Jin Cuodao.

14. There is an oath in the depths of the sea, wishing to make China the "Li Er" of Lu Chen-Zheng Song Xiao Si.

15. Take a long breath, hide your tears and lament the hardships of the people's lives-Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" in Chu Ci of the Warring States Period

Peony became a valuable ornamental flower, which began in Sui Dynasty and flourished in Tang Dynasty. "Only the peony is the real national color, and the flowers bloom in Beijing." (Liu Yuxi's "Appreciating Peony") In the Tang Dynasty, peony was praised as the "national flower" and won the love of the people of the Tang Dynasty for its national color and fragrance. According to incomplete statistics, the Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty alone contains more than 50 peonies' 100 poems by more than 50 writers. These poems have made great achievements in ideology and artistry, enriching and developing the creation of poems about objects in China.

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"Mountain climbing is full of emotion, while watching the sea is full of meaning." (Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long: Thinking") From the time when the peony was in bud, poets began to write, "Although the green shoots have sparse leaflets, your feelings are more than enough." (Sun Fu's "Unexposed Peony") Express his love for peony, and describe the customs and habits of the Tang Dynasty society and all kinds of flower viewing. "Looking at the sunshine, Mufeng blew off the fence." The shelves of poems and books were covered with dust, and no one looked up all day. "(Xu Yin's" Under Two Peony Flowers ") Even the favorite poetry books in peacetime have to be accompanied by dust. In the poems chanting peony in Tang Dynasty, poems were used to answer friends' questions about peony flowers, and some poems described peony as

Potato chips are people's farewell dinner ... "Build steps for loving the red Jiang Fanghe and teach people to paint the future on the fan." Luo Yin also wrote a poem "Painting Peony on a Fan". Even so, poets still feel that they have not fully expressed their love for flowers. Sun Fu wrote another poem, Peony in the Back, expressing their feelings of parting. In the poet's pen, peony flowers have various charms.

However, the poets in the Tang Dynasty were not completely intoxicated with the beauty of peony flowers. Through the superficial phenomenon of peony prosperity, they keenly discovered the hidden social problems and expressed their sympathy for the poor life of working people through poems. This is the most thoughtful poem about peony in Tang Dynasty, and Qin Zhongyin's tenth poem Bai Juyi's Buy Flowers can be taken as a representative. Its poem cloud:

The imperial city withered in spring, and it was noisy.

* * * If you say peony, you will buy flowers with you.

The price is uncertain, and the number of flowers is rewarded directly.

Burn a hundred red flowers and press five bundles of vegetarian food.

Hang a curtain on it and weave a fence next to it.

Sprinkle water and seal it with mud, and the color will not change.

There is an Weng who comes to buy flowers occasionally.

Bow your head and sigh alone. No one knows this sigh.

A bunch of dark flowers, ten people bless!

/kloc-at the age of 0/7, Li Shangyin was recognized as a literary talent by Linghu Chu and was hired as an official in Linghu Chu's shogunate. He was instructed by Ling Huchu and learned to write letters. At this time, Li Shangyin was proud of his life and was in his prime. Seeing the peony in full bloom, he thought of Linghu Chu's cultivation and wrote a seven-rhyme poem "Peony":

At the beginning of the cotton-padded jacket, embroidery was piled up over the king of Hubei.

He put down his hand to carve Yu Pei and bent down to dance the Yujin skirt.

Have you ever cut out fashionable candles and smoked incense burners?

I am a colored pen in my dream, and I want to send a book to the cloud.

One is the story of Confucius meeting Nanzi. In Dian lue, "Madam wears a brocade robe, while Confucius keeps his head in the north. My wife worships the robe again. " The second sentence uses the allusion "Shuo Yuan" of E-Jun's boating: "E-Jun is the one who repairs his clothes, hugs it when he walks, and takes it from his embroidered quilt." Connect the blooming peony with these historical allusions, and use the characters in these historical allusions to express the impression of delicate peony in green leaves, which shows that the charm of peony causes readers to think beautifully. He Chao commented: "It is not enough to be a peony, but it is full of life." (See the notes on Li Yishan's Poems by Shen Hou.)

