Excuse me, what is the Mediterranean climate?

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Mediterranean climate, also known as subtropical summer drought climate, is a subtropical and temperate climate type, which is formed by alternating control of westerly belt and subtropical high belt. It is distributed on the west coast of the mainland at 30-40 degrees, including the Mediterranean coast, the Black Sea coast, California, Perth in southwestern Australia and Adelaide in the south, southwestern South Africa and central Chile. It is named after the most typical Mediterranean coast. In the Mediterranean region, summer is controlled by the subtropical high, and the water temperature in the Mediterranean is lower than that on land, resulting in high pressure, which increases the influence of the subtropical high. In winter, the water temperature in the Mediterranean Sea is high, forming a low pressure, attracting the west wind, which greatly strengthens the influence of the west wind.

The distribution of Mediterranean climate is very small in the world, which is characterized by "hot and dry in summer and mild and rainy in winter", which is different from other types of climate, and often leads to the failure of crop growing season to cooperate with rainy season. Therefore, crops in Mediterranean agricultural areas are often drought-tolerant fruits and vegetables, and the irrigation system is very developed, which is also a major feature.

Chinese name: Mediterranean climate

Mbth: Mediterranean climate

Vegetation type: subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

Agricultural products: grapes, olives, oranges, etc.

Distribution: 30-40 degrees on the west coast of the mainland.

Temperate zone: subtropical zone, temperate zone.

Climate characteristics: hot and dry in summer and mild and rainy in winter.

Cause of formation: the westerly belt and subtropical high belt are alternately controlled.

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Name source

Mediterranean climate, also known as subtropical summer drought climate, is a subtropical and temperate climate type, which is formed by alternating control of westerly belt and subtropical high belt. It is distributed on the west coast of the mid-latitude continent, including the Mediterranean coast, the Black Sea coast, California, Perth in southwestern Australia and Adelaide in the south, southwestern South Africa and central Chile. It is named after the most typical Mediterranean coast.

Climate type

1, cool in summer, subtropical and dry in summer: In the Mediterranean climate zone near the ocean, due to the cold current along the coast and the influence of land and sea winds, it is cool in summer, with less sunshine and foggy, and the hottest month is below 22 degrees Celsius. Summer is hot and dry, and winter is mild and rainy.

2. Warm summer subtropical dry summer climate: in the Mediterranean climate zone, it is a little far from the ocean, and it can't be adjusted by the cold current in summer. Under the control of subtropical high, the temperature is very high in summer, and the hottest month is above 22 degrees Celsius. There is more sunshine, and the annual change range is larger than that of summer cool type.

cause

The subtropical Mediterranean climate zone is alternately controlled by westerlies, subtropical high belts and trade winds. In winter, the westerly belt moves south to this climate zone, and the westerly wind brings moist airflow from the ocean. In addition, frontal cyclones are frequent, so the climate is mild and rainy. In summer, the subtropical high or trade winds move northward in this climatic zone, and the airflow sinks mainly. Coupled with the coastal cold current, it is not easy to form precipitation, so the climate is dry and hot.

Among more than ten climate types in the world, the climate types controlled alternately by pressure belts and wind belts throughout the year include tropical grassland climate (controlled alternately by equatorial low pressure belts and trade winds) and tropical desert climate (controlled alternately by trade winds and subtropical high pressure belts) in addition to the Mediterranean climate. The climate controlled by westerlies throughout the year is temperate maritime climate.

Be distributed

Distribution position

The subtropical Mediterranean climate is mainly distributed in the west coast of subtropical continent, such as the Mediterranean coast, the west coast of the continent with latitude of 30-40 in North and South America, the Australian continent and the southwest corner of Africa, with the Mediterranean coast being the most extensive and typical. In the northern hemisphere, for example, the subtropical high moves northward in summer and is controlled by high pressure. Affected by the tropical continental air mass, the weather is sunny, dry, hot and rainy. In winter, the subtropical high zone moves southward, which is warm and rainy due to the influence of the westerly belt (Mediterranean front belt). Natural vegetation is evergreen broad-leaved forest and evergreen shrub.

Distribution area

1, the Mediterranean coast and the Black Sea coast, including a few areas in southern Europe, north Africa and western Asia.

2. California coast of North America.

mediterranean climate

3. The west coast of South Africa, that is, the southwest of South Africa and the south of Namibia (called Cape Area or Cape of Good Hope).

4. Central and Southwest Chile in South America.

5. The southwest and southeast coasts of Australia (although it is southeast, it belongs to the west coast, around Adelaide, not Sydney).

This climate type is also widely distributed, and it is the only climate type that exists in all continents except Antarctica.

Plants and animals

plant

The typical soil in subtropical Mediterranean climate zone is cinnamon soil. The representative vegetation is subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. There are also dry shrubs or hard-leaved grasslands (Stipa, etc.). In addition, the Mediterranean climate flowers are also typical.

