What are the differences between natural environment elements in Guizhou and Guangxi?

Differences of natural environment elements between Guizhou and neighboring provinces of Guangxi;

1. Guizhou is located on the eastern slope of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The province is about 595 kilometers long from east to west and 509 kilometers from north to south. The terrain is high in the west and low in the east, and it slopes from the middle to the north, east and south. These rivers conveniently branch from west to north and from east to south, with the Miao Ling Mountains as the boundary in the middle, belonging to the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. Mountains and hills account for 92.5% of the total area of the province, with an altitude of1.500-2,800 meters in the west, 1.000 meters in the middle and 500 meters in the valleys in the north, east and south. Guizhou is one of the most typical karst landforms in the world, with an exposed karst area of109,000 square kilometers, accounting for 6 1.9% of the total area of the province. Guizhou belongs to the subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, and the average annual temperature in most areas is about 15 degrees Celsius, the coldest month is 1 4-6 degrees Celsius, the hottest month is 15-23 degrees Celsius, and the frost-free period is 250-300 days. The annual precipitation is about 1300mm, of which the precipitation from June to August is 450-600mm. The warm and humid climate in the same season of rain and heat is very conducive to the reproduction and growth of all kinds of creatures; The typical cool summer climate makes Guizhou an ideal summer resort.

2. Guangxi is located at the southeast edge of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the second step of the national terrain, west of Guangdong and Guangxi hills, and south of Beibu Gulf. The whole terrain inclines from northwest to southeast, with continuous mountains, huge mountains, alternating mountains and valleys, surrounded by mountains and plateaus, and is called "Guangxi Basin".

The landform of Guangxi is generally a mountainous and hilly basin landform, which is basin-shaped. Its characteristics are as follows: a, pots are different in size. The west and north are the edge of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the northeast is Nanling Mountain, and the southeast and south are Yunkai Mountain, 60,000 Mountain and 100,000 Mountain. The central part of the basin is divided by the arc mountain in Guangxi, forming the central Guangxi basin with Liuzhou as the center, and forming many small and medium-sized basins such as Youjiang, Wuming, Nanning, Yulin and Lipu along the depression in front of the arc mountain in Guangxi, forming a mixed geomorphic structure of large and small basins. B, the mountain system is mostly arc-shaped, layered. From north to south, it can be roughly divided into four columns: the first column is Damiao Mountain-90,000 Mountains; The second column is Da Nanshan-Tianping Mountain-Phoenix Mountain; The third column is Jiaqiaoling-Dayaoshan-Lianhua Mountain-Zhenlongshan-Daming Mountain-Duyangshan (also known as Guangxi Arc); The fourth column is Yunkai Dashan-60,000 Dashan-10/00,000 Dashan-Daqingshan.

The trend of the mountain system is obviously characterized by the compression of the Pacific plate in the east and the compression of the Indian Ocean plate in the west. The mountainous area is mainly Zhongshan, which is more than 800 meters above sea level, accounting for 23.5% of the total area of Guangxi. The low mountains with an altitude of 400-800 meters take the second place, accounting for 15.9% of the total area of Guangxi. The main peak of Maoer Mountain in northeast Guangxi is 2 14 1 m above sea level, which is the highest peak in Guangxi and Nanling. Gui Xiang Corridor between Yuechengling-Maoershan-Haiyang Mountain is one of the three corridors in China. C, the hills are complex, accounting for 10.3% of the total area of Guangxi, concentrated in southeast, south and southwest Guangxi. D. Flat land (including valley, valley plain, piedmont plain, delta and low platform mountain) accounts for 26.9% of the total area of Guangxi. Guangxi plain mainly includes river alluvial plain and dissolution plain. River alluvial plains are mainly distributed along large and medium-sized rivers, and the larger plains are Jiang Xun Plain, Yujiang Plain, Binyang Plain and Nanliujiang Delta. Among them, Jiang Xun Plain is the largest, with an area of 630 square kilometers. E. Karst is widely distributed, accounting for 37.8% of the total area of Guangxi, concentrated in southwest, northwest, middle and northeast Guangxi. Its developmental type is rare in the world.

