Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - Fan Zhongyan is hungry for information
Fan Zhongyan is hungry for information
Fan Zhongyan likes playing the piano, but he only plays one song on weekdays, so people call him Fan Lvshuang. He is engaged in poetry creation, which is rich in political content, beautiful in language and open-minded. There are two sentences in his "Yueyang Tower", "Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later", which is an eternal famous saying. It is also a portrayal of his patriotism all his life.
He was not only a famous politician and commander in chief in the Northern Song Dynasty, but also an outstanding writer and educator. The Li Qing Reform led by him became the prelude of Wang Anshi's Xifeng Reform. He improved some military systems and strategic measures to make the western border defense stable for a long time; A large number of scholars he recommended laid the foundation for the academic prosperity of the Song Dynasty. His thought of worrying about the world first and the moral integrity of people with lofty ideals are brilliant spiritual wealth in the history of Chinese civilization; Zhu called him "the first-rate figure in the history of heaven and earth"! Today, the remains of Fan Zhongyan in various places have been protected and commemorated by people.
Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower is particularly famous. "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" is a famous sentence throughout the ages.
[Edit this paragraph] Life
1, lonely, poor and diligent since childhood.
Fan Zhongyan was born in Xuzhou on the second day of August in the second year of Song Taizong Duangong (989). His father, Fan Yong, was then the secretary of Ningwujun, the head of Xuzhou Military Region. Marrying Chen first is his third son. In the second year after Fan Zhongyan was born, his father died of illness. Xie was poor and helpless, so he had to hold Zhong You in his infancy and remarried to a family named Zhu in Shanxian County (now near zouping county, Shandong Province), the governor of Shandong Province. Fan Zhongyan also changed his surname, named Zhu said, and grew up in Zhu's parents.
Fan Zhongyan studied hard since he was a child. Zhujiajian Island is a rich man in Changshan, but for inspiration, he often goes to the nearby Liquan Temple in Changbai Mountain for boarding study and reads satirical recitations in the morning and evening. His persistent spirit of reading films left a deep impression on monks: at that time, his life was extremely difficult. He only cooks a pot of thick porridge every day, cools it, cuts it into four pieces, eats two pieces in the morning and evening, mixes a few pickles and half a jar of vinegar juice, and continues to study after eating. Later generations have the reputation of painting porridge, but he doesn't mind this poor life at all, and spends all his energy in books to find his own fun.
For almost three years, the books in Changbai Mountain Township have gradually failed to meet his needs. An accidental incident exposed the secret of Fan Zhongyan's family background. He was surprised to find that he was originally the son of Suzhou Fan family and had been taking care of his life by his stepfather for many years. Fan Zhongyan was deeply stimulated and shaken by this incident. Under the intersection of shame and anger, he decided to leave the Zhujiajian family and set up his own family. He will always be outstanding in the future and then take over his mother. So he hastily packed some simple clothes, put a piano and sword on his back, said goodbye to his mother in tears and left Changshan on foot to study, regardless of Zhu Jiahe's mother's obstruction.
In the fourth year (10 1 1), 23-year-old Fan Zhongyan came to Yingtianfu Academy in Suiyang (now Suiyang District, Henan Province). Yingtianfu Academy is one of the four famous academies in Song Dynasty, with 0/50 school buildings and thousands of books. What's more, there are many ambitious and intelligent teachers and students here. Studying in such a college, there are not only famous teachers to consult, but also many students to learn from each other and many books to read. Moreover, the college is free, which is especially popular for Fan Zhongyan, who is financially strapped. Yingtianfu was later renamed Nanjing, and Yingtianfu Academy was also called Du Nan Academy.
Fan Zhongyan cherishes the brand-new learning environment and studies day and night. One of Fan Zhongyan's classmates, the son of Nanjing Liu Shou (the highest official in Nanjing), saw that he ate porridge all year round and sent him some delicious food. He didn't taste a bite, which made the delicious food moldy. It was not until people scolded him that he thanked him and said, "I am satisfied with porridge." Once you have enjoyed a good meal, I am afraid you will not suffer in the future. " Fan Zhongyan's hard life is a bit like Confucius' sage Yan Hui; A bowl of rice and a ladle of water, in a simple alley, others complained bitterly, but Yan Hui did not change his happiness.