Three or four sentences compare peony to a woman who is good at dancing. When dancing, she reached out to Yu Pei, and when she turned around, her long skirt fluttered. See the classic "Mrs. Qi is good at dancing and her sleeves are bent" in Miscellanies of Xijing. These two sentences describe peony swaying in the spring breeze, which is very vivid. The five or six lines in the poem borrowed the story of Shi Lun cooking with candles in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, and the story of Xiangyang. Liu Ji and he said, "Xun went to someone else's house and sat there for three days." Describe the luster and fragrance of peony when it is open, which gives people a strong feeling. The last two poems use the allusions of Wubi in Jiang Yan's dream and Wushan Goddess to express the admiration and cultivation of fox hunter Chu and his gratitude to fox hunter Chu, express the poet's yearning for love and add infinite charm to peony. Ji Yun said, "Eight sentences and eight things, but they are full of enthusiasm, and they are useless. It is a great force! " The advantages of this poem lie in the development of practical branches, the vivid use of dead poems, the rich expression of thoughts and poems, and the display of Li Shangyin's talents.

Not long after, Wang Maoyuan, the messenger of Li Deyu Party member Heyang, became a minister because he admired Li Shangyin's talent and married his daughter to him. From then on, Li Shangyin lived in the crevice of party struggle, and never had the happy mood of Shang Huashi in the past. In the late spring of three years in Tang Wenzong, Li Shangyin took the exam in Chang 'an. He left Chang 'an, retraced his steps and crossed the middle. (now Zengnei, Guyuan, Gansu) He lived in the anti-brigade, and it happened to be raining bitterly. As soon as the peony in the yard opened, it was blown down by a storm. The poet recalled the past, touched the scene and expressed his life experience with peony, and wrote the famous "Two Peony Trees Rain".

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One of them in Qujiang's forest park doesn't recall previous years, but suddenly hopes for each other today in New Jersey.

The waterside pavilion, pavilions, the sound of rain and spring still exist, and the silk plate is spring, although it is warm, people don't feel it.

Butterfly dances frequently pick up the fallen buds, and the beauty lies far away.

Fang Fei's companion appeared in Zhangtai Street and asked Gong Yao to donate some.

Looking back at the flowers in Beijing in those days, it's a pity that the peony in the rain has come, pavilions and pavilions, slightly cold. Compared with peony, the poet thinks of frustrated relatives and friends from his own decline, sees the big because of the small, and places his hopes in the distance.

Secondly,

Pomegranate flowers are not as ripe as spring.

Its corolla is like a white jade plate, with tears splashing and sadness repeatedly; Ruthless wind and rain are like sad guzheng, string string, broken dream.

Wanli is gloomy and not old, and a year of business is dusty.

If you look back after one last dance, you will feel the beauty of peony in the wind and rain.

This poem has fallen from its own origin to a writing style that is rejected by others. At the beginning of the poem, put aside peony and write pomegranate flowers first. Because pomegranate blooms late and can't catch up with spring, some people laugh at it inexplicably, but I know better those who bloom early and set early. Three sentences say that flowers contain rain, and four sentences say that rain hits flowers, and hope becomes empty. How clear! The peony was defeated by the rain, and Wan Li was overcast, but not old, and it was destroyed in a spring of anger. These words, from the scattered peony to the change of the whole personnel, push people's sorrow to the peak. At the end of the poem, on the other hand, they say that it will rain in the future and the peony will fall. Looking back now, it is still beautiful and moving. The implication is that today's dispersion is nothing, and his destruction that year will be far greater than today. The whole poem expresses ambition, writes scenery and expresses emotion, from which we can easily see the poet's infinite feelings after being hit by politics.

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As a poetic style, object-chanting poetry has a long history. Nan Zhou, the first article in The Book of Songs, was inspired by "mourning for pigeons", while Li Sao, Songs of the South, expressed the yearning for Lan Zhi and feelings for Hui Quan. During the Western Han Dynasty and the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, poems with material propositions appeared. When poetry reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty, the poems about objects also became rich and magnificent.

More than 50 authors of peony poems in the Tang Dynasty mostly belong to poets after the middle Tang Dynasty. Influenced by the New Yuefu Movement, they inherited the fine tradition of chanting things in The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, and showed a realistic tendency in their creation.

