What was the surrender negotiation after the defeat of Japanese fascists?

On May 23rd, 1945, the new heads of state of Nazi Germany, Deng Nici and Marshal De Jol, were summoned to the Allied High Command in Reims, France to accept their surrender. At this point, Hitler's Third Reich finally perished.

Just five weeks after the official end of the European War, Truman, the new president of the United States, flew to a rubble-scorched Berlin to hold a summit meeting with Stalin and Churchill. What the Big Three wanted to discuss was how to deal with the defeated Germany and the European continent destroyed by the war. However, for Truman, the most urgent task facing the United States at that time was to defeat Japan.

On the second day of Truman's arrival in Berlin, he toured the traumatized German capital, and then returned to the shabby "Little White House". There, Stimson, the secretary of the war department, handed him a telegram from the United States, which said, "The diagnosis is not complete, but the effect seems to be good."

The cable tells the President that a new era in human history has begun: the United States has successfully tested an atomic bomb. For the Japanese, that terrible weapon is about to cause terrible disaster and casualties.

At that time, the U.S. military had drafted a battle plan to attack Japan, and it was going to land in Japan in two stages: occupying the southern part of Japan in September 1945; Captured Tokyo in March 1946. Take the battle of Okinawa as an example. In view of the Japanese bushido spirit, the allies estimated that they would conquer Japan inch by inch, and they might lose 1 million Americans and 5, Britons. American leaders and related personnel believe that if the atomic bomb is used first, the situation will be greatly improved.

But in order to avoid the accusation of the former Soviet Union that the United States blocked the news, Truman decided to reveal some secrets about the atomic bomb to Stalin. When the lunch of the giants was about to end on July 24, Truman casually approached Stalin's interpreter and asked him to "tell the marshal that the United States has successfully tested a powerful bomb and is ready to throw it at Japan to speed up the end of the war." Stalin reacted indifferently, only expressing the hope that the United States would make good use of this weapon and fight back against Japan.

Later that same day, Truman approved an order sent to the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff. At the beginning of the order, it said, "The 2th Air Force should drop its first special bomb on any of the following targets when the weather is fine after August 3, 1945: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata or Nagasaki."

at 8: 15: 17 am on August 6, 1945, a B-29 "air fortress" dropped its first special bomb on Hiroshima. The whole city was destroyed immediately, and 14 thousand people lost their lives.

In the United States, President Truman issued a warning statement: "The striking force similar to the thermal energy of the sun center has punished the initiators of the Far East War. If they don't accept our conditions now, they will be subjected to a series of devastating attacks from the air, and the degree of destruction is unprecedented. "

Japan has not made any response to this.

At this time, the former Soviet Union made clear its attitude. It wants to reap the fruits of victory from the Japanese empire, which has been hit hard. On August 8, the former Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov summoned the Japanese ambassador to the Soviet Union in the Kremlin and informed him that the Soviet Union and Japan were in a state of war from now on. At 5 pm the next day, 1.6 million Soviet troops crossed the border and launched an attack on the Japanese Kwantung Army. But Japan has not surrendered yet. On August 9, Truman's warning was fulfilled, and Japan dropped its second atomic bomb in Nagasaki.

Throwing atomic bombs played a certain role in accelerating the rout of Japanese fascism and promoting the rapid surrender of the Japanese government. On the afternoon of the 8th, Foreign Minister Dongxiang called on the Emperor in the basement of the palace and told him about Chen Meifang's use of the atomic bomb. For this reason, the emperor declared: since the enemy has used this weapon, it is increasingly impossible to continue the war. In order to win favorable conditions, we must not miss the opportunity to end the war. The terms will not be negotiated. In short, we should strive to end the war as soon as possible and make sure that this opinion is passed on to Prime Minister Suzuki.

the catastrophe in Nagasaki forced Japan to kneel and surrender. On the night of Nagasaki's suffering, after several hours of tense arguments at the Imperial Conference, Japanese Emperor Hirohito finally got up and asked for surrender for the people. Hirohito said: "The moment of enduring unprecedented humiliation has finally come."

However, the role of the atomic bombing for the Japanese government and the base camp was not as great as expected by the United States. Although the atomic bomb exploded, the preparations for the decisive battle at home by the Japanese base camp were still not given up, and the response of the government authorities was minimal. Prime Minister Suzuki prepared to convene the Supreme War Guidance Conference immediately, but it was postponed because some members could not attend. In Japan, due to the news blocking, the panic caused by the atomic bomb explosion is not very big.

Churchill once said, "It would be a mistake to think that the atomic bomb decided the fate of Japan. The failure of Japan was a foregone conclusion before the first atomic bomb was thrown. "

However, there is no doubt that dropping atomic bombs played a "catalyst" role in prompting Japan to surrender quickly.

Just as the mushroom cloud billowed, the world anti-fascist battlefield thundered again:

-On the night of August 8, the former Soviet Union declared war on Japan: "From tomorrow, that is, August 9, the former Soviet Union will think that it has entered a state of war with Japan."