Fan Zhongyan's years of hard study also began in Zhixia in spring and ended in winter in autumn. Dance sword in the morning and get dressed and sleep in the middle of the night. Others look at flowers and enjoy the moon, but he only finds pleasure in the Six Classics. "Baiyun is nowhere to be found. Who plays Dong Xiao in Hanyuan? It's hard not to sing a song, but a thin person can still give an emu. Think about your face, you will be happy in your heart, and you will sell it when you understand your hatred. But if you don't lose your gentleness, why blame Shanmiao? " A few years later, Fan Zhongyan's classic Confucian themes, such as The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Yijing, Li San, Jing Yue and Chunqiu, have become a generation of masters: he also generously takes the world as his responsibility.
In the seventh year of Dazhong auspicious symbol (A.D. 10 14), Song Zhenzong, a superstitious Taoist, led a hundred officials to Bozhou (now Bo County, Anhui Province) to worship the Taiqing Palace. The mighty chariots and horses passed Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan, the same below), and the whole city was sensational. People rushed to see the emperor, but one student stayed at home and still buried himself in his studies. A good classmate came to persuade him: "Go and see, this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, don't miss it!" " But the student just casually said, "It's never too late to see you again", and then went on reading his book without looking up. Sure enough, the next year, he was admitted to the scholar and met the emperor. This student is Fan Zhongyan, a great reform thinker in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the autumn of the seventh year (10 14) and the spring of the eighth year (10 15), Dazhong xiangfu passed the imperial examination and became a scholar. When he took part in the imperial examination in Chongzheng Hall, he first met Emperor Zhenzong, who was nearly fifty years old. Later, he was honored to attend a banquet hosted by the imperial government. In February, Bianjing (now Kaifeng City) bloomed in spring. Jinshi rode across the horse and paraded the streets with the sound of drum music: "Changbai is a cold Confucian, and he has been famous for more than two years." He sang such a poem and thought he was twenty-seven years old. Compared with Teng Zongliang and others beside him, he looks much older.
Soon, he was appointed as the manager of Guangdejun to join the army (Guangdejun is located in Guangde County, Anhui Province, and the manager joined the army as an official in charge of litigation and trial, from Jiupin). Then, he was transferred to Qing Ji Army as our ambassador (Qing Ji Army is located in Bozhou, Anhui Province, and our ambassador is a curtain officer from Bapin). He took his mother to support him, officially restored Fan, and changed his name to Zhong Yan and the word Xi. From then on, he began his political career for nearly forty years.
2. Enthusiastic in teaching for the people.
In the fifth year of Tianxi (102 1), Fan Zhongyan was transferred to Xixi Town, Hailing, Taizhou (now near Dongtai County, Jiangsu Province) to be the supervisor of salt storage, transportation and resale. Xixi Town is close to the Yellow Sea. Although peony can be seen occasionally in the town, its desolate scene is different from that in the mainland. At first glance, listening to the roar of the wind and waves and the sigh of wild cranes, Fan Zhongyan couldn't help feeling a little disappointed. Because Guan Cang is a idled official, he laughed at himself by eating and drinking lazily: "I have never held a chair, and I dare to talk about my ambition to go to Wan Li!" It's time to be black and white when you get old. Why are you complaining about Jianghu? "
However, he soon found that there were many things to do here. The dilapidated seawall in the area has collapsed, and not only salt fields and pavilions have lost their barriers, but also large areas of farmland and houses have been repeatedly threatened by waves. Thousands of victims were displaced when they encountered tidal waves and even flooded the gates of Taizhou. The government suffered losses in salt production and tax. To this end, he wrote to Zhang Lun of Jianghuai Waterway, complaining about the interests of Chen Haidi, and suggested rebuilding a solid seawall weir along the coast of Tongzhou, Taizhou, Chuzhou and Haizhou (now Lianyungang to the north bank of the Yangtze River estuary).
For this huge project, Zhang Lun generously agreed, and made Fan Zhongyan the magistrate of Xinghua County (now xinghua city, Jiangsu Province), fully responsible for weir management.
