Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - The long summer blessing of the twenty-four solar terms and the quotation blessing of Xia Qixi.
The long summer blessing of the twenty-four solar terms and the quotation blessing of Xia Qixi.
Yang Wanli
Judging from the teaching order, it seems that dust makes lazy.
But pomegranate grows in summer and blooms every year.
Summer in the mountain pavilion
Gaopian
Green trees, deep shadows, long summer, the reflection of the tower in the pond.
The water curtain swayed in the breeze, and the roses in the courtyard smelled sweet.
Early summer
Lu you
The red flag was planted on the gate, and Dong Jun drove home.
Mud nests are noisy and flowers are scarce.
The shade of Sophora japonica is dense at first, and the curtain is still slightly hot.
Soak a soup in the sunset and try on clothes skillfully.
Early summer seclusion
Lu you
The lakes and mountains are the best place to put Weng's house, and the locust trees are shaded.
When the lake overflows, egrets fly in the air and frogs hum by the lake.
The dragon has turned back to shoot bamboo shoots, and the wooden pen still blooms the first flower.
Alas, let bygones be bygones, who * * * will sleep in afternoon European tea.
Look at three songbirds
bai yuchan
Fresh and happy, flowers outside the curtain are like red tears.
It's the last spring of the long summer, how to stop singing birds everywhere.
Quatrain
Wang Chen
After tea and jasmine, spring breeze and rain are no longer chased.
However, it is sunny in the long summer, and the staff have nothing to do to see the green leaves.
Xiqing
Zhang Yuchu
The fantasy of long summer, the happiness of leisure for a while.
Trees increase the depth of rain, and streams are sparsely populated.
Sunset shines on bamboo, and garden flowers fall beside books.
Over the years, I have been lazy, clumsy and lonely.
One of the traditional 24 solar terms: Is the long summer a holiday? Tomb-Sweeping Day is an important traditional folk festival in China, and it is also one of the eight important festivals (Shangyuan (Lantern Festival), Qingming, Long Summer, Dragon Boat Festival, Central Plains, Mid-Autumn Festival, Winter Solstice and New Year's Eve). Generally speaking, it is on April 5 in the solar calendar, but its festival is very long. There are two kinds of sayings: eight days before the tenth day and ten days after the tenth day, and these 20 days belong to Tomb-Sweeping Day. The origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day is said to have originated from the "tomb sacrifice" ceremony of ancient emperors and generals, and later people followed suit. Sacrificing ancestors to sweep graves on this day has been inherited from generation to generation and has become a fixed custom of the Chinese nation. Tomb-Sweeping Day, Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are also called the four traditional festivals of the Han nationality in China, and Tomb-Sweeping Day has been a national legal holiday since 2008. The traditional Tomb-Sweeping Day in China began in the Zhou Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,500 years. Tomb-Sweeping Day was a very important solar term from the beginning. As soon as Tomb-Sweeping Day arrives, the temperature rises, which is a good season for spring ploughing and planting. Therefore, there is a saying that "melons and beans are planted before and after the Qingming Festival". Agricultural proverb "Planting trees is not as clear as Qingming". Later, because Tomb-Sweeping Day was close to the Cold Food Festival, cold food was the day when people banned fire to sweep graves. Gradually, cold food and Qingming became one, and cold food became another name and a custom of Qingming. Qingming, no fireworks, only cold food. After Tomb-Sweeping Day, the rain increased, and the land showed a scene of spring and tranquility. At this time, everything, whether it is the vegetation in nature or the human body in natural places, has changed the filth in winter, ushered in the breath of spring and realized the transformation from yin to yang. Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the traditional festivals of the Han nationality in China and one of the 24 solar terms in China, and the time is around April 5th in the solar calendar every year. In ancient times, it was said that the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day was the "Cold Food Festival". According to legend, it began in the Spring and Autumn Period when Jin Wengong mourned the event of "cutting stocks to satisfy hunger", and then gradually the Qingming cold food became one. The date of grave sweeping in the Tang Dynasty was generally on the Cold Food Festival, and it was moved to Qingming after the Song Dynasty. Legend has it that the origin of "Cold Food Festival" is Jiexiu in central Shanxi. Jiexiu's origin is to commemorate Jiexiu's "cutting stocks to satisfy hunger" without asking for gratitude, and finally he died here in Yamakaji. Mianshan was originally named "Ding Yang", and was later renamed "Jiexiu" by