Because the climate in this area is characterized by cool and rainy winter and hot and dry summer, it is a dry period. The areas belonging to this climate type are the Mediterranean coast, near the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, southeast and southwest of Oceania, central Chile in South America and California in North America. Due to the dryness in summer, this area has formed a natural distribution center for autumn bulbs that are dormant in summer.

Representative species

Narcissus, Tulipa, hyacinthus orientalis, buttercup, saffron, freesia, gladiolus, Hymansas, hyacinthus orientalis, bulbs. Among them, fig is the most famous.

animal

Civet cats, macaques, etc.

trait

Climatic characteristics

Mediterranean climate data map

Subtropical Mediterranean climate is characterized by hot and dry summer and mild and rainy winter, which is the only climate type with different rain and heat cycles among thirteen climate types. Winter is controlled by westerlies, with frequent frontal cyclones and mild climate. Leng Yue has a temperature of 4- 10℃ and abundant precipitation. In summer, controlled by subtropical high, the airflow sinks, the climate is hot and dry with little rain, few clouds and plenty of sunshine. The annual precipitation is 300- 1000mm, accounting for 60%-70% in winter and only 30%-40% in summer. There is more precipitation in winter than in summer. If the annual precipitation in the Mediterranean region is made into a histogram, it will be found that it will form a basin arc.

Temperature characteristics

There is a great difference in summer temperature between coastal areas and inland areas. Affected by cold ocean currents, the temperature in coastal areas is low, the hottest month is below 22℃, and the air is humid and foggy, which is called cool summer type. Inland, far from the ocean, the ocean regulation is small, the air is dry and warm, and the hottest month temperature is above 22℃, which is called warm summer type.

Vegetation characteristics

The subtropical Mediterranean climate is characterized by high temperature and little rain.

mediterranean climate

Rainy in low temperature period; This uncoordinated cooperation is very unfavorable to plants. During the growing season, plants must undergo dry heat exercise. In order to reduce the evaporation of water, leaves are generally thick, and there is a thick waxy layer on the leaves of vegetation, which is small and hard. Therefore, the vegetation type in the Mediterranean is called subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest or subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.

affect

Because the Mediterranean climate is a unique climate, hot and dry in summer and mild and rainy in winter, the unique climatic conditions lead to the unique agricultural production type in the Mediterranean climate zone. The typical agriculture is fruit gardening, and the representative fruits are citrus, grapes and olives. Summer is hot and dry, and the water evaporates violently, which leads to the accumulation of fruit sugar. The mild climate in winter is conducive to the safe overwintering of plants, and sufficient water resources can meet the water demand of plants.

agriculture

Most of Jordan is covered by desert, with few rivers, but the climate is mild, belonging to subtropical Mediterranean climate.

Subtropical Mediterranean Climate The Mediterranean climate is unique among various climate types in the world. Affected by this feature, the agriculture in this area has formed the characteristics of combining drought-tolerant crops, woody cash crops and raising livestock. Wheat and barley are the main crops, followed by oats and corn. Grape, woody crops olive and fig are widely planted cash crops in this area.

economy

Subtropical Mediterranean Climate Industry Grapes and olives produced by Mediterranean climate are important raw materials for food industry, such as olive oil food in Algeria, wine and brandy in France, etc. Because the dominant wind direction in the Mediterranean climate zone is the prevailing westerly wind, the petrochemical plant in Sicily, Italy should be located on the east side of the island, which is the downwind direction of the prevailing wind.

travel

Climate resources are an important part of tourism resources. The Mediterranean climate zone has a moderate temperature (annual average temperature 15 degrees) and plenty of sunshine, especially the sunny beaches and mountains covered with pine and cypress in the Mediterranean region, plus villages with a long history and profound cultural heritage and modern metropolises, which make the tourism income here very considerable. For example: France, Italy, Spain, Cyprus, Greece, Egypt, etc. They are all world-famous tourist attractions.

On behalf of this city

Europe: Rome (Italy), Milan (Italy), Venice (Italy), Florence (Italy), Naples (Italy), Palermo (Italy), Monaco (Monaco), Marseille (France), Nice (France), Barcelona (Spain), Valencia (Spain) and Seville (Spain).

Asia: Izmir (Turkey), Antalya (Turkey), Batumi (Georgia), Nicosia (Cyprus), Damascus (Syria), Beirut (Lebanon), Tel Aviv (Israel) and Jerusalem (Israel).

Africa: Alexandria (Egypt), Tripoli (Libya), Tunisia (Tunisia), Algiers (Algeria), Rabat (Morocco), Casablanca (Morocco) and Cape Town (South Africa).

Oceania: Perth (Australia), Adelaide (Australia)

United States: San Francisco (United States), Los Angeles (United States), San Diego (United States), San Diego (Chile), Valparaiso (Chile)

World climate type

Climatic name

trait

tropical rainforest climate

It is hot and rainy all year round.

Tropical savanna climate

High temperature throughout the year, divided into dry season and rainy season.

tropical desert climate

It is hot and dry all year round, and it is very hot in hot season.

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Related reading

Climate Classification in Chinese mainland Middle School Textbooks

Climate classification in Zhou Shuzhen.

climatology

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