Mozart information

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Leopold on January 27, 1756. Mozart was a violinist, organist, composer and music educator. His violin playing lessons are well-known not only in Austria and Germany, but also in other European countries.

Mozart showed extraordinary musical genius from the age of three. He often walked to the piano, pressed the keys and listened carefully, and tried to play the music he had heard. One time, Mozart's father went home with his friends. The four-year-old Mozart was sitting at the table. His father asked him what he was doing. He said that he was writing a piano concerto. When his father took the music sheet and looked at it, he was excited. With tears streaming down his face, he said to his friend: "Look, everything written here is so correct and meaningful!"

Mozart had amazing hearing and musical memory. When he was seven years old, he once played on the violin of his father's friend Schachtner, and two days later Mozart practiced on his own violin. When Schachtner came to visit again, Mozart told him that the violin I was playing was one-eighth lower than the one I played two days ago. Schachtner thought he was joking, but Mozart's father knew his son completely. He asked a friend to bring the violin from home. After proofreading, he found that Mozart's judgment was completely correct.

In 1762, when he was nearly six years old, Mozart mastered the technique of playing the clavichord. At the same time, he began to learn to play the violin. In the autumn of this year, my father earned a leave of absence from the archbishop, and he took Mozart and his sister Nanier to Vienna. The arrival of the Mozart family caused a great sensation in Vienna. At the suggestion of others, his father brought the Mozart brothers and sisters into the palace. The royal family asked the children to play alone or with four hands, and improvise based on the themes given by others; people also covered the keys with cloth to let them Mozart played complex pieces. The gift of understanding comes from the family of an outstanding musician in Salzburg, Austria. His father coincidentally combined with the simplicity and innocence of children, and his music moved the people around him. They performed at the court for two weeks before leaving.

The father's leave ended, and in early 1763, they returned to Salzburg. In the summer of the same year, Mozart's father asked for leave from the archbishop and took his children on a longer concert trip. During the trip to Paris, they visited many cities in Germany, such as Nihei, Heidelberg, Frankfurt, and Bonn. Cologne and other places. Everywhere they went, the brothers and sisters held a concert, and each concert caused a sensation among the local nobles and residents. There is this poster in Frankfurt: "Today, August 31, Wednesday, there will be a final concert at six o'clock in the evening. A twelve-year-old girl and a seven-year-old boy will perform the fortepiano, except that the girl plays the most difficult of the great masters. In addition to the works, the boy will play the violin concerto. When playing the symphony, the boy will also be accompanied by the clavichord and will play freely on the cloth-covered keys. or a chord, or some other object, such as a bell, a glass, etc. to make a sound, and he could name the notes exactly, and finally he would improvise on the piano and organ, and use whatever the audience asked of him. Improvisation in the key.” From the poster, we can see the great influence of the concert at that time.

In November 1763, Mozart finally arrived in Paris with his family. The musical life in the French capital greatly broadened his artistic horizons. In Paris, he listened to the performances of many famous musicians, as well as many symphony concerts, church choirs and organ concerts. The complex social life, fierce literary and artistic debates, and free and broad ideological viewpoints in Paris are incomparable to the closed-minded life in Germany and Austria. Facing a new cultural environment, Mozart was active in Paris. He successfully held two public concerts and became the most eye-catching image of Paris's upper class. He was especially favored by the court and even It was a great honor for a musician at that time to be allowed to stand at the King's table on New Year's Day. While in Paris, Mozart also composed many musical works and published his first four violin and piano sonatas there when he was only seven years old.

After ending their travel life in Paris, the Mozart family came to England in April 1764. They stayed in England for more than a year. In more than a year, Mozart won the appreciation of the British audience on the one hand, and broadened his own horizons on the other. The British audience was very interested in him. They asked him to perform the most difficult new works at the time by sight and improvise tunes based on the fixed bass; they also arranged for him to provide improvisational accompaniment to singers and performers. In addition, Mozart also accepted door-to-door interviews at fixed times every day, which amazed these testers every time. In England, he heard Handel's magnificent oratorio for the first time. He was amazed by the palace-like music. There he also met Johann Christian Bach, the second son of the great J.S. Bach. This composer who was already famous in Europe at that time had a profound influence on Mozart. The optimism and bright colors in his music It deeply touched the heart of this musical prodigy.

