The complete works of essays on scenic spots and historical sites in Ganxian, my hometown.

Ganxian was called a good place to worship heaven in the era of the Yellow Emperor. The Xia Dynasty was the territory of Yongzhou, the Shang Dynasty was the territory of qi zhou, and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was the territory of Qin. In the 12th year of Qin Xiaogong (the first 350 years), Haozhi County was established. Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, with Xianyang as its capital, and Haozhi belonged to the auxiliary land of Gyeonggi. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was changed to Moxi County, Sui County was changed to shangyi county, and the Tang Dynasty also set a good scene. In the first year of Tang Ruizong civilization (684), Tang Gaozong took Beiliangshan County as a burial site, which was called "Ganling", so it took "Fengtian" as the county to pay homage to Ganling. In the fourth year of Tang Dezong Jianzhong (183), due to Julian's rebellion, 9 cases of Germany defected to Fengtian and rebelled against Pingping. In the first year of Xingyuan (784), Fengtian was promoted to Chi County, which was directly under the jurisdiction of Kyoto. In the second year of Tang Zhaozong Ganning (895), Fengtian County was established in Ganzhou. There have been many changes since then. In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), Ganzhou was changed to Ganxian. Dry and fresh dried noodles are made by hand, which is necessary. First, add salt to the flour, put it in a basin to wake it up, and then rub it constantly, stick it and wake it up. After repeated several times, it was artificially stretched into vermicelli shape, and the noodles were symmetrical, thin, white, hard and shiny. After air drying, cut into six inches, each inch weighs about one catty, box and keep it, and carry it with you. When cooking, put it in a pot, soak it in cold water to avoid adhesion, and then fish it into a very small handle. Pork soup is cooked again with Jiang Mo, salt, chicken essence, vinegar and big oil. Put chopped green onion, Chinese cabbage leaves and diluted egg cakes into the soup to make floating vegetables. After the soup is boiled, pour it out and you can eat it, commonly known as noodle soup. Pay attention to flourishing, frying, thin oil flourishing, soup frying and fine noodles. Because there is only one chopstick in the bowl, some friends call it "full of fragrance". Because you only eat noodles and don't drink soup, there is a saying that you can only look up after eating 30 bowls. For example, the original Chili sauce made by people in Zuoyigan County has endless aftertaste.

According to legend, Guo Kun of Ganxian requisitioned hundreds of thousands of migrant workers when he was building the tombs of Li Zhi and Wu Zetian in Tang Gaozong, and eating became a problem. Migrant workers who can't starve simply cook buns with helmets, hence the name. For thousands of years, people in Ganxian county have been constantly improving and formed a unique flavor food. When making a pot helmet, first master the water temperature of the selected flour, and make it into an extremely hard dead dough, which needs to be placed on a table and flattened with a wooden pole. After pressing evenly, add dough and alkaline water and press until the dough is smooth and flat, and cover it with a wet cloth. After waking up, divide the dough into one kilogram each, put it on an iron plate and burn it with wheat straw, and turn it over while pressing it until it is pressed into a round cake with a diameter of eight inches and a thickness of about six cents, which is chrysanthemum-shaped. Then three to six turns, edge pressing and coloring, and the skin is slightly bulging. Just out of the pot, Guo Kui smells fragrant, and the fragrance wafts in Wan Li. Because of its unique workmanship, it can be used for a long time. As for the Eight Monsters in Shaanxi, the pot helmet as big as the pot cover and more than a foot thick is not the pot helmet in Ganxian County, but is misinformed by friends from other places.

