The favorable influence of transporting grain from the north to the south

The favorable influence of transporting grain from north to south is from "transferring grain from south to north" to "transporting grain from north to south"

In Dalian Beiliang Port, hundreds of tons of corn are loaded on the dock every day and go south along the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea. This northeast grain logistics "leader" with a total investment of 6 billion yuan now connects 200 port warehouses, transit warehouses and storage warehouses, and has become one of the main channels of "transporting grain from the north to the south".

Thousands of miles away in the Laotangshan Deepwater Port in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, a steady stream of grain carriers from the north constantly fills the annual grain gap of 654.38 billion Jin in Zhejiang Province. People from Zhejiang Grain Bureau said that at present, Zhejiang is the second largest grain-selling province in China, and about half of the grain is transferred from outside the province. It is estimated that by 20 15, 70% of the grain in the whole province will be transported or transited by Zhoushan Grain and Oil Logistics Base.

The head of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture said that the three major traditional grain producing areas in China are the Yangtze River Basin, the Huanghuaihai Plain and the Northeast. Historically, the grain supply in China has always been a pattern of "transferring grain from south to north".

In ancient China, the grain production and supply of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hubei provinces occupied an important position in the whole country. According to records, there were more than 9,000 tankers carrying grain from south to north on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty collected 4 million stone grains from the south and transported them to the north every year. The relevant person in charge of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture said that this situation has undergone a major reversal in the past 10 year.

Zhang Baowen, Vice Minister of Agriculture, said that the regional focus of grain production in China has gradually shifted from south to north and from east to west, and the trend of "transporting grain from north to south" and "transporting grain from west to west" has become increasingly obvious. At present, the Huang-Huai-Hai region maintains the main supply position of commodity wheat, and the northeast region has become the main supply place of commodity grain such as japonica rice and corn, among which the grain transferred from the northeast accounts for about 60% of the whole country.

When it comes to the causes of "transporting grain from the north to the south", the relevant person in charge of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture believes that there are five major factors. First of all, production and supply in the north have increased. This is due to the comprehensive development of agriculture in the north, the construction of commodity grain bases and the improvement of water conservancy facilities. Second, the demand in the southern market has increased. The development of animal husbandry and feed industry in the south has driven the grain from the north to the south. The third is the upgrading of consumption structure. The economic growth in the south has boosted the consumption level and increased the demand for high-quality rice (japonica rice) in the northeast. Fourth, regional changes in grain cultivation. The area of rice in the south is decreasing, and the status of rice in the north is getting higher and higher. Fifth, the population flows to the south. A large number of migrant workers have gathered in the southeast coast, and their food consumption has increased the amount of "transporting grain from the north to the south".

Wan, a well-known agricultural expert and member of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), commented that the current situation of "transporting grain from the north to the south" in China is the result of the organic combination of regional resource advantages and market demand.

The lag of grain logistics restricts the transportation of grain from the north to the south.

Sun Licheng, former president of Jilin Agricultural University, said that since 2003, China's total grain output has been relatively stable, and the current grain situation is in a state of "tight balance" between production and sales. Due to the obvious geographical distribution of grain production and marketing, the total annual grain flow in China is as high as 65.438+0.7 billion tons, of which the inter-provincial grain flow is about 70 million tons.

According to the analysis of grain experts, with the improvement of grain production capacity and the change of market supply and demand, the inter-provincial grain transportation volume represented by "transporting grain from north to south" is increasing day by day, and the main contradiction that restricts "transporting grain from north to south" is highlighted in the low efficiency and high cost of the existing grain logistics system.

Liu Jincheng, the chairman of Dalian Free Trade Zone Jujirun International Trade Co., Ltd., gave a rough calculation to the reporter: "The transportation of grain from the north to the south" mainly depends on railway and sea transportation. He usually buys corn locally in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, and transports it to the railway station after weight reduction, weighing and packaging in woven bags. The cost is about per ton of 40 yuan; The train is transported to Dalian Port, and the freight per ton is more than 50 yuan; From the railway station to the port terminal grain depot, per ton 15 yuan; The shipping cost of corn is more than 60 yuan per ton; If shipped to Fujian, the sea freight will range from 60 yuan to 80 yuan per ton. Together with the port storage fee and two thousandths of corn loss along the way, one ton of corn is transported from the northeast to Fujian through Dalian Port, and the transportation cost is at least around 250 yuan, and the circulation cost accounts for 30% of the total sales cost.

