How to answer the explanatory text of junior high school Chinese

Explanatory reading generally involves 10 types of questions:

1, check object:

Answer skills: 1. Understand the topic. Many explanatory topics themselves indicate the object of explanation, such as "China Stone Arch Bridge" and "Suzhou Garden". Second, grasp the first enclosed sentence and the central sentence. Explanatory texts often need to use the first enclosing sentence and the central sentence to prompt the key points, including explaining the characteristics of things. On the other hand, if you need to add a title to the paragraph of the explanatory text, you can also use the explanatory object as the title.

The answer forms a phrase: This article introduces the … (object plus features) of ….

Example: Understanding the weather from clouds introduces the relationship between clouds and weather, and how to understand the weather from clouds.

2, the characteristics of the things being explained:

Answer skills: try to find the original sentence from the original text. If not, pay attention to the meaning of the paragraph and the central sentence

Chinese stone arch bridge has three characteristics: long history, beautiful shape and solid structure.

3. Interpretation method:

(1) Common interpretation methods include: example, classification, definition, imitation, explanation, analogy, numbers, charts and quotations.

(2) The role of common interpretation methods:

For example: explain the characteristics/reasons of things by giving specific examples, so that the explanation is more specific and convincing.

(2) Classification: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in different categories to make the explanation more organized.

③ Comparison: Compare the differences between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(4) Interpretation: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in detail to make the explanation easier to understand.

⑤ analogy method: compare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

⑥ Imitation: Vividly describe the characteristics/events of things, so as to make the explanation more specific.

⑦ Definition: To reveal the object/science in concise and scientific language, so as to reveal the characteristics/science of things more scientifically, essentially and generally.

⑧ Enumeration of figures: explain the characteristics/reasons of things with specific data, so as to make the explanation more accurate and convincing.

⑨ Charting: Explain the characteristics/events of things by means of charts to make the explanation more concise and intuitive.

⑩ Quotation: Quotation has the following forms-

First, cite specific cases; (The function is the same as the example)

B, citing specific data; (Functions in the same column)

C. quote famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs; The function is to make the explanation more convincing.

D, citing myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation.

(The reference description is at the beginning of the article, which also leads to the description object. )

4. Explain the order: introduce the characteristics or reasons of things in an orderly manner.

Time sequence: that is, arrange the order of explanation according to the time sequence of things' occurrence and development, so as to write down the development and changes of things. This order is generally used for biographies, scientific observation records, and explanatory words to explain the occurrence, development or production process of things or events.

Spatial order: That is, according to the spatial existence form of things, from outside to inside, from top to bottom, from front to back, or from far to near. This order of interpretation is generally used to explain the shape and structural characteristics of things.

Logical order: that is, the order of interpretation is arranged according to the internal relationship of things or things and the process of adults understanding things. From total to total (or from total to total), from main to secondary, from phenomenon to essence, from cause to result, from individual to general (or from general to individual), from abstract to concrete, from whole to part (or from part to concrete) and so on.

Description of buildings, scenic spots, etc. Usually follow spatial order's description. When introducing the characteristics of each stage of a thing or production process, time sequence is often used. When introducing abstract things, it is often necessary to adopt logical order.

In recent years, most of the selected paragraphs in expositions are scientific and technological expositions, and these expositions are generally rational expositions, so they are mostly in logical order.

5. Summary of paragraph meaning:

Sentence pattern: explain … introduce …

Methods: Find the central sentence; Combine this paragraph, summarize, summarize, combine, combine punctuation, pay special attention to semicolons, and refine carefully.

6. The referential meaning of "such": refers to the closest sentence or the above sentence.

7, paragraph sentence order:

Why can't I change the order of paragraphs?

Cannot be interchanged: The original text introduces things in the order from … to …, which is illogical after interchange.

The fifth and sixth paragraphs of March to the Desert refer to the above-mentioned order of guerrilla warfare and positional warfare.

In the total score relationship, the sub-saying part is in harmony with the previous total saying part. Look at the weather from the clouds

8, language accuracy:

What is the purpose of adding words by typing 1? Grasp the accuracy of the explanation and answer the questions.

Countermeasures: A: It accurately/vividly explains the characteristics/reasons of things "……".

Type 2. Can you use another word instead? And explain why.

Countermeasures: a:

(1) No.

(2) the meaning or content of the original word.

(3) The meaning or content of the changed words.

(4) What changes have taken place in the meaning after the change, which is not in line with reality.

Type 3. Can restrictive words be deleted?

Countermeasures: a:

(1) statement (delete or not delete).

(2) qualitative. Such as: "comparison", "almost" and "equivalent"; Estimate the number of tables such as "about", "possible" and "about".

(3) If it is deleted, what will the original meaning become? It is unrealistic and too absolute.

(4) The word XX embodies the accuracy, thoroughness and scientificity of language.

Type 4, find a word from the article that can reflect the "accurate" characteristics of explanatory language and experience it.

Type 5: reference-what do these conditions, this phenomenon and the same truth refer to in the text?

Countermeasures: generally refers to the sentence before pronouns, find the nearest sentence. Sometimes it should be noted that it may not be the whole sentence, but a part.

9. Explain the structure of the text.

The common forms of expository structure are: total score, total score, total score, total score, parallel and progressive.

10, check whether you can capture important information from the reading materials and summarize the contents of the paragraphs; Summarize the main points of the full text.

Tip: Read the original text carefully, and you can usually find the answer from it.

(Example: What great geological changes have taken place in the Dead Sea?

A:

(1) The layered structure of seawater disappears.

(2) Hydrogen sulfide in seawater disappears.

(3) Salt deposition increased.