People in the Tang Dynasty chanted peonies, leaving us with a series of vivid images. The image of the working people, represented by Weng in Bai Juyi's Flowers, became a typical image group among the poets in the Tang Dynasty and remained indelibly in our memory. The images of flower-worshippers in flower-chanting and lyric works are different because the objects of flower-chanting are peony flowers. "Look, all the flowers are no better than some flowers. Cut them and dip them in cinnabar." (Xu Yin's One of Two Peony Poems) Only by looking at the flowers, can we feel the vividness and uniqueness of this image. "I would rather carry a pot into a drunken hometown" (Duan Ying's "Niu Jingshi's Home Watching Peony") This is a flower-viewing person with a bold personality; There is no need for complicated strings and songs, and there is more emotion in silence. "(Wu Rong's Red and White Peony) This is an introverted anthomaniac. Some people describe the flower watcher from different angles. "When it's sunny, it's better to watch flowers hand in hand in the rain." (Dou Liangbin, "Looking at Peony in the Rain") This is to enjoy flowers in the rain; "High and low shades of a column of red, fire around the dew. "(See Peony at Night) This is a night to enjoy flowers, so that" I just want to put a pillow by the bar and talk about homesickness at night. " (Xue Neng's "Three Peony Poems"), its image is vividly on the paper. The more fully described the author's fascination with the flower watcher, the more prominent this image is in the poem. There is also a description of the psychological changes of flower lovers, which will make the characters' images and expressions vivid. There is a poem by Wang Jian: Peony in Rental House;

On the premise of leasing, I think that peony is full of flowers, which is the realization of fairies!

Purple flowers are plump, even and delicate, and bright red flowers return the beautiful face shamefully.

I hope the wind will stop, but I'm worried about the scorching sun.

Unfortunately, the flowering period has passed, the petals have withered, and incense and flame are about to burn.

The whole poem describes in detail a series of psychological changes of flower watchers: "It is a demon to be afraid of opening when you are new here". Maybe it's the first time to see peony in full bloom in a rented house! It caused a feeling of surprise and fear, and even worried that this was a rare thing. "The powder is purple and greasy, and the meat color is red and tender." The beautiful peony finally intoxicated him and immersed him in joy, so he deeply hoped that the spring breeze would keep it and the scorching sun would not scorch it. However, the flowers bloom and fall, and the flowers have gone and fallen. I pity and urge him to collect the residual flowers as incense, and I am reluctant to part with them. A series of psychological descriptions are very delicate, and the characters are lifelike, which has a strong artistic appeal. The images of flower lovers in lyric poems are mostly the reappearance of the poet's self-image, so we can feel the pulse of the poet's thoughts and feelings from these poems and see the ability of Tang people to capture the images in peony poems.

There are many artistic features in the works of chanting peony in Tang Dynasty. The charm of peony flowers aroused the poet's rich imagination, such as describing white and purple peony "white jade is not moist, purple ganoderma lucidum is unlucky"; (Sun Fu's Peony Bieti) Describe the fragrance of peony "Ruikanling, Xuxiangbai"; (Xu Yin's "He Fu Shoots Twenty-four Peony Eight Rhymes") describes the late stage and falling flowers of peony flowers. "The days of blooming will be eclipsed, and it will be sad when it falls"; (Don Peony) Virtual wings travel thousands of miles, Wan Li, heaven and earth. In order to describe peony, the poet used bold and exaggerated techniques:

The dragon in the rainy night is very charming, and the husband and spring breeze are very fragrant.

-Xu Yin's "Yi Yun and Shangshu Give Peony Flowers Again"

It is futile to be jealous of peony, but you are ashamed to kill roses.

-Xu Ning's "Peony in Kaiyuan Temple"

These exaggerated descriptions set off the appearance of peony.

Strangely, Lin Xia is laying bricks or stones, but some people suspect that candles are coming out. Walking around is amazing, sitting around is amazing.

-Yao He "Calling Peony with Wang Dong"

Jade account stays in the sky, and Yao and Taiwan stay in the sky.

-Miracle wrote "Peony in Nanping Back Garden".

These are exaggerated descriptions of Shang Huashi. At the same time, when chanting peony, the poem also used various ingenious personification techniques from the beginning.

I want to laugh, but there is a song.

-The second article of Two Peony Poems

Jin Rui Xia Ying duo Caixiang, the first suspected girl to walk out of the blue room.

-Zhou Yao's "Looking at Peony"

These are anthropomorphic statements that describe peony as a beautiful woman. There is also a clever anthropomorphic technique, which is associated with the characters in historical legends and depicts the beauty of peony.

Chop Chu female facing the clouds, jathyapple, Zangetsu.

-Xu Yin's "Chasing White Scheerers and Singing Bai Mudan"

The cut is easterly, as light as the makeup of the calligraphy.

-Yin Wengui, "Assistant Minister Zhao looks at the red and white peony and praises it. "

Song Yu's cheeks are tender, and Wen Jun cotton is cut first.