The reporter visited the northern production and marketing areas and found that there are at least three obstacles in the construction of grain logistics system: First, the level of grain depot construction in the main producing areas is generally lagging behind, and many grains are stored in simple open-air grain depots built with reed mats, bamboo chips and other equipment. Second, the supporting facilities of bulk grain are poor, and some resources are idle. Third, the railway capacity is tight and the waterway potential is insufficient. Liu Jincheng said that if the long-distance transportation catches up with the shortage of wagons, enterprises will have to pay high "fare requirements". A wagon costs about 5,000 yuan, which is equivalent to a ton of grain increasing the cost of 80 yuan.

Liu, deputy director of Jilin Grain Research Institute, and other experts said that grain logistics is closely connected with the production and sales areas of "transporting grain from the north to the south", and efforts should be made to optimize and integrate existing resources and improve grain circulation capacity. The urgent task is to develop the potential of water transportation, adjust policies to make it more competitive than railway transportation costs, guide grain transportation enterprises to open up a fast track of "transporting grain from the north to the south" between Northeast China, Liaoning Port and Southeast coastal provinces and cities.

Prevent "energy-based" grain from rushing headlong into the herd and affecting "transporting grain from the north to the south"

A few years ago, the relevant departments were still worried about the way out for aged corn; Nowadays, when technological progress and changes in international energy supply and demand find an energy outlet for corn-processing it into fuel ethanol to "raise cars", they begin to worry about the possible impact on food security caused by blindly launching projects in various places.

Bai Mei Jin, president of China Grain Economic Association, said at the recent Northeast Grain Logistics Conference that in the past two years, the upsurge of corn processing plants in Shangma swept the main producing areas in Northeast China, and concentrated on investing in fuel ethanol projects. Jilin, as a major corn province, recently built and expanded more than one large-scale processing plant 10, with a processing capacity of120,000 tons to150,000 tons, while the total output of corn in Jilin Province is about180,000 tons. According to the estimation of the grain department of Jilin Province, there will be no corn transfer in two or three years.

Shandong Fufeng Company is an influential corn deep processing enterprise in China. The person in charge admitted that the current corn price is rising rapidly, and it is increasingly difficult to organize the supply of corn in Northeast China.

The joint research project of Dalian Commodity Exchange and National Grain and Oil Information Center predicts that China will become a net importer of corn from 2007 within two years.

In fact, due to the promotion of energy-based processing, the price of corn in China has been rising continuously since 2006, and the price has been "upside down" for the first time: the price of corn is higher than that of wheat, rewriting the price relationship of various grain varieties and having an impact on the latest round of grain and oil price increase. To this end, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments issued a notice at the end of 2006, requiring all localities not to illegally build biofuel ethanol projects in the name of corn processing, and to clean up corn processing enterprises everywhere.

This is a "brake" for the "car fever" of grain.

The reporter's investigation found that the economic development in the northeast grain-producing areas is relatively backward, the local finance is tight, and farmers' income is slow, which makes local farmers and grain farmers very anxious. Moderate development of corn deep processing will promote the enthusiasm of farmers in Northeast China, increase farmers' income and promote local economic development. However, relevant persons from the Industry Department of the Development and Reform Commission stressed that the basic national conditions of China, with a large population and a small population, and the irreversible trend of decreasing cultivated land and water resources, have determined that food security has always been a major strategic issue for the country. Rushing headlong into mass action and blind construction are not only detrimental to the adjustment of agricultural structure and the healthy development of corn processing industry, but also may endanger food security and must be regulated.

Where to go from "transporting grain from the north to the south"

The relevant person in charge of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture said that behind the grain circulation pattern is a series of policy orientations for regional economic development. "Grain transportation from the north to the south" shifts the pressure of grain supply from the south to the north, which requires a series of balanced regional institutional arrangements, such as increasing financial support for the main grain producing areas in the north and improving the subsidy level for grain farmers.

After China joined the WTO, China's grain industry gradually merged into the global economy. Some experts have suggested that due to the increasing cost of domestic grain production and the high cost of "transporting grain from the north to the south", China's grain circulation can consider the strategy of "export from the north (mouth) to the south (mouth)", that is, the northern corn is exported nearby and the southern corn is imported appropriately.