Jin Wengong, which means Jiexiu. Mianshan Mountain has been developed into a famous tourist attraction by local people, one of which is the tall stone statue of Jiexiu's mother and son. Xietui became a representative of the local people loyal to both sides. According to legend, after Dayu's flood control, people used the language of "Qingming" to celebrate that the flood had been eliminated and the world was at peace. At this time, spring blossoms, everything recovers, and the sky is clear and bright, which is a good season for spring outing. Going for an outing began as early as the Tang Dynasty and has become a habit throughout the ages. In addition to enjoying the beautiful lakes, mountains and spring scenery, we also carry out various entertainment activities to increase the interest of life. Grave-sweeping is very popular in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In fact, sweeping graves is the content of Tomb-Sweeping Day's Cold Food Festival the day before. It is said that cold food originated in Jin Wengong to mourn Jiexiu. During the twenty years of Emperor Xuanzong's reign, he ordered the world to "eat cold food in the ground". Because cold food is associated with Qingming, it gradually spread to sweeping graves in Qingming. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, grave sweeping became more popular. In ancient times, children often flew kites when sweeping graves. Some kites are equipped with bamboo flutes, which can make a sound when the wind blows, just like the sound of kites. It is said that this is the reason why kites get their names. There are many lost customs in Tomb-Sweeping Day, such as wearing willow, shooting willow and swinging, which have been circulating for a long time in ancient times. According to records, Tomb-Sweeping Day was the most important custom in the Liao Dynasty. From the imperial court down to the common people, people liked to swing, and ladies gathered, and the wind of outing was extremely prosperous. It is said that the custom of inserting willows is also to commemorate Shennong, the ancestor of farming, who taught the people to cultivate crops. In some places, people put willow branches under the eaves to forecast the weather. There is an old saying that "the willow branches are green and the rain is raining;" The saying that there is another village. During the period of Huang Chao, it was stipulated that "Qingming lasts for a period, and Liu Dai is the number". After the failure of the uprising, the custom of wearing willow was gradually eliminated, and only willow was popular. Willow has a strong vitality, as the saying goes: "If you plant flowers with your heart, you will plant willows without your heart. "Wicker lives when it is planted in the soil, and lives where it is planted. After years of planting, it becomes gloomy everywhere. There is another saying in Tomb-Sweeping Day: It turns out that China people regard Tomb-Sweeping Day, July 30th and the first day of October as the three major ghost festivals, which are the time for ghosts to haunt and ask for help. In order to prevent the harassment and persecution of ghosts, people put willows and put them on. Because willows have the function of ward off evil spirits in people's minds. Influenced by Buddhism, people think that willows can exorcise ghosts and call them "ghost trees". Guanyin dipped willow branches in water to help all beings. Jia Sixie of the Northern Wei Dynasty said in the Book of Qi Yao Min: "Put a willow branch on the house, and a hundred ghosts will not enter the house. "Tomb-Sweeping Day is Halloween. When wicker sprouted, people naturally inserted willows to ward off evil spirits. * * * There is a custom of "folding willows to bid farewell" ... >>
Of the 24 solar terms, do beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter mean the beginning of the four seasons? Yes, they are also called Li Si, namely beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter.
The book of parallel calculation in Zhou Dynasty: "Four stands, the beginning of growth and collection."
The naming of the twenty-four solar terms reflects three seasons, phenology and climate changes.
The solar terms reflecting the changes of the four seasons are: beginning of spring, Spring Equinox, Long Summer, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Autumn Equinox, beginning of winter and Winter Solstice. Among them, beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter are collectively called "Sili", which means the beginning of the four seasons. There are five solar terms reflecting temperature changes: slight summer heat, great summer heat, summer heat, slight cold and severe cold. There are seven solar terms reflecting weather phenomena: rain, Grain Rain, white dew, cold dew, first frost, light snow and heavy snow. There are four solar terms reflecting phenological phenomena: Jing Zhe, Qing Ming, Xiaoman and Mang Zi.
Solar terms refer to the moment, that is, when the longitude of the sun is equal to 15 degrees, it is Tomb-Sweeping Day.