Ganxian bean curd is made of high-quality soybeans. Because tofu is tender, it is called tofu brain. There is a poem praising: "Tofu has a lot of fresh marinade, which is meaningful, clear and tender, like an old brain." Having mastered the skills of marinating, I cooked the sauce with low fire and ordered the marinade with quick fire. Tofu brain made of it is white and clean, fresh and soft, which can be turned over but not scattered, folded but not kept, stirred but not broken. When selling tofu brain, we also pay attention to it. Put the cooked soybean milk into a special crock filled with brine to ensure that the tofu is always fried in the sales process. When eating, you must choose a night market stall and taste its unique fragrance with a small bowl. The tools used for bowl installation are also unique. They are made of round and extremely thin copper skin, and added with salt, monosodium glutamate, garlic Jiang Shui, boiled spiced vinegar and homemade oil chili pepper, which are all good in color, fragrance and taste. Many friends from other places even eat ten bowls and eight bowls. After eating, they stroked their bulging stomachs and shouted loudly. In winter, when the weather is too cold, buyers will mix starch with carrots and spinach, shred them, and pour them into juice, which is another flavor when eating. Ganxian bean curd has the effect of strengthening the body and strengthening the brain. Ganxian people are smart. It is said that it is because of eating tofu brain all the year round.

Dry fresh tea element (no one knows which word to use, so there are all kinds of signs now. I think it should sound like "tea", because it is too crisp, and it is the oldest variety of snacks in Ganxian County. Legend has it that it has been 1300 years. It used to be court food. As a sacrifice to Ganling in the Tang Dynasty, it spread to the people. Its characteristics are oily but not greasy, yellow and fragrant in color, crisp outside and crisp inside, and hot and popular. Tea crisp is made of special flour, lard (horse oil is used in authentic practice), rapeseed oil and salt through fine processing. Knead the dough evenly, divide it into small portions, then press it into round dough, wrap it in the stuffing made of rock sugar, shredded green pork, walnut kernel and soft sugar, make sesame cake, and fry it in oil pan, which is golden in color, crisp and delicious. It may be because crispy snacks or fried foods according to modern dietary concepts are harmful to health, so they are not as popular as the above three kinds of snacks, but friends from other places are full of praise when they taste them.

When I think of Shaanxi dialect, I think of Shaanxi customs, which is really nostalgic. There is a children's song, "a little fly to heaven, the Yellow River bends at both ends; The eight-character mouth is wide open, the words go in and twist left and right; The west is long, the east is long, and there is a horse king in the middle; At the bottom of my heart, beside the moon, leave a hook to hang hemp sugar; Pushing a car and driving to Xianyang ... "I learned this nursery rhyme earlier, and I was singing a word (read biang——biang, which is not in the modern Chinese dictionary). When it comes to this word, I have to talk about Shaanxi Eight Monsters! (In fact, there are ten monsters in Shaanxi _)

The first monster: noodles are as wide as belts. Roll thick, cut wide, adjust vinegar and acid, and eat a bowl a day. Shaanxi is rich in wheat, and local people mainly make pasta. Lamian Noodles is also called biangbiang noodles. Authentic biangbiang noodles have a width of two or three inches and a length of about 1 m. When it is thick, it is similar to a coin. One meal of noodles is enough, but for Guanzhong people with a large appetite, it is easy to eat 8 Liang 1 kg at a time. People in Guanzhong eat noodles and like to knead them hard, roll them thick and cut them wide. After this kind of noodles is cooked, no matter whether it is poured with SAO Zi or Chili, it tastes tender, spicy and gluten-free, which is delicious and resistant to hunger. People stretch their necks and gulp down into their stomachs. When they burp, they suddenly feel full of energy, and they don't feel hungry without eating or drinking for five or six hours.

The second monster: the pot helmet is bigger than the pot cover. Hard-faced pot helmet is like a pot cover, so it is easy for people to take out dry food. It is said that when Ganling was built in the Tang Dynasty, the construction progress was often delayed and punished because of too many military craftsmen in service. So, a soldier anxiously put the dough into his helmet and baked it into a cake in the fire. Now, Guo Kun has been in Shaanxi for thousands of years. To make a pot helmet, the noodles should be too hard to rub by hand. You have to rub it with wooden poles and then bake it slowly in a large pot with a diameter of more than 2 feet. The pot helmet branded in this way is crispy outside and fragrant inside, and it won't be bad for ten or eight days. This pot helmet is very big and thick. If you open your mouth when eating, you will naturally stare at your eyes, so this kind of pot helmet is also called "glaring pot helmet". Guo Kui should be regarded as "Guo Kui of Ganxian County".