Wan put forward different views on this. He analyzed that the global corn trade volume is about 90 billion kilograms, of which the United States accounts for 50%. At present, the US corn conversion fuel ethanol has exceeded the export volume, and the US corn export volume will be greatly reduced in the next few years. As Professor Brown of the American Earth Policy Institute said, "There are 800 million car engines in the world competing for food with nearly 2 billion poor people in the world." With the decrease of international food sources and the rapid development of biomass energy, the risk of China relying on imports to maintain the balance between food supply and demand is further increased, and the strategy of "going south" will fail.

Wan said, just like corn, it is difficult to replace japonica rice in northeast China and transport it to the south. At present, the trade volume of rice in the international market is about 27.5 billion kilograms per year, which is only about 15% of China's rice production. In the international trade volume of rice, japonica rice accounts for less than 10%. In recent years, more than 654.38+0.5 billion kilograms of rice have been transferred from Northeast China every year. It is difficult for South China to replace the rice imported from Northeast China through the international market, not only the total amount is difficult to meet, but also the variety structure is difficult to guarantee.

Based on this, Wan believes that from the overall interests of the country and the interests of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and from the development trend of international grain trade, the balance of grain supply and demand in China must always be based on domestic resources, and the international market can only be used as an adjustment for China's cross-year and cross-variety grain trade.

Experts pointed out that during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, there will be some new changes in China's grain circulation, but overall, the pattern of "transporting grain from the north to the south" will continue. However, the outflow of raw grain in the main grain producing areas in the north will be reduced, replaced by the increase of finished grain and deep-processed grain products. Moderate support for this changing trend will help to mobilize the production enthusiasm of grain farmers in the north.

What are the benefits of transporting grain from the north to the south? First of all, production and supply in the north have increased. This is due to the comprehensive development of agriculture in the north, the construction of commodity grain bases and the improvement of water conservancy facilities.

Second, the demand in the southern market has increased. The development of animal husbandry and feed industry in the south has driven the grain from the north to the south.

The third is the upgrading of consumption structure. The economic growth in the south has boosted the consumption level and increased the demand for high-quality rice (japonica rice) in the northeast.

Fourth, regional changes in grain cultivation. The area of rice in the south is decreasing, and the status of rice in the north is getting higher and higher.

Fifth, the population flows to the south. A large number of migrant workers have gathered in the southeast coast, and their food consumption has increased the amount of "transporting grain from the north to the south".

The three traditional major grain producing areas in China are the Yangtze River Basin, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and the Northeast. Historically, the grain supply in China has always been a pattern of "transferring grain from south to north".

In ancient China, the grain production and supply of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hubei provinces occupied an important position in the whole country. According to records, there were more than 9,000 tankers carrying grain from south to north on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty collected 4 million stone grains from the south and transported them to the north every year. The relevant person in charge of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture said that this situation has undergone a major reversal in the past 10 year.

What does it mean to transport grain from the north to the south?

China ancient grain was transported from the south to the north, and now it is transported from the north to the south. The three traditional major grain producing areas in China are the Yangtze River Basin, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and the Northeast. Historically, the grain supply in China has always been a pattern of "transferring grain from south to north".

In ancient China, the grain production and supply of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hubei provinces occupied an important position in the whole country. According to records, there were more than 9,000 tankers carrying grain from south to north on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty collected 4 million stone grains from the south and transported them to the north every year. The relevant person in charge of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture said that this situation has undergone a major reversal in the past 10 year.

First of all, production and supply in the north have increased. This is due to the comprehensive development of agriculture in the north, the construction of commodity grain bases and the improvement of water conservancy facilities. Second, the demand in the southern market has increased. The development of animal husbandry and feed industry in the south has driven the grain from the north to the south. The third is the upgrading of consumption structure. The economic growth in the south has boosted the consumption level and increased the demand for high-quality rice (japonica rice) in the northeast. Fourth, regional changes in grain cultivation. The area of rice in the south is decreasing, and the status of rice in the north is getting higher and higher. Fifth, the population flows to the south. A large number of migrant workers have gathered in the southeast coast, and their food consumption has increased the amount of "transporting grain from the north to the south".

The beneficial effects of summer drought Although viewed from Marxist materialist dialectics, the problem of summer drought is bound to have its favorable and unfavorable effects. But for a single object, there must be situations where the advantages outweigh the disadvantages or the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. Therefore, for agriculture, industry and people's life in southern China, the harm of summer drought is obvious, and the benefits are subtle. Most of the so-called advantages are not enjoyed by most people. For example, when the summer drought comes, crops are not growing well and industrial water is scarce, people are bored and breathless. This will greatly increase the demand for water conservancy equipment and new technologies, such as air conditioning, cooling oil, mint paste and other necessities, which is beneficial to enterprises engaged in related equipment and medicinal materials.