Due to the influence of Johann Christian Bach, Mozart gradually regarded composition as the happiest thing in life. Except for giving concerts and receiving guests, he devoted almost all his time to music creation. He not only composed clavichord, violin and other chamber music, but also began to compose symphonies. While his father was bedridden and ill, Mozart composed three symphonies in a row. In London, he published six fortepiano and violin sonatas, three symphonies, and a collection of forty-three smaller works. When he left England, he had become a composition prodigy.

Due to the invitation of the Dutch ambassador, the Mozart family left London to hold concerts in The Hague and Amsterdam, Netherlands. During the ten-month tour in the Netherlands, almost all the works performed were composed by Mozart himself. After that, they embarked on their return journey and continued to perform along the way, holding concerts in Paris, Geneva, Bern, Munich and other places. Finally, in November 1766, he returned from Munich to his hometown of Salzburg after an absence of three years.

Almost three years of traveling performances made Mozart mature a lot. Although he was only ten years old, he never thought of himself as a child. His strong desire to create made him blindly develop in the direction of composing music. Three years ago, when he left Salzburg, he was just a prodigy in playing. Now, when he returns to his hometown, he has already revealed his extraordinary talent in composition. Soon after returning to Salzburg, the local archbishop invited Mozart to work with other adult composers to compose a large-scale oratorio for the church. Mozart, who was only ten years old, wrote the complete first movement of this oratorio. . The following year, he performed a small opera "Apollon and Giacint" for the Theater Festival of the University of Salzburg. In September of the same year, Mozart's father took his son to Vienna in order to attend the wedding of Princess Maria to the King of Naples. They stayed in Vienna for more than a year. Because the Viennese aristocracy at that time had shifted their social interests from concerts to dances, Mozart was not favored by the upper class there. Still, the trip to Vienna brought him some gains. There he was commissioned to write and complete two operas. The first opera "The Fool" was selected from the play of the Italian dramatist Corcellini. Mozart hoped that his opera would be supported and rehearsed by the Italian Comedy Troupe performing in Vienna at the time. However, due to financial problems, Theater leaders abandoned plans to stage the show. The second opera "Bastian et Bastienne" was commissioned by Dr. Mesmer, a famous hypnotist in Vienna at that time. Mesmer was a music fan and owned a home theater. Thanks to his support, Mozart's operetta was given the opportunity to be performed. Many newspapers in Vienna at that time reported on the performance: "This celebration All the music is composed by the famous Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the 12-year-old son of Mr. Leopold Mozart who served in the Salzburg Duke's Church. What surprised and appreciated everyone was that the author conducted and performed the music very accurately, and also sang the motet himself. "The trip to Vienna made Mozart more mature.

Italy is the birthplace of European opera and the center of European music at that time. For those who want to become a great musician, this should be a must-visit place. At the end of 1769, his father took Mozart to Italy. Before this, rumors about Mozart had long been circulating among Italian music lovers. When Mozart and his son arrived in Rovereto, they began to attract people's attention. As soon as the news spread that he was going to play the organ in the church, listeners came in droves, so many that they blocked the road leading to the church. After that, Mozart held concerts in cities such as Verona and Mantua. The Italians poured almost all their admiration for music into this thirteen-year-old child prodigy. The local newspaper praised him: "Mozart was born to overwhelm all recognized music masters."

The repertoire of Mozart's concerts is very rich and the forms are diverse. He is not only a composer, but also a performer and conductor. What is even more surprising is that he also played and sang opera arias as a singer. Mozart's talent in music attracted the attention of the Milan Opera House, the world's leading opera house at the time, and the opera house invited Mozart to write an opera for them. In the city of Bologna, the cultural center of Italy, Mozart also met Father Marzini, an academician of the Bologna Conservatory of Music who was a famous composer, theorist and educator in Europe at that time. This master of religious music taught Mozart He had a profound influence on the writing of fugue. After that, Mozart successively held concerts in cities such as Rome and Naples. During the entire performance in Italy, Mozart also absorbed the essence of Italian opera, and the Italian music culture was deeply imprinted in his memory. Once, after listening to composer Grigorio Allegeli's famous polyphonic chorus "Hymn" in a church, he actually wrote the score of the entire polyphonic chorus from memory. The Pope was deeply moved by Mozart's genius and awarded him the "Golden Wheel" medal. In August 1770, the Bologna Conservatory of Music awarded the 14-year-old academician the title.

In December of the same year, Mozart's opera "Mithridates: King of the Black Sea" was performed at the Milan Opera House, and the performance was an unexpected success.