In the autumn of the second year of Tiansheng (1024), Fan Zhongyan, the magistrate of Xinghua County, led tens of thousands of civilian workers from four states to the seaside. However, shortly after the dam body control project began, a storm with snow appeared, followed by a big tide, which swallowed up more than 100 migrant workers. Some officials believe that this is an act of god and the dike cannot be completed. They advocated banning the original proposal and stopping work altogether. When things were reported to Beijing, courtiers hesitated. Fan Zhongyan, on the other hand, was not afraid of danger and stuck to the weir.
The wind swept the waves and rushed to his legs. The soldiers and civilians fled, and the officials were caught off guard. Fan Zhongyan did not move. He looked at Teng Zongliang, a friend of the same year beside him with great interest. Zong Liang was calmly commenting on a standing levee. Everyone found that they were very calm and calm. Thanks to the efforts of Fan Zhongyan and others, defending the sea and harnessing the weir has been fully resumed. Soon, a long dike stretching for hundreds of miles stood on the beach of the Yellow Sea. The production of saltworks and farmland has been guaranteed since then. A few dry households in exile a few years ago were affected by the disaster and returned home to help the old and bring the young. People are grateful to Fan Zhongyan, the county magistrate of Xinghua, for his achievements, and they all call Hai Yan "Fan Gongdi". Many victims in Xinghua County actually took his surname Fan. Today, Xinghua still has a site of Gong Fan Temple, which is remembered by the elders.
"There are guests who are crazy and pure, and teenagers love fame." "Thirty-six years of dust have failed to become heroes." This is a poem written by Fan Zhongyan when he was thirty-six years old. He didn't get married until he was about thirty-four or five years old. This year, he got a son and was transferred back to Beijing to be the manager of Dali Temple. Since then, he has entered the ranks of Beijing officials.
Renzong Tiansheng four years (1026), thank you. Fan Zhongyan mourned with tears and returned to Nanjing to live. Yan Shu, a left-behind official in Nanjing at that time, was well versed in Confucian classics by Wen Zhong, especially the Book of Changes. He invited Zhong You to assist Qi in hosting the educational affairs of Yingtianfu School. Zhong You was granted permission to recommend another young friend, Fu Bi, to Yan Shu.
In order to facilitate his work, Fan Zhongyan moved to school. He made a timetable to guide students to read on time. In the evening, I often go deep into the dormitory to check and punish those who are sleepy. Whenever he gives homework to a life topic, he should write one first, so as to grasp the difficulty of the topic and the focus of writing, and let students improve their writing level quickly.
The style of study of Yingtianfu Academy soon took on a new look. People from all over the world came to study and asked Fan Zhongyan for a career. Fan Zhongyan warmly received these scholars from afar and took pains to hold books and teach. Sometimes, I entertain them with my meager salary, which makes my family embarrassed. Once, Sun Xiucai, a beggar who was studying abroad, visited Gong Fan. Fan Zhongyan immediately gave him 1000 pence. A year later, Sun Xiucai visited Gong Fan again. Fan Zhongyan gave him money and asked him why he hurried to beg instead of sitting down to study. Sun Xiucai said sadly, "It is difficult to support an old mother at home; If you have a fixed income of100p a day, that's enough. "
Fan Zhongyan said to him, "You don't look like a beggar. Let me help you find a job in this school, so that you can take 3 thousand yuan a month to support the elderly. In this way, can you study with peace of mind? " Sun Xiucai died of joy, and he followed Fan Zhongyan to study Spring and Autumn Annals. The following year, Fan Zhongyan left Nanjing and Sun Xiucai resigned.
Ten years later, there was a respected scholar in one's hand and one's hand, who collected Mount Tai extensively and taught Spring and Autumn Annals. His surname is Sun Mingfu. Even the famous Shandong gentleman Shijie once studied under him. This scholar was Sun Xiucai in those days. Fan Zhongyan said with emotion: "Poverty is really a terrible disaster. If Sun Fu had been begging until he was old, this outstanding talent would not have been drowned. "
Besides Sun Fu, Fan Zhongyan also contacted and helped many famous scholars. Such as Ai Hu, Li Gou, Zhang Zai and Shijie. Or invite them to take charge of academic affairs in their own administrative circles, or recommend them as academic officials of the imperial court, or guide them on the road of academic research. From Hailing to Gaoyou, from Suzhou to Fenzhou (now Binxian County, Shaanxi Province), wherever Fan Zhongyan went, he always started to study and hire teachers first and cared about education. Later, he became a prime minister and even ordered all counties to run schools. Many people who have been taught and influenced by him often have their own achievements.
