What kind of fish is suitable for spring culture in hilly areas?

Li Jiacun, Qingliu County, Sanming City, made full use of spring water (spring water temperature 17 ~ 18℃) for flowing water culture, and the yield reached more than 20kg/m2, with remarkable benefits. Breeding techniques are summarized as follows.

I. Pond construction

The pond is circular, with an area of 300 square meters, a height of 1.2 meters and a water depth of 60-80 cm. The running water culture method is adopted, and each pond is equipped with an independent water intake and drainage system. The direction of the water inlet forms an angle of 45 degrees with the pool wall. The water outlet is located in the center of the pond, and the sewage is discharged through the buried pipe at the bottom of the pond. The bottom of the pond shall keep an inclination of115 ~110 towards the water outlet, which is convenient for collecting sewage and discharging it in time. Fishing nets are arranged above the water outlet to prevent escape. Circulating water is formed by water inflow and drainage, and the water exchange rate is controlled at 50% ~ 100% per hour. Before the underground cold spring water enters the pool, it is best to aerate and increase oxygen to ensure sufficient water and rich dissolved oxygen. The dissolved oxygen is greater than 6.5 mg/L, the water temperature is constant at 17 ~ 20℃ and the pH value is 6.5 ~ 7.5. In addition, each pool should be equipped with an aerator.

Second, stock trading.

Soak and disinfect the pond with bleaching powder 10 mg/L before stocking the seedlings, fill the pond with water after the medicinal properties disappear, and filter the water inlet with a 60-mesh screen. It is advisable to raise fry, which is 3 ~ 5 cm long and comes from Ningde City, this province. The survival rate can reach more than 95% by adjusting the ice temperature and filling the oxygen bag with oxygen. Before the fragrant fry enter the pond, it is necessary to adjust the temperature difference between water and temperature to 65438 0 ~ 2℃, and then soak the fry in 3% ~ 4% salt solution for 30 minutes before entering the pond. The stocking density of fry increases or decreases depending on the amount of water, generally about 200 per square meter. If there is enough water, the stocking amount can be appropriately increased. In single-season farming, seedlings are released from April to May. In double-season farming, seedlings are usually released in March in the first season and in June in the second season.

Third, feeding management.

1. Feed feeding natural feed is mainly based on applying inorganic fertilizer and cultivating algae and plankton; The artificial feed consists of 60% ~ 70% animal feed such as small fish, shrimp and fish meal, and 30% ~ 40% plant feed such as soybean and rice bran. It can also be artificially processed and fed with eel feed. At present, the special compound bait for fragrant fish is widely used, which is divided into four specifications: 0#, 1#, 2# and 3#. The main components are white fish meal (50%), flour (27%), defatted soybean, yeast, malt, minerals and vitamins.

At the initial stage of stocking fry, the bait should be cast several times and the whole pond should be evenly spread. After a few days, the bait can be fixed in a certain part of the fish pond, usually near the water inlet. When the fry adapt to the culture environment and artificial feed, feed them 5-6 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 6%-8% of the weight of the fragrant fish; When the weight of fragrant fish is above 5g, it is fed five times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 5% ~ 6% of the weight of fragrant fish; When the body weight is above 10g, it is fed four times a day, and the feeding rate is 4% ~ 5% of the body weight of the fragrant fish; When the weight is above 20 grams, the bait is fed three times a day, and the feeding rate is 3% ~ 4% of the weight of the fragrant fish.

Fragrant fish generally eat more actively in the morning and evening, so the feeding amount in the morning and evening can account for more than half of the whole day. You can't change the type of feed during breeding, otherwise it will affect feeding. In general, if you use more animal feed, fragrant fish will grow faster.

2. Graded feeding keeps the specifications of the same pond neat through grading, and improves the feeding rate of fragrant fish. Generally, fragrant fish are divided into two sizes by grading boxes and raised separately. The whole feeding period can be divided into 2 ~ 3 times as needed. Stop eating for half a day before grading and sorting, and bring water when operating, which is light and fast to prevent fish disease infection caused by mechanical damage.

3. Daily management: First, insist on patrolling the pond in the morning and evening to observe whether the feeding and activities of fragrant fish are normal. Feed more fresh bait with high nutritional value and rich animal protein to produce larger products. The second is to strengthen water quality management, keep the pool water clean, and clean the bottom of the pool with siphon every morning after feeding to remove residual bait and dirt. Pay attention to the pond water temperature when it is hot in summer to prevent the water temperature from being too high in the afternoon due to sun exposure. At the same time, the sunshade net is used to cool down and increase water exchange. Third, after the double-season culture entered September, the sunshine became shorter and shorter. In order to control the sexual maturity of fragrant fish, especially the black body color of male fragrant fish, and reduce the commodity price of fragrant fish, it is necessary to install fluorescent lamps around or above the culture pond and turn on the lights after sunset to prolong the culture time of fragrant fish and improve the culture efficiency. Fourth, we should make a production log carefully, and record the daily feeding and ingestion, the change of water temperature and the growth of fish in detail.

4. Prevention of fish diseases First of all, do a good job in disinfection of farms and fry. Second, the water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen content, ammonia nitrogen and fish growth are regularly detected to keep the dissolved oxygen in the pool above 6.5 mg/L. Third, the feed should be fresh, and the deteriorated feed should not be fed; At the same time, master the appropriate feeding amount and adjust it in time according to the weather, water temperature and feeding situation. Fourth, drugs such as allicin, yeast and vitamins are regularly added to the bait to improve the immunity of fish and enhance the unique fragrance of fragrant fish; At the same time, regular use of chlorine dioxide, bromochlorohydantoin and other antibacterial drugs to disinfect the pool water. Incidental diseases of fragrant fish mainly include: ① bacterial gill diseases. Use disinfectant 0.2 ~ 0.3 g/m3, once a day, and sprinkle the pool water for 2 ~ 3 times. ② Enteritis. When the illness is mild, stop eating 1 ~ 2 days to recover. When the condition is serious, use 0.2 ~ 0.5g/m3 chlorine dioxide to splash in the whole pool once a day, twice in total; At the same time, norfloxacin 1 ~ 2 g/kg bait+vitamin C 2 ~ 3 g/kg bait+motherwort tablet 5 g/kg bait were added to the feed for 3 ~ 5 days.