Most rivers in Guangxi are inclined along the terrain and flow from northwest to southeast, forming a dendritic water system with Hongshui River-Xijiang River as the mainstay and tributaries distributed on both sides. Among them, there are 986 rivers with rainwater harvesting area over 50 square kilometers, with a total length of 34,000 kilometers and a river network density of 0. 144 km/square kilometer. It belongs to the Pearl River, to the Yangtze River, to the south of Guangxi, which enters the sea alone, and to the Baidu River. The Pearl River system is the largest water system in Guangxi, with a drainage area accounting for 85.2% of the total area of Guangxi. There are 833 rivers with rainfall collection area of more than 50 square kilometers. The main stream Nanpanjiang-Hongshui River-Qianjiang-Jiang Xun-Xijiang River traverses the whole territory from northwest to east, with a total length of 1.239 km, leaving Wuzhou, flowing to Guangdong and entering the South China Sea. The Yangtze River system is located in the northeast of Guangxi, and its drainage area accounts for 3.5% of the total area of Guangxi. There are 30 rivers with rainfall collection area exceeding 50 square kilometers. The main reaches are Xiangjiang River and Zijiang River, which belong to the upper reaches of Dongting Lake system and flow into the Yangtze River through Hunan. Among them, Xiangjiang River connects the Yangtze River and Pearl River near Xing 'an through the Lingqu excavated in Qin Dynasty. The isolated inflow seawater system is mainly distributed in the south of Guangxi, and the basin area accounts for 10.7% of the total area of Guangxi. The larger rivers are Nanliujiang, Qinjiang and Beilun, all of which flow into Beibu Gulf. The drainage area of Baiduhe River system entering Beibu Gulf through Vietnam accounts for 0.6% of the total area of Guangxi. There are 433 karst underground rivers, of which 248 are over 10 km. Poxin River and Sudi River both form underground river systems independently.

The south of Guangxi is close to the Beibu Gulf belonging to the South China Sea. The mainland coast starts from the Simi estuary in Hepu County in the east and reaches the Beilun estuary at the junction of China and Vietnam in the west. The coastline of the mainland is about 1500 km long, and the coastline of the island is 46km long. The coastline is tortuous and changeable. Nanliujiangkou and Qinjiangkou are delta coasts; Tieshan Port, Dafeng Estuary, Maoling Estuary and Fangcheng River Estuary are the river valleys that inundate the coast; The coastal areas of Qinzhou and Fangchenggang are coastal mountainous areas; Beihai and Hepu are platform-type coasts. The coastal beaches in Guangxi are vast, with an area of 1005 square kilometers. The shallow sea of 0-20 meters is very vast, covering an area of 6488 square kilometers. The whole Beibu Gulf covers an area of about 129300 square kilometers, starting from Leizhou Peninsula and Qiongzhou Strait in the east, reaching Hainan Island in the southeast, Guangxi in the north and Vietnam in the west. The seabed in the bay is flat and gradually inclines from northeast to southwest, with an inclination of less than 2, and the water depth is generally 20-50 meters, with the deepest not exceeding 90 meters. There are 697 islands along the coast of Guangxi with a total area of about 66.9 square kilometers. Weizhou Island, the largest of which covers an area of about 24.7 square kilometers.

Guangxi is located at a low latitude, with the Tropic of Cancer running through the middle, bordering tropical oceans in the south, Nanling Mountains in the north and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the west. According to the national topographic classification, Guangxi belongs to the transition zone from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the southeast coastal hills, with the topographic characteristics of high-week, medium-low, basin-shaped, mountainous and few plains. Under the combined action of solar radiation, atmospheric circulation and geographical environment, it has formed the climatic characteristics of sufficient heat, rain and heat in the same season, abundant precipitation, clear wet and dry, moderate sunshine, less winter and more summer, frequent disasters and prominent droughts and floods.

