What are the types of precipitation?

According to the reason of air ascending movement, precipitation can be divided into four types: convective rain, topographic precipitation, frontal rain and typhoon rain.

1. When the wet airflow in topographic precipitation is blocked by the mountain, it will be forced to rise along the windward slope. At this time, the temperature of the wet airflow will decrease and the water vapor in the air will condense and precipitate, which is called topographic precipitation.

Topographic precipitation usually falls on windward slopes, and airflow crosses the top of the mountain and flows down leeward slopes, resulting in warming and drying, and dry and hot foehn winds appear in some places. Topographic precipitation often increases with the increase of topographic height. If topographic precipitation is not combined with convective rain or frontal rain, the rain will not be very strong.

Second, convective rain mostly occurs in summer afternoons in tropical and temperate regions. When the ground is heated, the air temperature near the ground will rise. Because of the high temperature, evaporation will be strong, and the airflow rich in water vapor will rise sharply. When it reaches high altitude, it will cool into clouds and cause rain. It is called convective rain.

Convective rainfall is characterized by high intensity, short rainfall time and small rain area, often accompanied by lightning and short-term strong wind, also known as thermal thunderstorm, thunderstorm or thunderstorm. The northwest rain in summer afternoon in Taiwan Province Province is convective rain. Convective rain mostly occurs in summer, with short duration and rapid development, but the precipitation is generally not very large, accounting for a small proportion of the annual precipitation. ?

3. When two air masses with different cold and warm properties meet, their contact surfaces are called fronts.

Warm and humid air is lighter than dry and cold air because of its low density, so it will climb along the front, causing water vapor condensation rain, which is called frontal rain. Meiyu in May and June in Taiwan Province Province is frontal rain. Frontal rain mostly occurs in the weather system of temperate cyclones, so it is also called cyclone rain. Most of our country is in temperate zone, where the north-south airflow meets, so the frontal rain is extremely developed.

The proportion of frontal rainfall in all regions is above 60%, over 80% in Central China and North China, and even 70% in the northwest inland. Most cyclones in China occur in the eastern plateau.

Mongolia cyclone, northeast depression and Yellow River cyclone formed in the north. After the cyclone is generated in China, it generally moves to the northeast from the sea surface. Meiyu in the south of the Yangtze River was caused by the intersection of polar air mass and tropical ocean air mass in the south of the Yangtze River in June and July.

Fourth, typhoon rain typhoon rain is the rain brought by storms in tropical oceans. Tropical cyclones appearing on the tropical ocean surface, whose rainfall is mainly caused by the strong convergence and rise of moist air at sea, are called typhoon storms. ?

The scope of tropical cyclone is smaller than that of temperate cyclone, but the clouds are denser and the airflow around the low pressure center is stronger. Where the typhoon passes, the rainstorm is fierce, which can reach hundreds of millimeters at a time, and sometimes it can reach more than 1000 mm, which is very easy to cause disasters.

Extended data:

Precipitation is the product of the comprehensive influence of geographical location, atmospheric circulation and weather system conditions. It is the most basic link in the water cycle and the basic parameter in the water balance equation.

Precipitation is the source of surface runoff and the main source of groundwater recharge. The uneven spatial distribution of precipitation and the instability of time change are the direct causes of floods and droughts.