Vegetable planting knowledge

Taxonomically, vegetables belonging to the same family are not suitable for rotation, such as tomatoes, eggplant, peppers and sweet peppers, which belong to Solanaceae, so they are not suitable for rotation.

Cucumber: The first crop of spring cucumber is mostly autumn vegetables or spring side dishes and winter side dishes, and the second crop is suitable for planting a variety of autumn vegetables. The first crop of cucumber in summer and autumn is suitable for all kinds of spring and summer vegetables, and the second crop is suitable for winter vegetables or spring side dishes. Cucumber and tomato inhibit each other and are not suitable for rotation and interplanting.

Tomato: 3-5 years rotation, not continuous cropping with solanaceae crops, with various leafy vegetables and root vegetables in the previous crop and leafy vegetables and root vegetables in the next crop, intercropping with short-stemmed crops or vegetables, such as edamame, Chinese cabbage, fennel, onion and garlic.

Tomato in autumn shed and interplanting with side dishes can reduce the ground temperature. Intercropping sweet corn and tomato can induce moths to lay eggs and eliminate them centrally.

Eggplant: The previous crop is winter leafy vegetables, and vegetables with short growth period such as early-maturing Chinese cabbage, early-maturing Chinese cabbage, spring radish, water radish and cherry radish can also be interplanted, and autumn vegetables such as Chinese cabbage can be planted in the next crop.

Pepper: it is not suitable for continuous cropping with solanaceae crops, nor for intercropping with short-stem crops such as leafy vegetables, root vegetables and peanuts.

Melon: Avoid continuous cropping. Rotation for 3 ~ 5 years. Avoid continuous cropping with other melons. It is best to take leafy vegetables as the first and last crop of melons, and the next crop of leafy vegetables can obviously increase production.

Beans: including kidney beans, peas, Dutch beans, sweet and crisp beans, decorated beans and so on. , not suitable for continuous cropping, rotation for more than 3 years, the previous crop is autumn and winter vegetables or idle land.

Carrots: The crops before carrots in autumn and winter are mostly wheat, spring cabbage, spring cabbage and beans. Subsequent crops can be inoculated with wheat, onions, spring cabbage, green onions, potatoes and so on.

Potatoes: The first crops are onions, garlic and cucumbers, followed by cereal crops and soybeans. Solanaceae crops should not be rotated with each other, nor with root vegetables.

When interplanting with other crops, we should pay attention to: ① Choose early-maturing varieties with short plants. ② Shorten the growth period of * * * as much as possible and stagger the peak period of organ formation. ③ There is less competition for temperature, light, moisture, fertilizer and impact management.

Onion: Continuous cropping is the most taboo. It takes more than 3 years to cultivate Chinese cabbage and melon vegetables with onion stubble in rotation with food crops. Early-maturing radish was interplanted in the early growth stage of Chinese onion, and winter crops such as spinach were interplanted in the later stage.

Garlic: Avoid continuous cropping or continuous cropping with other Allium plants. Early-maturing beans, melons, eggplant and potatoes are the best crops for garlic sowing in autumn. Spring sowing garlic is best matched with autumn beans, melons, pumpkins and eggplant. This is a good previous crop for other crops.

Chinese cabbage: not suitable for continuous cropping with cruciferous crops such as rice.

Rotation planting: ① choose vegetables with early harvest, such as eggplant; (2) Choose vegetables such as cucumber and watermelon which have been fertilized more in the previous crop; (3) Onion and garlic as previous crops can reduce pests and diseases. Planting Chinese cabbage on leek ridge or between garlic ridges can obviously reduce diseases.

Chinese cabbage and Wuta vegetable: it can be rotated with melons, beans, root vegetables and field crops. Spring vegetables can be interplanted with solanaceous fruits, beans and melons. Summer and autumn vegetables can be paired with celery, chrysanthemum and carrots. Autumn and early autumn cabbage can be interplanted with cauliflower, cabbage and autumn potatoes. Intercropping spring cabbage and lettuce in winter.

Shepherd's purse Shepherd's purse: The best first crop of autumn sowing shepherd's purse is tomato and cucumber; Garlic comes before shepherd's purse in spring. Avoid continuous cropping.

White gourd: 5-6 white gourd plants are planted with ginger, one side is planted with kudzu vine, and the other side is planted with taro. Interplanting winter melon or pepper eggplant in leek beds after April and May; Tomato interplanting with wax gourd; Intercropping bulbous fennel, lettuce, cabbage and lobular vegetables under the melon frame; Winter melon interplanting ginger in mountainous area.

Watermelon: rotation for more than 5 ~ 8 years. Rotation crops are: wheat, rice, corn, radish, sweet potato and green manure.

Lotus root: Lotus root and rice rotate. After the early lotus root harvest, you can plant cress, arrowhead, water chestnut and watercress. Lotus root is often rotated with arrowhead, water chestnut and water bamboo every other year, or intercropped with water bamboo.

Lettuce: The first crop can be onion, garlic and cucumber, followed by strawberries and tomatoes.

Generally, it is better to arrange solanaceous vegetables with more phosphorus after leafy vegetables with more nitrogen. Cucumber, celery and spinach absorb fertilizer quickly, so it is best to plant tomatoes, eggplant and peppers that absorb more organic fertilizer in the next crop.

Pay attention to the effects of various vegetables on soil pH value. Planting potatoes and cabbage will increase soil acidity, while planting corn and pumpkin will reduce soil acidity. Therefore, onion vegetables sensitive to acidity can obtain higher yield as the following crops of corn and pumpkin.

Vegetables should be long and short, with more fat and less fat. Planting leguminous vegetables can increase soil organic matter content and improve soil fertility, while planting leafy vegetables with more nitrogen for a long time will make the nutrient elements in the soil out of balance.