The Italian audience never expected that a foreign composer who was only 14 years old could so successfully create an orthodox Italian opera. The opera was performed for 20 performances in a row, and the audiences were full. On his way back to Salzburg from Italy, Mozart held concerts in Turin, Venice and Padaya. When he came to Milan again on his way back, he again performed a second opera about the Carnival of 1773.

In October 1772, Mozart returned to Salzburg. Four months later, at the invitation of Duke Fielding of Naples, he went to Milan, Italy again. For the Duke's wedding, Mozart composed a dramatic serenade titled "Huscanio di Alba". This work was in the form of an Italian madrigal at the time, and was accompanied by ballet scenes. The music was very charming. The serenade was performed repeatedly during several days of wedding celebrations, eclipsing other works that were performed at the same time. The mother of Duke Fielding and the Austrian Empress Maria Cherezia was very happy to give Mozart a song with her A gold watch with his own portrait was the most favored expression of favor by the aristocracy at that time. However, just when the young Mozart was full of talent, a series of misfortunes befell him. Duke Ender of Fielding changed his mind about retaining Mozart; Archbishop Sigismund of Salzburg, Mozart's father's protector, died suddenly, and the new owner, Count Ieronim Cololedo, was harsh on them in every possible way; at the same time, Mozart His dreams of serving at the courts of Milan and Vienna came to nothing. So he had to return to Salzburg. Although Schubart, the famous music critic at the time, enthusiastically praised Mozart in the "Deutsche News" magazine that he would become "one of the greatest musicians of all time", as a musician, Mozart was trapped in Salzburg In the palace of the castle, he completely lost his freedom and became a musical servant. This undoubtedly had a great impact on the growth and development of the young Mozart. Rough youth

Mozart spent his childhood and youth in the sunshine. However, just when he began to truly understand life, he was imprisoned under the gloomy gaze of the archbishop. . He had no freedom, no joy, and he couldn't hear the enthusiastic cheers from the audience. The archbishop often prevented Mozart's father from participating in the musical life of the court in an attempt to isolate the relationship between Mozart and his son. At the same time, he exerted various pressures on Mozart. Whenever he found that he had any resistance, he would use rough methods to humiliate him. The archbishop only tolerated others catering to his artistic taste. He was extremely jealous of Mozart's genius and the honors he received, and tried to destroy the genius's will and turn him into a tame servant.

However, Bishop Colloredo's dream did not come true. The talented Mozart still built his own musical world in his heart with his strong perseverance and brave spirit. In addition, the harmonious family atmosphere, friendly relationships with friends, and the beautiful dreams of nature also gave him the power to spiritually escape the confinement of the archbishop. Of course, the most powerful force is his desire to create. Once he immerses himself in composing, all the ugliness around him seems to disappear quietly. At this time, Mozart is no longer like he was before he went out to travel and perform. The music culture from all over Europe and the music creations of various celebrities have been deeply imprinted in his mind. With the accumulation of knowledge and the broadening of his horizons, His creations began to mature. Mozart successively created the dramatic "Symphony in G minor", the fantasy "Piano Sonata in G major" and the poetic "Minuet in D major". Particularly worthy of mention is the violin concerto he composed during this period. In just one year in 1775, Mozart composed five violin concertos. These works have reached a high level both in terms of expressiveness and exquisite structure, deeply reflecting the unrestrained emotions, joy and profound sadness contained in this joyful singing of Mozart's music.

In the past few years when Mozart worked under Bishop Cololido, although he was subject to various restrictions by the bishop, he still used his gentle personality, approachable attitude and very attractive talents to communicate with the surrounding nobles. Extensive social interaction among classes. Mozart often wrote some chamber music works for the celebrations of aristocratic families, played for them, and taught lessons for them. But these pleasant interactions could not change Mozart's real living environment. He could hardly suppress the blazing fire in his heart, passionately in love with the art of opera, and eager to create dramatic music by himself. Because Mozart's talent was not brought into play, he could only spend the most painful time of his youth in Salzburg. Mozart endured the pain because he knew that a break with the bishop would result in his father's dismissal and starvation in his family. Mozart once wrote a letter to his respected teacher Father Martini in a painful mood, confiding to him the bitterness accumulated in his heart. The letter said: "Dear Master, I often want to talk to you right next to you and exchange my views with you. I live in a country where music is unlucky, although apart from the musicians who have left here, In addition, we have real artists and outstanding composers who are very cultivated and talented. The situation in the theater is very bad... How far away I am from you, how much I have to say to you!" When Mozart was in deep pain, his life seemed to take a new turn. The archbishop finally agreed to Mozart's leave and allowed him to leave Salzburg temporarily.