The third monster: a dish with spicy oil. Guanzhong people, eccentric, Chili steamed bread is not Chili's dish. It is said that people in Hunan and Sichuan can eat Chili, but compared with people in Shaanxi, it is really dwarfed. They use peppers as seasoning, while people in Shaanxi use peppers as food. A unique kind of "Qin pepper" in Shaanxi is called "the king of peppers". Guanzhong people can live without food, oil and meat, but they can't live without peppers. Jia Pingwa wrote in his prose: "Eight hundred miles of Qinchuan flies in the loess, and 30 million children roar at the Qin opera, holding a bowl of noodles, beaming, and not letting the pepper mumble." A row of peppers, biting the lower half of the rice, were twisted, sobbing and sweating. I think that's enough.

The fourth monster: the old bowl can't be separated from the basin. Guanzhong Han, the truth is that the old bowl and basin are inseparable. Shaanxi people (Laoshan Mountain) like to eat with a large white porcelain blue-and-white bowl made in Yaoxian County, which is nearly 1 ft. The locals call it the "old bowl". This kind of old bowl is even bigger than the small one, so it is often difficult to distinguish the bowl from the basin. In the rural areas of Guanzhong, every time when eating, men crouch together at the head of the village, in front of the village and under the tree with big and old bowls, chatting with relish while eating. This is the famous "Old Bowl Club". In rural areas, people have great labor intensity, work hard and eat a lot. An old bowl is enough to go out for one night without going home for dinner, which saves a lot of trouble.

The fifth monster: every house is half built. The house is half-hidden, and the eaves are dripping. No matter in Xi 'an or rural Shaanxi, "one-sided" houses can be seen everywhere. What is a side cover? Generally, the roof of a house is herringbone, and the houses in Shaanxi are herringbone curled. It is said that because Shaanxi is dry in the morning and there is little rain, the houses built here can let all the rain of Jane stamps flow to their own fields, which is the so-called "rich water does not flow to outsiders." Moreover, in the past century, Shaanxi's agricultural development has been slow, but its population has increased rapidly. Families living together in rural areas have limited land area, large population and tight housing, thus forming a history of "half-built" houses.

The sixth monster: Squat up without sitting on a stool. Standing, sitting, talking hurts.

Trot is a dialect, which means squat down. Being alive means being happy. Enjoy the scenery outside while eating. Sometimes it's a competition to see whose food is good and what's the specialty. This is a boast and praise to the master of one room (meaning housewife). Others say that whoever doesn't eat out may not be able to open the pot at home, and eating out proves that the family is well-off. Food is the most important thing for people.

The seventh monster: the woman wears it on Papa's head. The soil is fertile and sunny. Go out and put it on dad's head. In the past, traffic was mostly dirt roads, and people, cars and horses walked more. There is a layer of dusty eluvial soil on the road surface, which is easy to fly. Pappa means handkerchief, or handkerchief. Qin is located in the northwest, in the loess thousands of feet. Every time the northwest wind blows, it is a piece of yellow dust. If it is sunny and dry, the sun will be strong and hot for a long time. Women and old ladies in their hometown are used to wearing a handkerchief on their heads every time they go out, which is dustproof and sun-proof, convenient and practical. Women love beauty, and naturally they have to achieve multiple goals. Over time, it has become a folk landscape in this area.

The eighth monster: Qin Qiang roar. Pull the string, knock it and entertain yourself. Shaanxi's unique opera, called Shaanxi Opera, is the oldest opera in China. Peking Opera, Henan Opera and Hebei Bangzi all originated from Shaanxi Opera, so they are known as the "ancestor of hundreds of operas" and the "living fossil of China's dramas". Shaanxi opera is characterized by its high-pitched, passionate, intense and urgent voice, which is called "earning a broken head" locally. Premier Zhou said when he came to Xi Yi Sushe to see the Shaanxi Opera, "You should pay attention to your health." . Foreigners joked that there are three conditions for singing Shaanxi opera: first, to be healthy and avoid getting sick; Second, the audience should be bold to avoid collapse; Third, the stage should be firm so as not to collapse.