The 24 Solar Terms
According to the position change of the sun in a year and the evolution sequence of the ground climate caused by it, the ancients divided the 365th day and the quarter day of a year into 24 segments, and then divided them into 12 months to reflect the four seasons, temperature, phenology and so on. This is the twenty-four solar terms. There are two sections every month. The first section is called "Festival" and the middle section is called "Qi".
The ancients divided a solar year into seasons, knots, qi and climate, 1 year =4 seasons = 12 knots = 12 qi =72 climate, which is the definition of seasons and climate. Twelve months, every month, a "festival" is set, with "qi" in the middle, just like twelve bamboo festivals, which are inflated in the middle. This is the origin of solar terms and the original intention of honesty and thrift.
Twenty-four solar terms are divided into twelve solar terms and twelve qi (middle qi). There is a festival and a breath every month. The solar term is the beginning of a month and the solar term is the end of a month. In China, the lunar calendar designated the month with only festivals and no breath as the leap month of last month. The festival is lifeless, that is, the lunar leap month.
Because solar terms reflect the process of the earth's orbit around the sun and are an important symbol of the change of seasons throughout the year, they are very important to agricultural production. In order to arrange farming according to solar terms more conveniently, some related folk proverbs have been formed for a long time.
In order to facilitate memory, people have compiled 24 solar terms songs.
Solar term song:
The spring rain shakes the spring and the valley days, and the summer is full of mountains and summers.
Autumn dew, autumn frost, little snow in winter and cold in winter.
The two festivals remain unchanged every month, with a maximum difference of one or two days.
June 2 1 day in the first half of the year, and August 23 in the second half.
A set of advertisements in Central 24 solar terms 15 is divided into a set of advertisements in Central 24 solar terms: Grain Rain, Xiaoman and Changxia.
Beginning of spring: The east wind thaws the fish and puts ice on it.
Rain: Snow and ice melt and peach blossoms bloom.
Stunned: the grass and trees sprout wild geese.
Vernal equinox: Bud tea sows and swallows fly.
Qingming: drizzle flying willow catkins
Grain Rain: Rain gives birth to hundreds of valleys, and spring is full.
Long summer: Mulberry dates irrigated the whole valley.
Xiaoman: Diaosi raises wheat.
Mang seed: harvesting and sowing herons to add fun.
Summer solstice: cotton swabs are shining.
Slight summer heat: knowing the wind and sweating lightly.
Summer: Shower breeds red lotus.
Beginning of autumn: The wind is cold and the leaves are rustling.
Summer: Sunflowers add clothes and are yellow everywhere.
White dew: Dewdrops falling in autumn rain are as white as silver.
Autumnal Equinox: Osmanthus fragrans harvest fragrance full of gardens.
Cold dew: Hongyan flying south crab fat
First frost: hibiscus flowers fall all over the sky.
Beginning of winter: After harvesting onions and pruning, the ground freezes.
Xiaoxue: The stove is white and the goose feathers are floating.
Heavy snow: the glacier is sealed by wintersweet.
Winter solstice: a good year for Xue Rui to prevent freezing.
Slight cold: cold air accumulates for a long time to welcome the twelfth lunar month.
Great cold: Resign the old year and celebrate the New Year at the end of the year.
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baike.baidu/...WpGoSa? What do you mean by Qingming, Long Summer and Xiaoman in the 24 solar terms?