The favorable influence of river cascade on shipping; The development of river cascade and the construction of multiple dams will reduce the river gap in each dam and be beneficial to navigation; Building dams in the basin can regulate river runoff and improve shipping conditions in the middle and lower reaches. Dam construction can widen and deepen the upstream of the reservoir, improve shipping conditions and increase the tonnage of upstream ships.

The effective measures to alleviate the uneven spatial distribution of water resources in China are: transporting grain from the north to the south; Transfer water from south to north; Building a reservoir; (d) Returning farmland to China due to uneven regional distribution of water resources; In order to make rational use of water resources, it is necessary to build inter-basin water transfer projects, such as the Yellow River Diversion Project, to transfer water from the Yellow River to Qingdao to solve the problem of insufficient water supply in Qingdao. At present, the planned South-to-North Water Transfer Project will transfer water from the Yangtze River basin to the water-deficient North China.

Therefore, choose: B.

The favorable influence of the cold wave The freezing rain and snow weather brought by the cold wave is extremely harmful to transportation. It will cause the railway station switch to freeze, the track to be buried by snow, the communication signal to fail, and the train execution to be blocked. After the rain and snow, the roads were frozen and skidded, and traffic accidents increased obviously.

Cold wave is very harmful to human health, and windy and cool weather can easily lead to colds, tracheitis, coronary heart disease, pulmonary heart disease, stroke,

Asthma, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, migraine and other diseases sometimes aggravate the patient's condition.

Few people mention that the cold wave also has beneficial effects. The research and analysis of geographers show that the cold wave contributes to the heat exchange on the earth's surface. With the increase of latitude, the energy received by the earth from solar radiation gradually weakened, so the earth formed tropical, temperate and cold zones. The cold wave injects a lot of cold air into tropical areas, which makes large-scale heat exchange on the ground, which is very helpful to maintain the ecological balance of nature and maintain the lush species.

Meteorologists believe that the cold wave is the guarantee of good weather. China is affected by monsoon, and the winter climate is dry, which is a dry season. However, whenever the cold wave invades the south, it will often bring a wide range of rain and snow weather, alleviate the winter drought and benefit crops. Why can the agricultural proverb "Xue Ruizhao has a good year" be circulated among the people for generations? This is because snow water has a high nitrogen content, which is more than five times that of ordinary water, and can greatly increase the nitrogen in the soil. Snow water can also accelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter, thus increasing the organic fertilizer in the soil. The heavy snow covered the overwintering crops and played the role of a quilt, keeping out the cold and keeping warm.

There is a saying that "winter is not cold, and the coming year is not abundant", which also has its scientific truth. Experts in crop pest control believe that the low temperature brought by the cold wave is the most effective natural "insecticide" at present, which can kill a large number of pests and germs lurking in the soil for the winter, or inhibit their reproduction and reduce pests and diseases in the coming year. According to the survey data of agricultural technology stations around the country, pesticides can be saved by more than 60% in the year of heavy snow and winter closure.

Cold waves can also bring wind resources. Scientists believe that wind is a valuable energy source without pollution. The power generation efficiency of the world-famous Miyakojima wind power station during the cold wave is 1.5 times that of the usual one.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China? Beneficial impact on water receiving areas: alleviating the shortage of water resources and promoting local economic development.

Adverse effects: destroying local ecological environment, reducing soil fertility and aggravating salinization.

Favorable impact on the transfer-out area: reducing flood control pressure.

Adverse effects: it will also destroy vegetation and reduce soil fertility!

The beneficial influence of the plateau The influence of the plateau on people must exist, because it is science. Therefore, in order to maintain a good state in plateau work and life, we must have a rigorous scientific attitude and optimistic revolutionary spirit. A rigorous scientific attitude is to respect the law and acknowledge the influence of altitude hypoxia on people. We can neither exaggerate nor ignore the physiological impact of altitude on people, but adopt a scientific way to adapt to the living conditions at altitude. Optimistic revolutionary spirit means that we can't talk about the plateau just because of its influence on human physiology, but we should actively face the hardships of natural conditions, take pleasure in suffering, and strive to find pleasure from monotonous life.