3. Perseverance after ups and downs
In the sixth year of Tiansheng (1028), Fan Zhongyan's mourning period ended. After Yan Shu's recommendation, he was promoted to a captain of the Secret Pavilion, responsible for sorting out and classifying royal classics. The Secret Museum is located in Chongwenmen, the capital of Miyagi. The captain of the secret cabinet actually belongs to the emperor's civil servants. Here, you can not only see the emperor often, but also hear many palace secrets. This is a rare shortcut for ordinary bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty.
Fan Zhongyan once learned some inside information of the imperial court, and he boldly intervened in this sinister political struggle. He found that Emperor Injong was 20 years old, but all kinds of military and political events in North Korea were handled by Empress Liu, who was in her 60s. Besides, I heard that on the solstice this winter, the Empress Dowager asked Injong to kowtow to her in the front hall to celebrate her birthday. Fan Zhongyan believes that family gifts and state gifts should not be confused, and things that undermine the dignity of the monarch should be stopped.
Fan Zhongyan's performance made Yan Shu panic. He was anxious to call Fan Zhongyan and blame him for being too frivolous. Aren't you afraid of bringing trouble to the Lord? Fan Zhongyan used to respect Yan Shu, but this time he refused to give in. He sank his face into his loud voice: "I have been afraid that I can't do my duty, because I was recommended by you and I was embarrassed by you." Unexpectedly, I was convicted of your honest remarks today. " A word made Yan Shu speechless. Back home, Fan Zhongyan wrote to Yan Shu again, defending in detail, and simply went to the next chapter, asking Mrs. Liu to abdicate and strike, and returning the power to Injong.
Instead of answering this question, the imperial court issued an imperial decree, demoting Fan Zhongyan to Beijing and transferring him to Binjiang Prefecture (now Yongji County, southwest of Shanxi Province) as deputy governor-general. The current friend of the Secret Pavilion sent him out of the city, and they all bid farewell. "Fan Jun's trip is extremely glorious!" Three years later, Empress Liu passed away. Renzong recalled Fan Zhongyan to Beijing and sent him to be an official who specially commented on state affairs-You Sijian. As an official, he wrote to make things more fearless.
In the second year of Ming Dow (1033), severe drought and locust plague occurred in JD.COM and Jianghuai areas. In order to stabilize the people's hearts, Fan Zhongyan asked Injong to send someone to rescue the disaster immediately, but Injong ignored it. He asked Injong, "What will your majesty do if the imperial court stops eating for half a day?" Renzong was surprised and ashamed, so he asked Fan Zhongyan to sell the disaster. When he came back, he brought back some weeds to satisfy the hunger of the victims and gave them to Injong and Hou Yuan Palace.
At this time, the prime minister Lu Yitong began to please Queen Liu. After the death of Empress Dowager Cixi, he quickly spoke ill of Empress Dowager Cixi. This cunning behavior was once exposed by Empress Renzong Guo, and the post of Prime Minister was also removed. However, Yi Jian's karma in court is still deeply rooted. Soon, he re-entered the phase through the inner servant Yan, and colluded with Yan, hoping to take advantage of the domestic dispute of Renzong to abolish Queen Guo. The young emperor who fell in love with Yangmeiren and Shangmeiren finally decided to abolish the imperial edict, and according to Lv Yijian's premeditated plan, officials were forbidden to participate in the discussion.
Fan Zhongyan is well aware that behind this court housework dispute is a profound and complicated political competition. He and Daofu Kong, who was in charge of picketing, and several other people went to Ahe Palace and asked to meet Injong. They complained to the cabinet for a long time, but no one paid attention: the door of the temple was slammed again by the officials of Simen. Fan Zhongyan and others, with bronze rings in their hands, knocked on gold leaves and shouted through the door, "Why didn't the queen listen to Taiwan Province's advice?" It's no use watching. Everyone agreed to a plan of Ganghuhang, and prepared to leave all the officials after tomorrow morning to debate with Lv Xiang in public.