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Long summer solar terms culture-seasonality in farming season. Go to the long summer and check the seedlings. Grain and cotton crops frequently loosen the soil, and herbicides take root under the soil. Rice transplanting is a surprise, and the season cannot be delayed. Continue to plant corn and peanuts, kenaf, turmeric and sesame. Millet is planted on the idle land, and sweet potato is planted on the south slope and the north depression. Wheat is watered with flowering and filling water to prevent rust and wheat aphid. Apples and pears are early and thin, and the fruits are large and dense. Timely prevention and control of jujube koji is generally not suitable for long summer. Cattle, donkeys, mules and horses should be well fed, and epidemic prevention should be checked frequently. Serving needs science, and strength and speed should be skillfully coordinated. Pigs are not as quiet as sheep are not as starry. Still water carp and flowing catfish feed fish, turtles and shrimps scientifically. No one asked the fallen petal outside the second door, and the green Ran Ran was all over the world. Spring competes for the sun, and summer competes for time. The long summer wheat will be pulled out in January. One ear, two ears, in January. Wheat means wind, and rice means rain. The wind blows the flowers and the ground collapses; Rain makes flowers bloom, but it makes you blind. Long summer wheat is grinning, and it can't be short of water. It rains in April in Wang Mai, which is not as bad as that on March 20th. An inch of wheat is not afraid of water, and a foot of wheat is afraid of water. In the long summer, the weather is cool and the wheat harvest is strong. The whole long summer is cloudy, with honey insects (wheat aphids) and jaundice (rust). The weather is dry before and after the long summer, and fire dragons are often indispensable. Wind-borne fire dragon and fog-borne jaundice. Wheat jointing, moths come, wheat is pregnant, and worms come out. Wheat flowering worms grow up and destroy their larvae in the long summer. Peas grow in summer and branch every night. Long summer potato. During the Qingming period, rain flowers were planted in grains, and sweet potatoes were planted before and after the long summer. In the long summer, sesame seeds are full of valleys. Corn in long summer and valleys in Grain Rain. Mung beans grow in summer. Shantou Yantouba Wotou, sesame seeds are planted in spring and oiled in autumn. When the season goes to long summer, plant millet first and then hemp. Side marijuana was planted around the long summer. Long summer grows hemp with seven strands and eight branches. Before and after the long summer, we grow melons and beans. Grow ginger in summer, and harvest "Niang" in summer until the sun. Summer sowing grew rice and Xiaoman planted sesame seeds. Man Cang planted rice in April (early rice) and in May. Plant shallow first, then deep, and insert three or five spring seedlings. Three early seedlings are seven, eight and nine, and late seedlings are four, five and six. Seven nights in the morning, single in the glutinous rice field. Chang Xia is hoeing the ground for three days. The hoe rang and the crops grew. Cotton, listen, people take big steps. If you want good crops, weeding in the fields should be done early. Plant it on the plow and collect it on the hoe. There is water and fire under the hoe. If you don't hoe in summer, you will be hungry in winter. Dry hoe wet, wet hoe dry, dry hoe propaganda. Early hoeing should warm the ground, deep hoeing should not use boards, and more hoeing should be double insurance for drought and flood. It's not good to hoe all over, grass in the old place. Hoes are deep in spring and shallow in summer, and like shaving in autumn (referring to crops in early spring). Shallow head, twice deep, three times and four times hard, five times, six times and seven times without hurting the roots. The first digging (thinning seedlings), the second grasping (deep hoeing), the third and fourth largest hoeing (shallow and quick hoeing). Start, plant twice, run three times and four times. The first seedling, the second grass, the third and the fourth run along the ridge. The first crop of sorghum, the second crop of grain and the third crop of cotton should be deeply hoed. Saline-alkali land, diligent cultivation, has a good harvest. Only when it's time to mow the grass can we ensure a good harvest. Cut land without rain, and replant seedlings with rain. The seedlings are incomplete, so fill them up as soon as possible. In order to keep the seedlings alive, you must bring mud. Put a shovel aside, even at the end of the nest. Take more dirty things and cover them with two hands of yin water. Young seeds will not be slow if they are strict. The seedlings are fixed in baskets, and the aphid plants are moved out of the field. Dig out the seedlings when the solar term comes to long summer. Cotton legs, millet and sheep dung. Wheat seeds are separated, and millet leaves seedlings. If you want to eat millet, millet sheep dung. Sparse and dense, dense and sparse, neither sparse nor dense but strong. In spring, I fell in love with seedlings, but in autumn, I got sparse harvest. Short of grass for a while, short of seedlings for a season. The