In fact, to sum up, the top ten monsters in Shaanxi are

Bowl and basin are inseparable: the bowl used by Guanzhong people is extra large, with a maximum of more than a foot. Commonly known as "big old bowl". Because Guan Zhong has a strong body and a large appetite, the staple food is pasta, and the "old party" in the streets will come to every meal, so this big bowl is enough to avoid the fatigue of adding rice.

Sleeping pillow brick: Guanzhong people like to sleep on the kang, and pillow cotton is easy to get angry, so bricks, stones, wood, jade and so on. They are all dispensable, and over time, habits become natural.

Girls are not open to the outside world: Guanzhong plain has fertile land and favorable climate, so early harvest and early protection are required. So its living conditions are superior. In Philip Burkart, girls never get married. They usually get married within ten or eighty miles.

Noodles are like belts: Guanzhong people mainly eat pasta for lunch, and Guanzhong women are experts in rolling noodles, which are easy to swell and stick when cooked. Therefore, in addition to entertaining guests on holidays, the rolled noodles are generally cut into one-inch wide strips, because they are resistant to cooking, not easy to stick, and are hungry after eating, so they are shaped like belts.

A dish in Chili peppers: Guanzhong people are luxurious and spicy, and they can be short of meat and vegetables for the next meal, but "chili pepper with oil" is a must. "Oil chili pepper" is full of red, full of color, fragrance and taste, and can be used to mix vegetables, noodles, soup and steamed buns.

Semi-roof of the house: most of the wings in Shaanxi are right-angled triangles with single eaves and doors and windows. It is simple in structure, economical and practical, and unique in shape, commonly known as "Xia Zi" and "Xiafang". Because its shape is unique to Shaanxi, it is also a wonder in Shaanxi.

Squat up and don't sit down: Guanzhong people have the highest kung fu in the country, and chatting, eating and playing chess for three to five hours is unambiguous. Even when visiting relatives and friends, the host has a stool and is not informal. As soon as his shoes were taken off, he squatted on the stool and talked and laughed freely. Generous and generous, it can be seen.

Wearing a handkerchief on the head: Shaanxi women are used to wearing a handkerchief on their heads, which can prevent dust, rain, sun, sweat, hands and things. Convenient and practical, it is also a form of the evolution of ancient female headscarves.

Qin Qiang roar: honest and honest, born in Shaanxi, with a loud voice, roaring like thunder and roaring like thunder. Coupled with the impassioned rhythm of Shaanxi Opera, the people of Shaanxi Opera naturally listen to each other very forcefully.

Guo kui is like a pot cover: the cake in Shaanxi is also called "Guo kui", which is thick and big, with brown skin, crisp meat, crisp tendons, mellow and delicious, especially in Ganxian county

There are also foreign meat buns.

Chinese hamburger eats delicious food.

Cold rice noodles are very thick.

Mingtai fish is slippery.

Stone cakes are dry and crisp.

The smell of oil flowing from the gourd head

Fried bean jelly is very comfortable

Tofu definitely warms the stomach.

Rose mirror cake is sweet.

jiaozi banquet

There are many examples!

Xi, Athens, Rome and Cairo are also called the four ancient capitals in the world. There are ancient city walls with a long history, the bell tower and drum tower in Xi, the forest of steles called stone stacks, and landmark buildings such as Big Wild Goose Pagoda and Small Wild Goose Pagoda. Of course, there is the world-famous Qin Terracotta Warriors Museum, next to Huaqing Pool, and the Banpo site, the birthplace of the Chinese nation. Now, Tang Furong Garden and other tourist attractions have been restored.