I wonder what happened to the war between Tang Dynasty and Japan (Japan)?

In the long history of ancient exchanges between China and Japan, the two sides had several direct military confrontations. The naval battle of Baicun River (now Jinjiang in southwest Korea) in 663 AD was the first formal confrontation between China and Japan. It was this war that affected the historical development of China, Japan and countries on the Korean Peninsula and changed the international relations pattern in East Asia at that time.

The war originated in the Korean peninsula.

In the 4th century AD, the political structure of Koguryo, Baekje and Silla was formed on the Korean Peninsula. Baekje was threatened by Koguryo and Silla, and wanted to fight it with the help of Japan. On the other hand, Japan tried to use this situation to establish its own ruling power on the Korean peninsula. In 1960s, the Japanese Yamato (Nara) court invaded Silla, conquered the land of Han Ge (now Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea) and established the "Japanese government" to rule. Baekje therefore became a dependency of Japan. At the end of the 4th century, with the unification of Japanese territory and the enhancement of national strength, the Yamato court invaded the Korean peninsula many times.

In 594 AD, Koguryo, Baekje and Silla began to pay tribute to the Sui Dynasty. Japan also sent envoys to the Sui Dynasty in 600. In 622, the Tang Dynasty established a memorial relationship with Koguryo, Baekje and Silla. In the middle of the 7th century, the Korean Peninsula dispute escalated. In 655, Goguryeo and Baekje jointly attacked Silla, and Silla asked the Tang Dynasty for help. In 660, Tang Gaozong sent a general of 654.38+300,000 amphibious troops to rescue him, defeated Baekje and captured his king alive. In September of the same year, Baekje's survivors sent envoys to the Japanese court twice, requesting assistance and returning Prince Zhang Feng who was taken hostage in Japan. After modernization, Japan began to change from serfdom to feudalism. Japan took the opportunity to send troops to the Korean peninsula in order to shift the edge of domestic conservative forces and the dissatisfaction of the people and expand its influence on the Korean peninsula. As a result, the dispute on the Korean peninsula has expanded into an international dispute in East Asia.

China and Japan fought fiercely in Baicun River.

In the first month of 66 1 year (lunar calendar, the same below), the Japanese queen Qi Ming and her eldest brother Prince Zhong Da (later Emperor Tianzhi ascended the throne in 668) went to Kyushu and tried to cross the sea in unison. However, in July of that year, Empress Qi Ming died of illness due to the fatigue of the journey, and the expedition plan was forced to be postponed. In August, the eldest brother Prince supervised the country and ordered the advance troops and the trench to cross the sea. In September, 5,000 Japanese troops escorted Prince Zhang Feng of Baekje back to China and acceded to the throne. In the first month of 662, Japan presented a large amount of materials to Baekje. In May of the same year, Japanese generals led 170 ships to reinforce the boat division. On the other hand, Japan is ready to cross the sea at any time. In March 663, Japan sent 27,000 more troops. In the Tang Dynasty, Sun Youwei, the right-back general, served as the general manager of the road March, and 7,000 ships were stationed in the city. In May and June, Baekje's monarch and his subjects were in serious infighting and their strength dropped sharply. Tang Jun and Silla Army took the opportunity to send troops, and on August 13, they surrounded Zhouliucheng (now Fuan, South Korea) where Baekje King was located. At this point, the tragic naval battle of Baicun River kicked off.

On August 17, 663, the Tang Dynasty surrounded Zhouliucheng with Liu Renyuan, Sun and Silla King. Tang generals Liu, Du Shuang and Fu Yulong led 170 warships to array at the mouth of Baicun River. On August 27, more than 10,000 Japanese reinforcements arrived in thousands of warships, and they met unexpectedly with the water army of the Tang Dynasty. The reflection describes: "At this time, Japanese ships and soldiers came to help Baekje. A thousand Japanese ships docked at Baisha. Baekje rode well and guarded the boat on the shore. Silla, as a Han striker, first landed. " The next day, the Japanese generals discussed countermeasures with Baekje King. Relying on their own military superiority, they pretended to "fight first, then retreat", so they "randomly led Chinese soldiers into Tang Jun" without making any reorganization and deployment. As a result, Tang Jun "grabbed the ship around the battle" and skillfully used the technique of circuitous converging attack to make the Japanese army "drown in the water and turn around". "Old Tang Shu Liu Chuan" records: In Baijiangkou, he fought with the Japanese army and won all four wars, burning 400 ships. Smoke rises to the sky and the sea turns red. "After the war, Zhang Feng, king of Baekje, fled to Koguryo, all the remnants of the army surrendered, and the revival of Baekje vanished.