The next morning, his wife Li took Fan Zhongyan's clothes and repeatedly advised him not to make trouble. He went out and never looked back. Just arrived at the hospital, he was leaked, waited for the imperial court, heard the call of the imperial edict, and was banished to the river to be the magistrate of Zhou Mu (now near Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province). Then, North Korea sent someone to his home to urge him to leave Beijing immediately. Daofu Kong and others, either demoted or punished, survived.
Not many people went to the suburbs to bid farewell this time, but some people raised their glasses and said, "Fan Jun's trip is more glorious!" On the way to Zhejiang, Fan Zhongyan had no regrets, but felt a little unfair: "If you value your father, you must value your mother. If you are a good country, you should be at home first. Go to the end of the world with one heart and ten mouths, and return to your heart! " Some people laugh at him like the unfortunate Qu Yuan, but he thinks he is more like Monk: "When I am out of Fujiang, people laugh like poets" and "I am idle"!
A few years later, he moved from Zhou Mu to Suzhou, and was transferred back to Beijing because of his meritorious service in water control, and was awarded the honorary title of envoy of Tianzhang Pavilion as the magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture. Daofu Kong and others who were demoted together in the past also returned to the imperial court. Fan Zhongyan made great efforts to rectify the bureaucracy in Beijing, get rid of the disadvantages and arrange his work in an orderly way. In just a few months, Kaifeng House, known as the complex drama, was "governed by respecting the Lord".
Fan Zhongyan saw Lv Yijian, the prime minister, open the back door and abuse his personal interests, and North Korea was extremely corrupt. According to the investigation, Fan Zhongyan drew a picture of Baiguan Map in Jingyou for three years (1036) and presented it to Renzong. He pointed out the promotion of the officials listed in the picture and sharply criticized the employment system of the Prime Minister. Not to be outdone, Lv Yijian retorted that Fan Zhongyan was pedantic. Fan Zhongyan wrote four chapters, accusing Lv Yijian of cunning. Lv Yijian even slandered Fan Zhongyan for colluding with his cronies and alienating the monarch and his subjects.
Many people can see clearly the dispute between Fan and Lu. Happened to Lv Yijian wily, good at using the power of the monarch, finally won. Injong is 27 years old and has no children. It is said that Fan Zhongyan once cared about the heir of Injong, and perhaps even talked about setting up a nephew. Although this incident originated from the sincerity and loyalty of the prosperous Song Dynasty, it inevitably hurt Renzong's self-esteem. After being slandered by Lv Yijian, Fan Zhongyan was deprived of his due title and demoted to the magistrate of Raozhou. Later, I almost died in Lingnan.
In order to cater to the will of the Prime Minister, Taiwanese official Han Du asked Fan Zhongyan's colleagues to write a list and hang it on the court. Yu Jin, Athena Chu, Ouyang Xiu and others were exiled to remote places because of their grievances against Fan Zhongyan. Since then, officials in the DPRK and China have held their breath, which is staggering.
Few relatives and friends saw Fan Zhongyan off outside Beijing this time. However, the honest Wang Zhi came here to help the sick and raise wine, and praised "Fan Jun's trip is particularly glorious!" Fan Zhongyan, who has experienced many ups and downs, said with a smile: "It is the three lights before and after Zhongyan. If you send me another one, please prepare a whole sheep as a sacrifice! " The next day, Wang Zhi was warned that everything he said and did to send Fan Zhongyan yesterday was recorded on the monitor, and he would be censored as a fan party. Hearing this, the king was not afraid of color, but was proud.
Raozhou is near Duyang Lake. It takes at least a dozen States to get here by water from Kaifeng. Fan Zhongyan didn't mind that no one went out to receive him except Yangzhou along the way. He is used to being demoted from the capital to a local official. He twisted his gray mustache and sang a poem in Raozhou's official residence. "Three out of Qingcheng Mountain, the temples are like silk, and the sweepers are scattered in the lent." "There is no need to be proud of your lips in the world, just get stuck in the old man!"