In September 1777, accompanied by his mother, Mozart finally embarked on the road of traveling and performing again.

They first arrived in the city of Munich. As a boy, Mozart once held concerts here and made many aristocratic friends here. At this time, these people were unable to help him and could only arrange some small family concerts for the former child prodigy. Show their sincerity. Later, they left Munich and came to Aurasburg and Mannheim. Mannheim was the center of German music at the time. It also had an excellent opera house, where Mozart was warmly welcomed by local musicians. He composed two flute concertos for the flutist Wendelinga, a concerto for the oboist Rama, and several violin sonatas for the violinists of the Mannheim Symphony Orchestra. Mozart met the famous opera composer Golzbaoer in Mannheim and watched his opera "Guenchel von Schwarzburg"; he also made friends with the famous litterateur Wieland. My friend, this writer gave Mozart a lot of inspiration for his future opera creations.

Everything in Mannheim made Mozart completely immersed in music. He seemed to feel that he was full of creative inspiration, especially opera creation. He decided to break away from the Italian style and began to create German and Austrian national operas. Just when he was ambitious, he happened to meet his first lover, the young female singer Aloyzia Weber. His strong love overwhelmed his desire to compose an opera. He composed a very beautiful aria for her and also wrote a "Violin Sonata in E minor", pouring out his feelings for her. Love life completely disrupted Mozart's plans in Mannheim, and he even wanted to take Aloyzia on a trip to Italy. All this was finally opposed by his father, and his and his mother's travel expenses were almost exhausted in Mannheim. Mozart had to bid farewell to his lover in tears and go to Paris to find new opportunities.

In 1778, Mozart came to Paris with his mother. They lived in a shabby small hotel and their life was very difficult. The child prodigy of that year seemed to have disappeared from people's memories. He looked for his former friends everywhere, but they all treated him with indifference. Mozart felt discouraged. At this time, he truly realized that the upper class only had an entertainment attitude towards art. Their original enthusiasm for him and cheering him were just to satisfy their own desire for entertainment. Now that he has grown up, although he has made great progress in art, he can no longer bring the mystery of his childhood to those dignitaries. In addition, Paris was undergoing a sensational artistic debate at the time, which was the debate between the famous opera reformer Gluck and the Italian orthodox Piccini. Therefore, people's attention will not be directed to this young man from a small place. In the end, thanks to some of his father's old friends who introduced him to work as a music teacher in some aristocratic families, he was able to barely make ends meet.

While in Paris, Mozart composed a flute and harp concerto for Duke Guinness and his daughter; a small dance drama for the famous dancer Nowell; and a symphony , and get the opportunity to perform. But none of this can change Mozart's status in Paris. The most unfortunate thing is that due to the hot weather and malnutrition, his mother became seriously ill and bedridden. Mozhachi sought medical treatment everywhere to no avail. Finally, he passed away late at night on July 3, leaving Mozhachi alone. live. After that, Mozart could neither get help from his friends nor find any other way to get out of the predicament, so he immersed himself in creation and completed the "Piano Sonata in A minor" and "Piano Sonata in C major" in almost two months. "Sonata", "Piano Sonata in F major" and "Piano Sonata in A major", these four works show that Mozart's creation is becoming more mature. Facing the cold reality, Mozart finally left Paris under the pressure of his father. On the way home, he couldn't forget Aloyzia, but when he saw her again at the Munich Theater, he was treated coldly. Mozart returned to Salzburg with a painful heart.

In Salzburg, Mozart once again lived a life similar to imprisonment. The bishop stipulated that he could not perform privately, leave the local area at will, or compose music for others at will. His every move was monitored. During this period, his father became isolated and stubborn because of his old age. He was completely devoted to religion and could no longer give Mozart any spiritual comfort, which deepened Mozart's inner pain. His only consolation was that in the autumn of 1780 he was granted permission to write an opera. The Munich Theater persuaded the Archbishop to allow Mozart to write an opera for the Munich court celebrations and gave him two months' creative leave. The opera libretto is taken from the story of the Greek myth "Idomeneo, King of Crete". This was not an ideal subject for Mozart, but out of his strong desire for opera creation, he still quickly completed the first draft. . Two months later, rehearsals for the opera began in a palace hall. Mozart's unusual musical approach, although difficult for some actors to accept, also shocked people. After listening to the rehearsal of the first act, the candidate enthusiastically summoned Mozart. When the opera was officially staged on January 29, 1781, music connoisseurs were full of praise, but ordinary Munich audiences gave it a cold thumb.