Warm climate, rich in heat.

The northern part of Guangxi is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone in the south-central part, and the southern part belongs to the tropical monsoon climate, with warm climate and abundant heat. The annual average temperature is between16.5 and 23.1℃. Isotherms are basically distributed along the latitude direction, and the temperature decreases from south to north, from valley plain to hilly and mountainous area. The annual average temperature in the whole region is about 65% above 20.0℃, in which the Youjiang Valley, Zuojiang Valley and coastal areas are above 22.0℃, and Weizhou Island is as high as 23. 1℃. The average annual temperature in northeast Guilin and leye county, Nandan and Jinxiu, which are at higher altitudes, is lower than 18.0℃, of which leye county and Ziyuan are only 16.5℃.

(b) The rainfall is abundant, moist and clear.

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is one of the most abundant precipitation provinces in China, with annual precipitation of1080 ~ 2760mm, and most areas are between1300 ~ 2000mm ... Its geographical distribution is more in the east and less in the west. There are many hills and mountains and few valleys and plains; In summer, there are many windward slopes and few leeward slopes. There are three rainy areas in Guangxi: (1) Dongxing to Qinzhou on the south side of Shiwan Mountain, with annual precipitation of 2100 ~ 2760 mm; (2) The annual precipitation in Jinxiu and Mengshan areas with Zhaoping as the center in the east of Dayao Mountain is1700 ~ 2000 mm; (3) The annual precipitation in Xing 'an, Lingchuan, Guilin, Lingui and Rong 'an with Yuechengling to Yongfu as the center reaches 1800 ~ 2000mm. There are also three areas with low rainfall: (1) Youjiang valley with Tian Yang as the center and its upper reaches, such as Tianlin, Longlin and Xilin, with an annual rainfall of only1080 ~1200mm; (2) The annual precipitation from Mingjiang River Basin and Zuojiang River Basin to Yongning, with Ningming as the center, is1200 ~1300mm; (3) The annual precipitation in Qianjiang River Basin centered on Wuxuan is 1200 ~ 1300mm. Due to the alternation of winter and summer monsoon, the seasonal distribution of precipitation in Guangxi is uneven, and the dry and wet seasons are distinct. April to September is the rainy season, and the total precipitation accounts for 70% ~ 85% of the annual precipitation. The heavy precipitation weather process is frequent, which is prone to floods. 10 ~ March is the dry season, and the total precipitation only accounts for 15% ~ 30% of the annual precipitation. Drought and lack of rain easily lead to forest fires.

(c) Moderate sunshine, less in winter and more in summer.

The annual sunshine hours in all parts of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region are 1 169 ~ 22 19 hours, which is more than that in neighboring provinces, less than that in most parts of Yunnan and equivalent to that in Guangdong. Its geographical distribution features are: more in the south and less in the north; There are many valleys and plains, but few hills and mountains. The time spent in Beihai, Tianyang and Shangsi is over 1.8 hours, and Weizhou Island is the most, reaching 22 1.9 hours throughout the year. Hechi, Guilin and Liuzhou, and Jinxiu, leye county, Lingyun, Napo and Mashan are short of 1.500 hours, and Jinxiu has the least sunshine hours in the whole year, only 1.654 38+0.69 hours. The rest of the area is between 1500 and 1800 hours. The seasonal variation of sunshine hours in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is characterized by the most in summer and the least in winter. Except for the northern mountainous area of Baise, the spring is more than the autumn, and the rest areas are more than the spring. The sunshine hours in summer are 355 ~ 698 hours, accounting for 365,438+0% ~ 32% of the annual sunshine hours. The sunshine hours in winter are only 186 ~ 380 hours, accounting for only 14% ~ 17% of the annual sunshine hours.