Fan Zhongyan has been ill since childhood and has suffered from lung disease in recent years. Soon, his wife Li also died in Raozhou. Mei, a poet friend who served as a county magistrate nearby, gave him a poem "Lingwu Fu" and told him that his many outspoken remarks in North Korea were regarded as ominous crows. I wish him nothing but eating and drinking in the past, just flying high. Fan Zhongyan immediately replied a poem "Lingwu Fu". He replied that no matter how much people hate the crow's dumb voice, I died in Ningming and was born silently!
Around the age of 50, Fan Zhongyan was transferred to Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) and Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) as the prefect. At this time, a great event shook the whole country and changed his fate.
4. Xiqiao defends the soil and is handsome in the army.
The Tangut people who lived in Ganzhou and Liangzhou (now Zhangye and Wuwei in Gansu) originally belonged to the Song Dynasty. From the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Yuan Hao, the leader of the Tangut, suddenly established the Xixia Kingdom, claiming to be the emperor, and mobilized 100,000 riders to invade Yanzhou (now near Yan 'an, Shaanxi) and other places in the Song Dynasty. Facing the sudden provocation of Xixia, the Song Dynasty was caught off guard. Some of the main attacks of the imperial court and some of the main defenses were in a mess, and Song Renzong hesitated.
The border is even more embarrassing. Because there has been no war for more than 30 years, the frontier defense in the Song Dynasty has not been repaired, the foot soldiers have not fought, and Fan Yong, the general of the Song Dynasty, is incompetent. Most of the hundreds of villages in northern Yanzhou were looted or taken away by Xixia army. Injong consulted with Lv Yijian and appointed Xia Song as the front commander of Shaanxi. He also adopted the opinion of Han Qi, the deputy commander at that time, and transferred Fan Zhongyan to another deputy commander, Shaanxi, to appease and recruit envoys. Later, Athena Chu was also transferred to the western front.
Fifty-two-year-old Fan Zhongyan was first restored to the post of Tianzhangge, and in a blink of an eye, he was awarded the post of straight bachelor in Longtuge. After Fan Zhongyan resigned from Beijing Renzong, he rushed to Yanzhou. The hardships of his official career made him dye his temples, but his passion for serving the country remained unchanged. Fan Zhongyan personally inspected the front line, and he found that Song Jun's officers and men, war, logistics and fortifications had many shortcomings in all aspects. If we do not reform the military array system and adopt strict strategic defense, it will be difficult to reverse the war. Han Qi's view is different; He underestimated the advantages of the Xixia army and was encouraged by the indignation of repeated harassment. He advocated concentrating all forces and launching a large-scale counterattack.
Xia Song sent Han Qi and Athena Chu to Beijing, requesting Injong to approve the counterattack plan. With the approval of Injong, Athena Chu was ordered to meet Fan Zhongyan and asked him to send his troops at the same time as Han Shuai. Although Fan Zhongyan is close friends with Han and Yin, he believes that the time for counterattack is not yet ripe and insists on counterattack. Athena Chu lamented: "The Han Palace said,' Scholars should put victory and defeat aside'. You are too cautious today. It seems that you are really not as good as Han Palace! " Fan Zhongyan said: "I don't know what's so high about the idea that once the army is launched, everyone's life is in danger."
In the first month of the first year of Li Qing (104 1), Han Qi received the battle report that Xixia army invaded Weizhou (now Pingliang, Gansu). He immediately sent the general Ren Fu to lead the army to attack. The Xixia army was frustrated and retreated, and Ren Fu ordered it to be expedited. Chased to the foot of Liupan Mountain in Xixia, but was ambushed in Haoshui Kawaguchi. Ren Fu and other 16 generals died heroically and more than 10,000 soldiers died tragically. Han Qi was defeated, and met thousands of families of the deceased on the way. They shouted the names of their relatives and prayed that the deceased would come back with Han Shuai. Han Qi wept bitterly in front of Ma Yan. Grades. He was once transferred back to the imperial court, served as the deputy envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and participated in the discussion of state affairs. However, under the attack and exclusion of conservative forces, he was forced to leave the Song Renzong court for five years. When I wrote Yueyang Tower, I was a magistrate in Dengzhou.