No matter what others say, Mozart saw his new development in the music of this opera, and he was full of confidence in creating operas

This new pursuit will inevitably make Mozart more and more aware of the slave life in which he lives. He became increasingly bored, hating the archbishop and tired of the work of the court musician. Finally, after being humiliated, he completely broke with the archbishop. He resigned from the position of chief musician and decided to leave the court. With anger, he wrote to his father: "I was treated rudely and cruelly, forcing me to sweep the floor and clean the room, and only paid a pitiful amount of money. I can't stand it anymore. The soul ennobles people. Come on, I am not a duke, but I may be much more upright than many inherited dukes." When his father persuaded him to change his mind, he said: "My happiness has only begun now!" Mozart resolutely got rid of the shackles of the archbishop. Poverty and hunger will await him, but he is willing to endure all this rather than lose his freedom. From then on, he embarked on a new life path, which was also the beginning of a new stage in his creation.

The achievements and remaining years of his adult life were both sad

In 1782, Mozart came to Vienna alone and lived alone for the first time in his life. In the past days, he has never left his family. Even when traveling and performing, he was always accompanied by his father and mother. In his first days in Vienna, he lived a very irregular life, and at the same time, he had to do extremely heavy work in order to survive. He wrote in the morning, taught in the afternoon, performed in the evening, and continued writing late into the night after returning from the performance. There is no free time from morning to night. Working so hard can only earn a living wage. Despite this, Mozart was still very energetic, especially his sense of spiritual freedom, which made him completely forget about poverty and hardship. Mozart's sincerity, kindness and genius made everyone around him willing to get close to him. In Vienna, he quickly established his own social circle. Some of the writers, musicians, drama actors and scholars he once admired are now They all became his frequent friends.

In Vienna, Mozart unexpectedly met the Weber family. Aloyzia, whom he was passionately in love with back then, is now a famous opera singer and had married the court artist Lange a few years ago. Old Weber has died, and Mrs. Weber lives with Aloyzia with her three daughters. Based on their friendship back then, Mozart was invited to live in the Weber family. Their help naturally alleviated a lot of housework troubles. More importantly, the warmth of the Weber sisters towards him completely made up for the pain of being away from his family. Due to frequent visits, During the emotional exchange, Mozart fell in love with Aloyzia's sister, 18-year-old Constantia, who also loved him very much. Despite his father's objections, Mozart married her on August 4, 1782. marriage.

Marriage brought about major changes in Mozart's life. At the same time, his creative career also took a new turn. Due to a wave of promotion of the national spirit set off by people from all walks of life in Austria, Joseph II was forced to comply with public opinion and established a national theater in Vienna, which specialized in performing operas and dramas with rich national content. The theater commissioned Mozart to write a national opera, which was exactly what Mozart had longed for. The opera is based on the most popular drama theme in Austria at the time, called "The Seraglio", and the libretto was written by Mozart's friend Stefani, a very talented theater actor. This talented stage practitioner created this opera script with vivid images and touching plot based on the audience's interests. Mozart was very satisfied with the quality of the script and soon devoted all his enthusiasm to the conception and creation of the music for the play. In this opera, the composer integrated a variety of creative techniques. Just like when he created "Idomeneo", Mozart integrated the writing methods of comic operas, serious operas, romances and folk lyric songs, focusing on simplicity, The content of true feelings strives to make the operatic language get rid of the overly external stylization of Italian formal opera. There is no pretense in the arias of this opera. They all seem to be natural expressions of language. The development and rhythm of the melody are also very consistent with the structure of the lyrics. Even the coloratura does not have any artificiality or ambiguity. Decorative, but organically integrated into the natural expression of emotion. Mozart's achievements in "Escape" played a decisive role in the emergence of several of his subsequent opera masterpieces.