seedling shortage is more serious than the grass shortage. Grass with seedlings and grass without seedlings; One seedling after another, no peaches. A seedless seedling can't bear peaches. Too few seedlings are left, it's too late to regret. If the seedlings are too thin, the grass is too long and the seedlings are too dense, it is easy to fall down. Sorghum is thick and hard to ventilate, and the straw shriveled and reduced. Sorghum is thick and thin. Nine times out of ten, coarse grains and thin wheat are bad. Thick grain looks good, thin grain eats. If it is not thin or thick, it can be harvested. Proper close planting can't go wrong, and one season's harvest is better than two. The crops that are neither too thin nor too thick are growing well, and the autumn harvest has come to Man Cang. Seedling protection is not long, and it will also reduce production if it is well managed. Picking seedlings is like picking up dung. The stems are round, the stems are flat, the weeds are crisp and hard, and the leaves are cotton. Millet roots spread and weeds spread. Dig the seedlings without grubbing up the roots, and the big tree holds the little grandson. The number of seedlings left depends on soil fertility, taking into account the frost period of varieties, and never use knives (cotton). Not dense or sparse, 3670. Not dense or sparse, 367, sparse land can be five, six, seven (thousand). There is not much cotton, 3600. Cotton seedlings are fixed, and the plants soon become loose. Early intertillage, warm soil, diligent intertillage, flat soil, deep intertillage roots and short internodes in Miao Zhuang. Rough rows, thin rows and edges, evenly embracing plants, moisturizing and keeping warm. The hoe is early and the petals are not so hard. Cotton hoes frequently, and flowers are picked early after autumn. Power wheat hoe grain. No matter how many times you hoe, the more you hoe, the better you look. The mulch grass is getting old. There is a piece of grass on the ridge, like being bitten by a poisonous snake. High yield depends on digging holes. If you want fewer pests, get rid of all the grass beside the fields. Weeding at the edge of the ground reduces pests and diseases. The ground is wet, the temperature is low, and the seedlings are seriously ill. Deep hoe and diligent hoe ... >>
Long summer is one of the 24 solar terms in the lunar calendar. Although it is not a festival, there are many long summers, which is one of the 24 solar terms of the lunar calendar. Although it is not a festival, there are many folk customs. The ancient poem goes: "Long summer is called a person, hanging beam laughs." In the folk, people drink cold drinks to cool off in summer. In summer, there is a custom of boiling tender broad beans in Jiangnan water town. In some places, there is also the custom of calling people in summer. "Calling people" in the Long Summer Festival is mainly popular in southern China. In addition, some places have customs such as tasting new things and breaking eggs. In farming, long summer is also a very important solar term, and there are many agricultural proverbs, such as:
During the Qingming period, rain flowers were planted in grains, and sweet potatoes were planted before and after the long summer.
When the season goes to long summer, plant millet first and then hemp.
Before and after the long summer, we grow melons and beans.
Grow ginger in summer, and harvest "Niang" in summer until the sun.
Peas grow in summer and branch every night. The long summer wheat will be pulled out in January.
Long summer wheat is grinning, and it can't be short of water.
Summer sowing grew rice and Xiaoman planted sesame seeds.
What do you eat in the long summer in the twenty-four solar terms? The origin of the custom of long summer. Before and after the long summer, the temperature in North China and Northwest China rose rapidly, but the precipitation was still not much. In addition, the wind is strong and evaporation is strong in spring. Atmospheric dryness and soil drought often seriously affect the normal growth of crops. Especially, the dry hot wind before and after wheat filling and milk ripening is an important disastrous weather that leads to yield reduction, and timely irrigation is the key measure for drought resistance and disaster prevention. "hoes are everywhere for three days in the long summer", when weeds grow rapidly. "Don't mow the grass for one day, and don't mow it for three days." Intertillage weeding can not only weed, resist drought and prevent waterlogging, but also increase the ground temperature and accelerate the decomposition of soil nutrients, which is of great significance to promote the robust growth of crops such as cotton, corn, sorghum and peanuts at seedling stage.
After the long summer, it is the key period for planting early rice in a large area, and the arrival and amount of rain during this period are closely related to the future harvest. The farmer's proverb says well: "If it doesn't last long in summer, the plow will hang high." "There is no rain in the long summer, and there is no rice in the head." There is also a folk custom of weighing and fearing the heat in summer. Jiangxi also has the custom of drinking tea in long summer, saying that if you don't drink long summer tea, you will feel uncomfortable all summer.
