What are the main climate types in the world? What are their characteristics?

There are 13 climate types in the world. The specific features are as follows:

1, tropical desert climate:

It is hot and dry all year round, with little rain.

2. Mediterranean climate:

Summer is hot and dry, and winter is mild and rainy.

3. Tropical (sparse) grassland climate:

It is very hot all year round, and it is divided into dry season and rainy season.

4, tropical rain forest climate:

It is hot and rainy all year round.

5. Tropical monsoon climate:

The temperature is very high all year round, and there are two seasons: drought and rain.

6, subtropical monsoon and subtropical humid climate:

Summer is hot and rainy, and winter is mild and rainy.

7, temperate maritime climate:

It is mild and rainy all year round.

8, temperate monsoon climate:

Summer is hot and rainy, and winter is cold and dry.

9, temperate continental climate:

Leng Xia is hot in winter, with large annual temperature difference, drought and little rain, and precipitation is scarce and concentrated in summer.

10. Coniferous forest climate in sub-cold zone:

Winter is long and cold, summer is short and cool, and precipitation is scarce and concentrated in summer.

1 1, polar tundra climate:

Winter is long and cold, summer is short and low temperature, and precipitation is scarce and concentrated in the hottest month.

12, polar ice climate:

It is extremely cold all year round, with little precipitation, most of which is less than100 mm.

13, plateau mountain climate:

The vertical change of climate is obvious, and the temperature decreases with the elevation and increases with the elevation. (Generally, the temperature drops by 0.6℃ for every increase of 100 meter. ) Low temperature throughout the year, with small annual temperature difference and large daily temperature difference.

Climate type is the natural condition in this area, which is generally the result of the comprehensive influence of latitude position (direct sunlight and oblique sunlight), atmospheric circulation, land and sea position (monsoon), topography and ocean current. The climate types vary from place to place according to the types.

Extended data:

First, the main reasons:

1, solar radiation:

If the land is exposed to strong sunlight, the ground temperature will be high; If the sun is weak, the ground temperature will be low. The temperature of seawater is stable because it has strong heat transfer ability.

When the land is exposed to strong sunlight, resulting in high land temperature, the air on the land expands and rises. At this time, the air on the sea surface is relatively heavy, and the air on the sea surface flows into the land from the sea surface along the surface.

The lower temperature on the sea surface reduces the air above the sea surface due to contraction, while the air above the ground rises due to air expansion caused by high temperature, so the air at high altitude flows into the ocean from the mainland.

On the other hand, if the ground temperature is lower than the ocean temperature due to the weak sunlight on the land, the air above the ocean will rise, while the air above the land will fall, and the air on the surface will flow from the land to the ocean.

Therefore, the characteristics of temperature and precipitation in different places are different. According to these characteristics, different climates in different places are divided into several types.

2. Atmospheric circulation

3. Underlying surface (land and sea location, ocean current and topography)

Second, the climate type of China:

1, tropical monsoon

Include southern Taiwan Province Province, Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island and Xishuangbanna. Annual accumulated temperature >; =8000℃, the average temperature in Leng Yue is not lower than 15℃, the annual extreme minimum temperature is not lower than 5℃ on average for many years, and the extreme minimum temperature is generally not lower than 0℃, and there is no frost all year round.

2. Subtropical monsoon

China, South China and East China all belong to this climate type. The annual accumulated temperature is between 4500-8000℃, and the average temperature in Leng Yue is 0- 15℃, which is a transitional zone between subtropical zone and temperate zone, and the summer temperature is quite high (average temperature >; =25℃ for at least 6 days, that is, 30 days), and the temperature is quite low in winter.

3. Temperate monsoon

North China belongs to this climate type. The annual accumulated temperature is between 3000 and 4500℃. The average temperature in Leng Yue is between-28 and-0℃, and the average temperature in summer is still above 22℃. The temperature over 25℃ is relatively rare and relatively warm and cool.

In recent years, due to climate warming and other reasons, high temperature weather frequently occurs in southern North China, but the average temperature still does not exceed 25℃.

4. Plateau and mountainous areas

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China belongs to this type of climate. The annual accumulated temperature is lower than 2000℃, the daily average temperature is lower than 10℃, and the hottest temperature is also lower than 5℃ or even lower than 0℃. The daily temperature difference is large and the annual range is small, but the solar radiation is strong and the sunshine is sufficient.

5. Temperate continental nature

The generalized temperate continental climate includes temperate desert climate, temperate grassland climate and sub-frigid coniferous forest climate. In a narrow sense, except for the latter, most of the inland areas of China north of 40 north latitude have temperate continental climate.

Precipitation in these areas is scarce, with an annual precipitation of 300-500mm, and the daily temperature range is large, such as Xinjiang in China.

6. Tropical rain forest

Nansha Islands in China belong to this type of climate. It is hot and rainy all year round, with abundant precipitation. The annual average temperature is 28 to 30 degrees, and the annual precipitation is more than 2,800 millimeters. ..

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Climate Types