After "Escape from the Harem" was performed in Vienna, it attracted the attention of the music industry. The famous opera composer Gluck appreciated this opera very much. Unfortunately, this composer who was quite prestigious at the time is now old and frail and can no longer give this young genius any help. Mozart still relies on himself. Diligence and talent won the audience in Vienna. Between 1783 and 1785 he played almost every day, sometimes twice a day. At this time, Mozart had become the most popular and respected musician in Vienna, and the glory of his childhood seemed to flash through Mozart again.

However, Mozart's achievements were not officially recognized by the palace at all. Joseph II never intended to let Mozart enter the musical life of the court, let alone give him a job. In addition to official prejudice, the main reason was that the Austrian court music life at that time was controlled by some musicians close to the royal family. They were afraid that Mozart's genius would impact their status, so they tried every means to prevent Mozart from entering the court. Among these people, the one who did the most harm to Mozart was the composer Salieri.

Salieri served as court music director after Gluck. Out of the jealousy of young talents towards great talents, he had always been hostile to Mozart and used various means to prevent Mozart from entering the circle of court music. Although Mozart did not care what this despicable man did, he later painfully called Salieri the devil in his life.

What pleased Mozart most during this period was the profound friendship he established with Haydn. Haydn was 25 years older than Mozart. He was at the peak of his creation at that time. With his genius insight, he asserted that Mozart was the greatest composer of our time. Being recognized by Haydn was the greatest honor for Mozart. In his opinion, the evaluation of him by the entire court group was of much less significance than Haydn's appreciation of him. Haydn's creations had an important influence on Mozart, and Mozart was deeply grateful to the older man for his help. In order to thank Haydn, he wrote six quartets dedicated to this respected music master.

Frequent performances prompted Mozart to continuously create new piano works. Beginning in 1782, Mozart's piano compositions reached a new level. On the basis of Haydn, he established the form of four movements for the piano sonata, and gave the theme material of each movement a distinctive personality and amazing expressive power; his "Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor" (K.466), Works such as "Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major" (K.488) are models of European classical concertos. In addition, he also created some improvisational piano works, among which "Fantasia in C minor" is the most famous. The composer gave this work a new texture and harmony, making it reach a very high level in terms of embodying the drama of music. .

From 1782 to 1786, Mozart's creative skills and musical expression were unrivaled in Vienna. His reputation as the best pianist and his friendly manner made the entire art world in Vienna very friendly with him. The humble house was always full of guests from the art world. Among these guests was a court poet named L. da Ponte (originally named Emmanuelle Conneliano), who played a key role in the success of Mozart's opera creation. He is a descendant of Jews. He was adopted by a monk and scholar when he was a child. He later became the dean of the seminary. He was not interested in religious activities. He relied on his literary talent to become a court poet in Vienna and was responsible for the operas selected for the emperor. Write a script. Da Ponte showed no talent at all before he met Mozart. It was only after he met this music master that his aura overflowed. In 1785, when Mozart was offered another chance to write an opera for the Vienna Theater, he decided to find this collaborator. The two congenial artists decided to use the script "The Marriage of Figaro" by French playwright Beaumarchais as the material for the opera script. Because the play contained certain progressive revolutionary ideas and social significance, the rulers of many European countries, including Austria, rejected it and banned the performance of the play. However, da Ponte adapted it cleverly, retaining the most exciting plot points of the play while avoiding overt political leanings. Mozart was not satisfied with the first draft of the script, and after several revisions he began to conceive of the music. On May 1, 1786, this epoch-making opera was finally performed in Vienna, with Mozart personally conducting. The audience cheered so warmly that almost all the important arias in the opera were repeated. The opera "The Marriage of Figaro" marks the peak of Mozart's music creation with its perfect form and distinctive ideological nature.

In 1786, Mozart planned to hold a large-scale concert in his own name. Funding for the concerts depends on donations from aristocratic music lovers. In the past days, Mozart could easily obtain pledges from many nobles, but this time it was very miserable. Only Baron Svetian signed. At this time, he was faced with the birth of a child and the illness of his wife, so he could only endure the humiliation and borrow money. He was also forced to sell his manuscripts at a low price. Due to financial problems, their family had to move to a residence with very poor conditions, and Mozart's working conditions also became worse. In such difficult circumstances, the Mozart family still held an optimistic attitude towards life and constantly sought new opportunities.

In 1787, Mozart finally got the opportunity to be invited by the Prague Theater to write an opera. This could make up for Mozart's financial shortcomings, and he devoted himself to creation.

The opera is based on the Spanish folklore "The Disciples of Seville". The legend