-Xu Yin's "Recalling Peony"

It was even more blinded by smoke, and the beauty of the south China was sobbing.

-Tang "Peony"

These personification techniques are linked with the characters in historical legends, creating a beautiful realm and inspiring readers' rich imagination.

When poets use various artistic techniques to describe peony, they don't just use a certain artistic technique, but synthesize various artistic techniques to describe the beauty of peony in many ways and in many ways, thus conveying the poet's thoughts and feelings. In order to illustrate the application of various artistic techniques in chanting peony, we made a general classification. In fact, rich imagination should be realized through bold exaggeration and clever personification, and bold exaggeration includes clever personification, and clever personification also includes bold exaggeration, which are almost inseparable. Bai Juyi's Peony Square is a good example. Its poem says:

Peony Square, Peony Square, Golden Flower Ruby Room.

A thousand pieces of red Xia Yingming and a hundred crimson lights are bright.

According to the ground, the splendid satin blooms, and the wind doesn't knot the blue musk sac.

Fairy trees are white and colorless, and the peach blossoms of the Queen Mother are small and not fragrant.

Dewdrops are purple, and the morning glow is red.

There are shades of red and purple, and the back is always very low

Ying Ye is sentimental and ashamed, and lying in the flowers is hard to make up.

Doubt covers your mouth, resentment and low charming smile, such as heartbroken.

Rich and expensive multimedia messages are brilliant and colorful, and they are unparalleled.

Dianthus money is fine, and hibiscus peony is bitter. ...

In Bai Juyi's works, rich imagination, bold exaggeration, clever personification and so on. All kinds of artistic techniques are combined in one furnace, which makes this poem like a Chinese painting, freehand brushwork, showing the charm of peony flowers and giving people an immersive feeling.

The language of peony poems in Tang Dynasty is mainly simple and fluent, like Bai Juyi's poem "Deep meaning and shallow words, bitter thoughts and sweet words." (Yuan Mei) His poem "Buy Flowers" is aimed at "I want to see Yu Yi (Bai Juyi) and I am approachable." The language of other poets' peony poems also shows this feature. For example, Ling Huchu has a poem "Go to Du Dong to bid farewell to peony"

I haven't seen yard flowers for ten years, and the purple calyx has left home.

Get on the horse and go out and look back. When will we arrive in Beijing?

The language is simple and clear, such as words, love in flowers, and the meaning of parting overflows the poem. Liu Yuxi also wrote a poem "Farewell Peony Flowers to Linghu Chu"

A column of flowers in Pingzhang House was not at home when it arrived.

Modaoxi is not far away, and spring comes to the horizon.

It is also shallow and smooth, and farewell contains profound meaning. Reading the two poems together is as homely as usual, but it also contains deep feelings. Use line drawing to create a beautiful realm with deep feelings and vivid words. It is precisely because of the smooth surface of this language that poets use line drawing more often, and with a few strokes, they draw a vivid picture, which contains endless meanings outside the poem. Xu Ning has a poem "Peony":

Whoever doesn't love peony flowers is the best thing in the city.

English is the goddess of Luochuan, who tries her best to break the morning glow.

There are allusions, imagination, exaggeration and personification in the poem, but the language of the poem is very smooth and vivid. It is catchy to read, and with the help of line drawing, you can naturally see the real chapter, which is refreshing. And the list goes on. Simple and fluent language makes poetry easy to sing, remember and spread. Li Zhengfeng, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, has two poems describing peony: "The national color shines brilliantly, and the fragrance is dyed at night." Implicit, elegant and neat; In Liu Yuxi's poem "Appreciating Peony", there is a saying that "only peony is the real national color, and the capital moves when it blooms", which is fresh and smooth. If understood, it all praises peony to the status of "national flower". But today, Li Zhengfeng's poems have been simplified to "national beauty and fragrance" by later generations, while Liu Yuxi's poems are completely recited for people. This example vividly shows that simple and fluent poetry is more beneficial.

Poems chanting peony in Tang Dynasty had a great influence on later generations. After the Tang Dynasty, there were more and more works describing peony, which aroused the great interest of writers in past dynasties, became an important aspect of China's poems about objects, and even developed into other artistic fields. When Ci flourished, peonies around the Song Dynasty also became the object of chanting. Later, songs, plays, novels and other literary genres also appeared some works describing peony, and at the same time produced many anecdotes, folklore, fairy tales and so on. The artistic beauty created by poems chanting peony in Tang Dynasty deepened and influenced China people's love for peony.