-On August 9th, President Mao Zedong issued a statement on "The Last Battle against the Japanese aggressors" and issued a mobilization order to finally defeat the Japanese aggressors. On the 1th, Yan 'an Headquarters issued the order for a big counterattack, and millions of Eighth Route Army, New Fourth Army and other anti-Japanese troops in China launched an all-round attack on the Japanese aggressors!

The death knell of Japanese fascists is ringing!

at 1: 3 a.m. on August 9, Japan's Supreme War Guidance Conference was held. The meeting focused on how to accept the Potsdam Proclamation. Lu Xiang Ana Weiji, Chief of Staff Umezu Yoshijiro and Chief of Military Command Soeda Sobu advocated conditional surrender.

However, Foreign Minister Mao De Dongxiang advocated unconditional surrender on the premise of maintaining the group, that is, preserving the emperor system. The two sides argued and broke up without results.

At 2: 2 am on August 1th, the Pacific War was first declared to be over in the form of the Emperor's "holy judgment".

after the command meeting, the cabinet meeting will continue. At 4 o'clock in the morning, the cabinet meeting also made a decision to accept the Potsdam announcement on the sole condition of not changing the state system.

at 6: 45 a.m. on the 1th, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs officially telegraphed the Japanese ambassadors in Switzerland and Sweden, asking the governments of the countries in which they were stationed to convey Japan's acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation to the governments of China, the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain.

At about : 45 on August 12th, Japan received a reply from the US, the main content of which was: "From the moment of surrender, the Japanese emperor and the Japanese government have the right to rule the country, that is, they must obey the orders of the supreme commander of the allied countries ..." The Army, Navy and Military Department of the base camp said that it could not accept this reply and categorically opposed to accepting the announcement of the allied countries to promote surrender. However, the maritime minister, the internal minister and the external minister advocated accepting the announcement of the Allies to promote surrender.

At noon on August 15th, the voice of the Emperor came out on the radio: "I have asked the Empire to inform the United States, Britain, China and the Soviet Union that it is willing to accept their joint announcement."

At this point, the Pacific War is over. The brutal war of aggression launched by Japanese fascists in Asia and the Pacific, which caused unprecedented great pain and loss to people all over the world, ended in failure.

at dawn on September 2, 1945, the huge hull of the USS Missouri, surrounded by hundreds of naval vessels, stood impressively in the overcast Tokyo Bay. On the battleship, the national flags of the United States, China, the Soviet Union, Britain and France are shaking in the wind. A small dining table with a green carpet is placed between the No.2 turret and the ship's rail, with a chair on each side. A solemn and historic moment has come-the signing ceremony of the formal surrender of the Japanese Empire will be held here.

On August 3th, General MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, boarded the deck of the battleship Missouri. Admiral halsey stood beside him.

at 8: 5, representatives of nine allied countries and other generals stepped onto the deck one after another. The representatives of the nine countries are: Admiral C. Nimitz from the United States, General Xu Yongchang from China, Admiral Bruce Fleischer from Britain, Lieutenant General Jereviako from the former Soviet Union, T. Brame from Australia, Moore Cosgrave from Canada, Leclere from France, D. Helfrick from the Netherlands and Leonard Isitt from New Zealand.

At 8: 55, Shigemitsu Mamoru, the new Japanese foreign minister, dragged the prosthetic leg that was blown off at a rally in Shanghai to commemorate the emperor's birthday and climbed onto the deck of the Missouri with difficulty, and Umezu Yoshijiro, the chief of staff of the army, climbed up with him. When 11 expressionless Japanese in black morning coat and tan army uniforms boarded the deck of the battleship, serious allies greeted them with silence.

The surrender ceremony was held at 9 a.m. under the auspices of General MacArthur. He first gave a short speech. He said, "In the name of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, I hereby declare that I will fulfill my duties with justice and tolerance.": At the same time, in order to completely, quickly and faithfully abide by the surrender conditions, all necessary measures will be taken. "

Then, the representative of Japan, the defeated country, first signed the surrender. The surrender book is bound into two texts, one in English and the other in Japanese. The surrender book reads: "... we hereby declare that the Japanese Imperial Base Camp, all the Japanese national troops wherever they are and all the troops under the control of Japan surrender unconditionally to the Allies ..."

Foreign Minister Shigemitsu Mamoru signed the surrender book under the orders of the Emperor Takamoto and the Japanese government in the name of the Japanese Emperor and the Japanese government, and Mizu signed the orders of the Takamoto Base Camp in the name of the Japanese Base Camp.

then, general MacArthur, the supreme commander of the allied forces, signed it.

Subsequently, the representatives of the United States, China, Britain, the Soviet Union, Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands and New Zealand signed in turn. It only took 14 minutes before and after the ceremony.

At this point, the defeat and surrender of the Japanese Empire went down in history, and the anti-fascist World War II came to an end.