Is the occurrence of plant virus disease related to climate?

In the process of its growth and development, plants are often infected by germs, and the plants or leaves infected by germs wither and fall off, or the stems wither and rot, or the roots rot and deteriorate, or the whole plant withers and dies. Different plants may be infected with different diseases, but virus disease is indeed a disease that harms many crops, such as peanuts, peppers and soybeans. So is the occurrence of viral diseases related to climate? Swallow thinks it has a lot to do with this. This paper analyzes the occurrence, development and infection process of virus disease, and explains the relationship between its occurrence and climate, hoping to help everyone.

1. What is a viral disease? Viral diseases are diseases caused by viral infection. The types of pathogens infecting different plants are basically different, and the same plant may also be infected with different pathogens. For example, soybean virus diseases are mainly caused by soybean mosaic virus and cucumber leaf virus, and rape virus diseases are caused by genius mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus and cauliflower mosaic virus. Among all pathogens, cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus are common, which can infect many plants and cause viral diseases.

The main harmful symptoms of virus disease are yellowing, withering and necrosis of plant leaves, and there are various spots on the leaves, such as green and streaky light, which sometimes lead to dwarfing, deformity, many branches and clumping of plants.

We take tomato virus disease as an example. There are three kinds of tomato leaves infected with virus disease: mosaic type, stripe type and fern leaf type. Among them, mosaic type has no effect on yield when the disease is mild, and it will lead to short plants, falling flowers and buds, few fruits and small people when the disease is serious. The leaf type of fern is harmful, generally the whole plant is yellow-green, and the plant is dwarfed seriously, which seriously affects the yield; Stripe type mainly harms plants to wither and die, and fruit diseases at fruiting stage can also cause fruit discoloration and rot.

Second, the occurrence and development of viral diseases. The occurrence of viral diseases is mainly due to infection with some germs, and most of these germs stay on the host for the winter. Therefore, plant diseases, plant residues, seeds, uncultured and mature organic fertilizers, field weeds and so on. It may be the source of germs, and some insects may also carry germs, which is beneficial for Laodelphax striatellus to often carry germs to infect corn and cause virus diseases in corn fields, among which aphids are the most common. Generally speaking, aphids are also considered as the main way of long-distance transmission of germs.

Take the pathogen of tobacco virus disease as an example. Bacteria are suitable for survival in the temperature environment of 25-27℃. If the temperature is higher than 37 degrees Celsius or lower than 10 degrees Celsius, the pathogen will be suppressed, even if the symptoms are generally mild. Judging from the difficulty of infection, when there is a wound on the body of a general plant, bacterial infection will become easier. For example, when there are more pests in the field or more plant wounds caused by agricultural operations, the speed of virus infection will be very fast and the disease will develop very fast. According to past experience, when there are many pests such as aphids, the disease will be serious. One reason is that there are many sources of bacteria. Second, the wounds caused by aphids bring convenience to the infection of germs. Further analysis shows that aphids are suitable to grow under high temperature and drought conditions, and the disease will be relatively serious, while aphids are not suitable to survive when it rains on cloudy days, and the number is small, and the virus disease is also light and the disease area is small.

To sum up, we believe that viral diseases are related to climate, and are also closely related to microclimate such as rainy weather or sudden temperature rise. Mainly because the temperature is suitable for the growth of bacteria and pests, it will lead to serious diseases.

Third, the basic methods of prevention and treatment of viral diseases 1, selection of disease-resistant varieties

The harm of viral diseases has a long history, and the research on viral diseases has been continuously carried out and developed. At present, all kinds of plants have developed corresponding disease-resistant varieties, which have played a great role in reducing the occurrence of virus diseases. Therefore, under the suitable local climatic conditions, the best choice is to choose disease-resistant varieties for cultivation.

2. Implement crop rotation.

According to the above, we know that viruses are often hidden in soil, so continuous planting of a certain crop will lead to the accumulation of more viruses of the same type in soil. When encountering the climatic conditions suitable for virus disease outbreak, it is easy to cause large-scale infection and serious outbreak, so it is necessary to carry out proper rotation to improve the pathogen environment in the soil.

3. Strengthen on-site management.

The purpose of field management is to cultivate strong seedlings, improve the disease resistance of plants and make them better resistant to diseases. At the same time, it is necessary to do a good job in pest control, clean up diseased plants and residues, and reduce the source of germs. In the process of cultivation, it is suggested to pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer to improve soil quality and provide a good growth environment for crop growth. Attention should be paid to pest control during cultivation to avoid the spread of virus diseases and serious losses caused by pests. After harvesting, the diseased plants and weed residues in the field should be cleaned up in time to reduce the accumulation of germs.

Every disease has its own law of occurrence and development, and viral diseases are no exception. After mastering the law of its occurrence and development, take agricultural control measures to provide excellent growth environment for crops and lay a solid foundation. When the virus disease is caused by irresistible factors in the later period, it can be better alleviated and controlled by combining with other chemicals to control pests and diseases.