Yueyang Tower is famous first because of its lofty ideological realm. Ouyang Xiu, another famous contemporary writer, said in his inscription that he was interested in the world since he was a child. He often recited to himself: "A scholar worries about the world first, and then enjoys the world." It can be seen that Fan Zhongyan's life code of conduct is "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" mentioned at the end of Yueyang Tower. Mencius said, "Being rich is good for the world, and being poor is good for the world." This has become the creed of many literati in feudal times. When Fan Zhongyan wrote this article, he was demoted to an official and "stayed away from the rivers and lakes". He could have taken an independent attitude and lived a leisurely and happy life. However, he refused to do so, and still took the world as his own responsibility, encouraging himself and his friends with the words "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later", which is commendable.
Third, the language of this article is also very distinctive. Although it is prose, it is interspersed with many four-character antitheses, such as "the sun, the moon and the stars are hidden, and the mountains are hidden." "Swimming in Jinli, Ji Xiang, Sha Ou." "The long smoke is exhausted, and the moon is thousands of miles away; Glimpses, still shadows. " These compound sentence added color to the article. The author is also deeply honed in the use of words, such as the word "title" and "swallow" in two sentences, which just shows the vast momentum of Dongting Lake. "Don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself", and the concise eight words are as inspiring as the motto. "Worry about the world first, and be happy about the world later", which has a rich meaning in just two sentences, and every word has vitality.
In a letter asking Fan Zhongyan to write "The Story of Yueyang Tower", Teng said: "Those who watch the landscape will not see the balcony, but journalists will not see the balcony for a long time." Indeed, Yueyang Tower has become a scenic spot that people yearn for because of this wonderful sketch. The story of Yueyang Tower, like the landscape of Dongting, will always give people good memories.
Fu Bi sent poems from Qingzhou, and he couldn't help feeling deeply. Fan Zhongyan's "Harmony Products" greatly praised him and advised him to be modest and eager to learn: "The official residence praises the item every day, but it is a pillar of heaven in the class; "I don't ask for wealth, I just ask for help!" Teng Zongliang, a former good friend, sent someone to send him a painting of Yueyang Tower, telling him that it had been renovated, and also engraved with poems of praise from previous dynasties, hoping that Fan Zhongyan would write a story about Yueyang Tower.
In the sixth year of Li Qing (1046), on the night of September 14th, the autumn wind was cool and the moonlight was bright. Fan Zhongyan hung up the Yueyang Tower and began to concentrate on the idea. In his early years, he studied in Anxiang, Lizhou (now Anxiang, Hunan) with his stepfather and went to Yueyang area. Now that I think about it, the beauty of Yueyang scenery lies in the endless Dongting Lake. Look at her, far away in Qingshan, near the Yangtze River, shining in the evening mist and full of weather. If you go upstairs and overlook on a cloudy day, people often feel homesick in the countryside, worried and afraid of being laughed at. It's really a full moon, so sad. If you climb Yueyang Tower on a sunny day in spring, you will feel relaxed and happy, forget the honor and disgrace, put the wine in the breeze and be beaming. These are the magnificent scenery of Yueyang Tower.
But Zhong You didn't want to generalize, but wanted to put forward some profound philosophical opinions and forge a lofty ideological realm after sketching out the beauty of Dongting and the human feelings of predecessors, so as to inspire himself and his exiled friends, and also to inspire and educate future generations. So he wrote "The Story of Yueyang Tower", which was passed down through the ages. The difference between people with lofty ideals and ordinary people in ancient times is that their feelings will not easily move with the scene. On the day of promotion and wealth, they won't get carried away: when they are down and out, they won't frown. If you are in a high position, you can relieve the people's worries: once you are displaced, you are still worried about sharing your worries. Just worried about being on the job and leaving. If someone wants to ask: when is it fun to be so carefree? Then, the answer he will get will be two sentences like this; "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later!"
