How did the Red Army skillfully cross the Jinsha River?

The behind-the-scenes story of crossing the Jinsha River skillfully commemorates the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Long March.

Background:1In late March, 935, after the Red Army crossed Chishui and Wujiang in the south, Mao Zedong and others decided to go north to Sichuan via Yunnan. In order to transfer the Yunnan army out of Yunnan, the main striker of the Central Red Army approached Guiyang, which frightened Chiang Kai-shek who was in charge of the war in Guiyang. Chiang Kai-shek urgently dispatched all Kuomintang troops, including the Yunnan army, to Guiyang to "protect". When the enemy concentrated in Guiyang, the Red Army entered Yunnan lightly and then crossed the Jinsha River in early May.

Mao Zedong directed the crossing in the cave.

This used to be a row of caves where caravans lived and stayed on the north shore of Jinsha River. The cave walls are sharp and the ground is uneven. The first set of independent holes in the west is two inside and outside, but the total area is less than 10 square meter. /kloc-On the evening of September, 2002, the reporter came here, only to see flowers blooming outside the cave and the sunset was like blood. 7 1 years ago, Mao Zedong and his comrades-in-arms were here to command the Red Army to skillfully cross the Jinsha River.

According to Mao Zedong security guard Chen Changfeng, Mao Zedong walked more than 65,438,000 kilometers a day to get here. After that, he began to work with the security guards, spreading tarpaulins on two iron suitcases, using documents as tables and backpacks as stools. Four telephones were installed in the cave, and Mao Zedong stayed here for one day and one night and ate two meals.

When the Red Army arrived, it was already spring, flowers were red and green to the south of Yunling, and bees were flying in groups. The Red Army got a great gift in Yunnan-it seized 20 military maps of Yunnan, Xuanwei ham, Yunnan Baiyao and many other materials given by Yunnan warlord Long Yun to the Kuomintang Central Army. Long Yun originally intended to transport it by plane, but the pilot was ill that day and had to switch to a car, but the car somehow entered the Red Army station.

In Yunnan, Mao Zedong "did the same thing again", and Red Army soldiers crossed Kunming. Long Yun, not forgetting the past, transferred soldiers from the whole province to be a "diligent king". The Jinsha River, which is located 100 km north of Kunming, is obviously empty. At the beginning of May, 1935, the Red Army divided into three columns: left, middle and right, and took the opportunity to attack the Jinsha River.

The Red Army seized the ferry without any casualties.

On September 12, the reporter went to Jiaopingdu Village, Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County, Yunnan Province. Jiaopingdu is located on the south bank of Jinsha River, and the north bank is Sichuan Province where the Red Army crosses Jinsha River. Villager Pei Qing told reporters the story of his father-in-law Zhang Chaoman and his father-in-law's cousin Zhang Chaoshou helping the Red Army cross the river. Both old people have passed away.

The Zhang brothers used to live in Hongmenchang village not far from Jiaopingdu. They are landlords' tenants and boatmen, and Zhang Chaoshou opened a small hotel at the head of the village. 1935 On the evening of May 3rd, the whole village fell asleep, but the lights were still on in Zhang Chaoshou's shop. Suddenly, someone knocked at the door. Zhang Chaoshou opened the door and saw that it was an octagonal hat worn by the Red Army-the vanguard of the Zhongzhu Cadre Regiment. Cadre regiment led by Liu Bocheng, chief of staff, seized Kyaukphyu.

The Red Army asked Zhang Chaoshou to help find a boat to cross the Jinsha River. At that time, the leader of Jiaopingdu had received a "feather fire letter" from the district office (a letter with a feather charcoal, indicating an urgent need) and concentrated the boat on the north shore. A commander of the Red Army with a rifle slung around his waist saw that Zhang Chaoyang was naked and even had no clothes, so he took off his cotton-padded clothes for him.

Under the leadership of Zhang Chaoshou, the Red Army soon came to Jiaopingdu and seized a ship carrying undercover Kuomintang spies. A platoon of the Red Army crossed the Jinsha River and touched the Kuomintang Lijin Bureau on the north bank (responsible for collecting taxes from businessmen, from which the Kuomintang government controlled the ferry). Zhang Chaoshou came to the North Shore with the Red Army. Lijin Bureau was in complete darkness. The commander of the Red Army said to Zhang Chaoshou, "We have no local accent. Come and call the door. " Zhang Chaoshou said at the gate of Lijin Bureau that he would pay taxes and cross the river. Unexpectedly, the reply inside was: "No business discussion before dawn." Zhang Chaoshou said that if you don't open the door, you won't pay taxes. The door finally opened inside, but they were greeted by a dark muzzle. The Red Army took control of both sides of the ferry without any casualties, and alerted the north to Huili County, Sichuan.

The names of 37 boatmen are engraved on the monument.

On September 12, in the green trees and grass on the north bank of Jiaopingdu, the reporter paid a memorial to a stone tablet: "* * * The Republic of China will never forget the 37 boatmen who helped the Red Army of Chinese workers and peasants to cross the river: Zhang Chaoshou and Zhang Chaoman ..." The reporter noticed that some boatmen didn't even have names, but only engraved on the stone tablet "Xiangdisao Craftsman" and "Yang Mazi Old Man". 7 1 years ago, these ordinary people helped 30 thousand Red Army soldiers cross the Jinsha River.

After the Red Army took control of Jiaoping Ferry, with the help of Zhang Chaoshou, it found seven ferries and gathered more than 30 boatmen. The Red Army set up a river crossing headquarters and formulated the Rules for Crossing the River, and thousands of troops began to cross the river. There stands a big stone on the bank of Jiaoping River, formerly known as the leading stone. General Liu Bocheng once stood on it and commanded the Red Army to cross the river. Now the masses respectfully call him "General Stone".

Jinsha river 140 meters wide, the river hits the stones, and the white waves are sky-high. The boatman, led by Zhang Chaoshou, has six people on board, three people in one shift every hour, braving the wind and waves and shuttling day and night. The head of the Red Army personally held a meeting with the boatman to study the problem of crossing the river, and he was also very concerned about the boatman's life. Pei Qing told us that his father-in-law, Zhang Chaoman, mentioned many times before his death that the Red Army not only paid each boatman five silver dollars every day, but also killed pigs every day to entertain them. Later, I couldn't buy pigs, so I bought donkeys. Liu Bocheng, chief of the general staff, said to them, "There is dragon meat in the sky and donkey meat on the ground. If you have no food, please eat donkey meat." Once the boatman casually said that there was sand in the rice, which immediately caught the attention of the chief. From then on, the Red Army cooks carefully picked up the sand before cooking for the boatmen.

By May 9, 1935, the Central Red Army had crossed the Jiaoping River and the Jinsha River with the No.1 1 and No.3 Legions of the left and right columns. Yu Guizhi, the widow of Li, the boatman who helped the Red Army cross the river, told us that some injured mules and horses could not cross the river, so the Red Army gave them to the poor. On May 1 1, Kuomintang troops chased Jiaopingdu and found only a few broken sandals left by the Red Army. Since then, the Central Red Army has jumped out of the encirclement and interception circle of the Kuomintang army and gained the initiative to move forward.

After the Red Army left, Kuomintang soldiers reoccupied Jiaopingdu. Some boatmen who helped the Red Army cross the river were persecuted. Zhang Chaoman gave the local leaders a jar of wine and a sheep before hiding. Zhang Chaoshou was criticized. Pei Qing said that the old people said before their death that they had no regrets in helping the Red Army cross the river.

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