After the long summer, Jiangnan officially entered the rainy season, and the rainfall and rainy days increased significantly. Continuous rainy days not only caused wet damage to crops. It will also cause the prevalence of many diseases. The heading and flowering period of wheat is the most susceptible period to scab. If warm but rainy weather is expected in the future, close attention should be paid to spraying chemicals from the early flowering period to the full flowering period. Cotton in southern China often causes outbreaks of anthracnose, damping-off and other diseases under the weather conditions of continuous rain or sudden warming and cold, resulting in large-scale dead seedlings and lack of seedlings. Necessary measures to increase temperature and reduce humidity should be taken in time, combined with chemical control to protect seedlings and strive for strong seedlings. "There are many kinds of seedlings in the long summer, and more millet is harvested in Man Cang", and it is the red season of early rice transplanting in the north and south of the Yangtze River before and after the long summer. Full-moon seedlings can be planted, but full-moon grass can't be planted. At this time, the temperature is still low. Immediately after planting seedlings, we should strengthen management, topdressing early, ploughing early, controlling pests early and promoting development early. Pay close attention to tail sweeping when sowing mid-season rice. At this time, the spring shoots of tea trees develop fastest. If we ignore them, tea leaves will get old. As the saying goes, "Grain Rain picks less, but doesn't pick it in the long summer", so we should concentrate our efforts and harvest it by surprise in batches.
What are the customs in the long summer?
Summer welcoming ceremony
The word "summer" in "long summer" means "big", which means that the plants sown in spring have grown upright. In ancient times, people attached great importance to the customs and habits of long summer.
On the long summer day, the ancient emperor would lead officials to the southern suburbs of Beijing to welcome the summer and hold a ceremony to welcome the summer. The monarch and his subjects all wear red ceremonial costumes and red jade ornaments, and even horses and car flags should be red to express their desire and good wishes for a bumper harvest.
In the imperial court, "open the ice in summer and give it to the civil and military ministers." Ice was stored last winter and given to officials by the emperor.
In Jiangsu and Zhejiang, people are sad and cherish spring because of the bright spring, so they prepare wine and vegetables for fun, as if they were giving people away, and call it Hunchun. In Fu, Cui Jian said: "Welcome to the summer is the first, and the spring is the last." Wu Outing's poem "Long Summer" also said: "There is no way to go in spring, and the cherry blossoms return in spring."
In the folk, people drink cold drinks to cool off in summer. In summer, there is a custom of boiling tender broad beans in Jiangnan water town. In some places, there is also the custom of calling people in summer.
Taste new activities
Later generations have a festival in summer, such as tasting new things. For example, there is a saying in Suzhou that "three creations are seen in the long summer", and the three creations are cherries, plums and wheat, which are used for ancestor worship. In Changshu, tasting new foods is more abundant, and there is a saying of "nine meats and thirteen vegetables". Nine meats are crucian carp, salted eggs, snails and quenching (that is, cooked with small fire; A cooking method comprises processing with various spices to make chicken, salted fresh, marinated shrimp and cherry meat; Thirteen elements include cherry, plum, wheat silkworm (new wheat is kneaded into thin strips and cooked), bamboo shoot, broad bean, spear tip, pea, cucumber, lettuce, grass head, radish, rose and pine flower. In Nantong, we eat boiled chicken and duck eggs.
Small class 24 solar terms, long summer lesson plan writing lesson plans include the following ten items:
I. Theme (Explain the name of this lesson)
2. Teaching purpose (or teaching requirements, or teaching objectives, indicating the teaching tasks to be completed in this course)
Three. Type of course (indicate whether it is a new course or a review course)
Four. Class hours (specify which class hours you belong to)
5. Teaching focus (explain the key problems that must be solved in this course)
6. Teaching difficulties (knowledge points that easily lead to difficulties and obstacles in learning this course)
Seven. Teaching process (or classroom structure, explaining the contents, methods and steps of teaching)
9. Design of blackboard writing (explain the contents of blackboard writing in class)
X. Teaching AIDS (or preparation of teaching AIDS, indicating the tools used to assist teaching methods)
In the teaching plan writing process, the teaching process is the key, which includes the following steps:
(A) the introduction of new courses
1. The design is novel and lively, and the generalization should be accurate.
Ask those students how long it will take.
(2) teaching new courses
1. Choose different teaching methods according to different teaching contents.
(3) Consolidate exercises
1. The exercise design is exquisite, with layers, slopes and density.
(d) summary
(5) Operation arrangement
When arranging those contents, we should consider the expansibility and ability of knowledge.
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