"Yueyang Tower" was sent to Yuezhou, and Knee Zongliang was greatly moved. He immediately ordered a stone to be carved. The two proverbs in my mind-"Worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world", spread like wildfire. Injong listened, can't help but admire. The full text is as follows: Yueyang Tower: Fan Zhongyan celebrated the fourth spring, and Teng was ordered to guard Baling County. In the second year, the government will be harmonious and everything will flourish. It is to rebuild Yueyang Tower, add its old system, and engrave Tang Xian's poems on it, which belongs to writing. /Yu Balingsheng, in Dongting Lake. Take a distant mountain, swallow the Yangtze River, and make a vast soup, boundless; It is sunny in the morning and cloudy in the evening, so this is the grand view of Yueyang Tower, which was prepared by the predecessors. But the northern martial arts, the Antarctic Xiaoxiang and the poets who moved abroad will all be here, and they will look at things very well. /If my husband is raining, he can't even open the moon; Evil wind whistling, turbid waves emptying; The sun, the moon and the stars are hidden, and the mountains are hidden: business travel is not good and abandoned; Twilight, tigers roar and apes crow; When you go to the temple building, you are homesick, sad, sad and sad. /If it is spring, the waves are calm, the sky is up and down, and it is a blue sky; Sha Ou, travel, shore zhi, lush. Or the long smoke is exhausted, the bright moon is thousands of miles away, the light is shining, the static shadow is sinking, and the fishing songs are answered. How happy I am! If you go to the temple building, you will feel relaxed and happy, forget all the insults and leave the wine in the wind, which will make you feel happy. /Husband! Is it to taste the heart of the ancient benevolent, or to do something different? Don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself, and live high in the temple, then worry about its people; If you stay away from the Jianghu, you will worry about your husband. Also worried about progress, but also worried about retreat; But when will you be happy? It must be said: worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world! Hey! Wes, who are we going home with? /September 15th, six years.
These two sentences, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later", sum up Fan Zhongyan's lifelong pursuit of the principle of being a man, which is a high summary of his thought of worrying about the country and the people. Fan Zhongyan has been determined to be a person who is beneficial to the world since his youth. I have been an official for decades, and I have made a face in the court, not afraid of being convicted. He initiated the Qingli New Deal, which was a political reform that touched all aspects of the political, economic and military systems in the Northern Song Dynasty. Although the reform failed because of the opposition of conservative forces, the New Deal presided over by Fan Zhongyan created an atmosphere for the literati to discuss politics in the Northern Song Dynasty and spread the reform ideas, which became a prelude to the reform of Wang An and Shi Xining.
Wherever he went, he built water conservancy projects, trained talents, protected land and people, and made great achievements, truly serving as an official and benefiting one party. In life, he is strict and frugal. He usually doesn't eat two kinds of meat and vegetables at home. His wife and children just want food and clothes. He didn't build a decent mansion until his later years. However, he likes to give his money to others, be kind and helpful. At that time, many wise men grew up under his guidance and recommendation Even ordinary people in the countryside and the streets can call his name. When he left office, the people often blocked the way of envoys and asked the court to let Fan Zhongyan stay in office.
In the third year (105 1 year), Fan Zhongyan moved to Qingzhou. The cold winter here aggravated his illness. In the second year (1052), he was transferred to Yingzhou, and he insisted on helping the sick. But only in Xuzhou, he died suddenly. At the age of 64. In that year1February, he was buried in Wanan Mountain, southeast of Luoyang, Henan. He was named King Chu and Wang Wei, and Fan Wenzheng's public collection was handed down from generation to generation. At this point, Fan Zhongyan's savings have been exhausted. Poor and sick at home, I only borrowed the official residence to shelter from the wind and rain. The news of Fan Zhongyan's death spread, and the ruling and opposition parties were unanimous in their grief. Hundreds of people from all ethnic minorities, including Gansu and Xixia Liangping, gathered to mourn and fast for several days. Wherever he was in politics, people built portraits of temples for him, and hundreds of people came to the ancestral temple to mourn like their dead father. According to his last wish, the body was not transported back to Suzhou, but was buried next to the land where his mother was buried-under Wanan Mountain, a southern suburb of Luoyang. Fan Zhongyan's actions and thoughts won the admiration of several generations after his death. People with lofty ideals in the past dynasties have followed the example of Fan Zhongyan, a famous minister in the Northern Song Dynasty, and learned to imitate.
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