World War I determines the pattern of East Asia

The battle of Baicun River basically decided the political structure of East Asia at that time. After the demise of Baekje, in 667, the Tang Dynasty and Silla allied forces took the opportunity to attack, and the following year Pyongyang was captured, and Koguryo, which existed for 705 years, perished.

The Battle of Baicun River prompted Japan to retreat to the mainland, and did not dare to invade the Korean Peninsula on a large scale for more than 900 years (until 1592, when Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea). After the defeat of the Baicun River, the eldest brother of Japan, Prince Edward, was deeply afraid that the Tang Dynasty and Silla troops would attack Japan, so since 664, he spent huge sums of money to build four defense lines. Among them, Japan built a "water city" in Dazai, Kyushu. In fact, it is an earth dam for defense, with a length of 1.2 km, a bottom width of 80 meters and a height of more than ten meters, and a water ditch with a depth of 5 meters on the outside. To be on the safe side, in 667, Japan moved its capital from Bird Island to Otsu Palace by the river. But the armies of the Tang Dynasty and Silla did not advance into Japan.

Masaaki Shirakawa's defeat also deepened Japanese class contradictions. The people were deeply dissatisfied with the heavy burden of war, and the conservative forces took the opportunity to put pressure on the reformists. Under the attack of conservative forces, Emperor Tianzhi, on the one hand, adopted the policy of compromise and concession, on the other hand, promulgated codes, compiled household registration, and actively devoted himself to internal governance, which laid the foundation for the prosperity of Nara era.

The naval battle of Baicun River was a direct contest between Japan and the Tang Dynasty, which established the central position of the Tang Dynasty in East Asia. Facing the powerful Tang Empire, the painful lessons of the war prompted Emperor Tianzhi to re-examine his foreign policy. As a result, Japan revised its foreign policy in time, resumed diplomatic relations with the Tang Dynasty, and began to actively send envoys to the Tang Dynasty to study the politics, economy and culture of the Tang Dynasty in an all-round way.

Before the Battle of Shirakamura River, Japan had sent four envoys to the Tang Dynasty. However, historical facts have proved that the frequency, task scale and influence of Japan's sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty after the Battle of Baicun River far exceeded that before the War. From the seventh year to the 10 year (669-733), the most typical mission to the Tang Dynasty was very large, with four ships and 500 to 600 people, about two or three times as many as before the war. During this period, the cultural and economic exchanges between Japan and China were also the most prosperous, and many people left their marks in history. As envoys sent by the Japanese imperial court, the envoys in the Tang Dynasty developed good-neighborly relations with the Tang Dynasty politically, exchanged precious products needed by the court nobles economically, and actively absorbed the rich laws and regulations of the Tang Dynasty culturally, pushing Japanese society to a new stage of development.

Looking back at history, every major leap in Japan will show a phenomenon: losing in the war with other countries-taking the initiative to learn from opponents-realizing its own major leap. After the Battle of Baicun River, ancient Japan quickly developed into an East Asian power on the basis of absorbing the advanced culture of the Tang Dynasty. Modern Japan also opened its doors under the gunboats of European and American powers, and continued to westernize, becoming one of the world's capitalist powers in a very short time. After World War II, Japan, the defeated country, set off an upsurge of learning from the United States, and rose to become the third industrial country in the world in less than 25 years. This phenomenon is the embodiment of the dual character of the Japanese nation. The insularity, narrowness and exclusiveness make it backward and feel inferior, while the openness and absorption formed by its geographical location close to the mainland enable it to follow the trend, catch up with the advanced and produce a sense of superiority. Dual personality and temperament are the source of strength, and sometimes become the source of confrontation with other ethnic groups. Only by carrying forward the positive side and overcoming the negative side can the Japanese nation maintain its vigorous vitality and make contributions to world civilization.

I wonder if you are satisfied with this answer? I hope it helps you.