Several problems about the Olympic Sailing Competition

1900 Paris Olympic Games, sailing became an Olympic event, and the time-shifting system was implemented. Since then, the competition form and level of sailing have been constantly changing, and ships have been constantly improving. At present, according to the weight and size of the participating ships, the participating ships are divided into several standard levels.

Sailing is one of the water sports. Sailing competition is a sport in which athletes drive sailboats at a specified speed on the field.

In sailing, athletes rely on the natural wind to act on the sails and drive the ships forward. It is a sports event that integrates competition, entertainment, viewing and exploration. It has high ornamental value and is deeply loved by people.

Modern sailing has become one of the most popular and favorite sports activities in coastal countries and regions around the world, and it is also an important content for people of all countries to carry out sports and cultural exchanges.

Often engaged in sailing, can enhance physical fitness, exercise will. Especially in unpredictable circumstances, changes in conditions such as waves, meteorology and hydrology, fighting with the wind and waves can cultivate the spirit of fighting with nature and challenging yourself.

First, the origin and evolution of sailboats

Sailing originated in Europe and its history can be traced back to ancient times. Navigation is the witness of the struggle between human beings and nature, and the history of navigation is as long as the history of human civilization.

Sailing as a competition event, the earliest written records can be found in the works of Virgil, an ancient Roman poet, more than 900 years ago. /kloc-In the 3rd century, Venice began to hold regular sailing competitions. At that time, there was no uniform specification and grade for regatta.

Sailing originated in Holland. Ancient Holland was very low-lying, so many canals were dug, and people usually used small sailboats to transport or fish. This kind of boat is made of a single raft or bamboo raft, and it is the earliest sailing boat in the world.

1662, the king of England held a sailing race between England and Holland, and the route was from Greenwich to Grousson and then to Greenwich. This is an early large-scale sailing competition.

/kloc-in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, sailing clubs and sailing associations were born one after another. Around 1720, Britain, the United States, Sweden, Germany, France, Russia and other countries have successively established sailing clubs or sailing competition associations, and large-scale sailing competitions are often held among countries. For example, in 1870, the United States and Britain held 1 the famous "America's Cup" transatlantic yacht race. 1900 held the first large yacht race in the world.

1906, English B? Smith and Sisk? Steiner made a special trip to Europe and the United States to discuss the level and rules of international sailing competition with sailing leaders, and proposed to establish an international sailing competition federation. 1907, the International Sailing Federation, the world's first international sailing organization, was formally established. The full name of the FIA is the International Sailing Federation, or "ISAF" for short. ISAF is one of the largest individual sports federations in the world, with 122 member countries (or regions) and 8 1 sailing classes under its jurisdiction. ISAF established the International Federation of Disabled Sailing (IFDS) to engage in sailing for the disabled.

At present, there are 9 levels of events entering the Olympic Games, 1 1 events. The current chairman of ISAF is Goran of Sweden? Goran Peterson.

China Sailing and Windsurfing Association, referred to as "China Sailing Association". The full name is China Sailing Association, abbreviated as "CYA". China Sailing Association is a national sports association recognized by the Chinese Olympic Committee and a national mass sports organization with independent legal personality. China Sailing Association is the leading organization of sailing and windsurfing in China and the only legal organization representing China in international sailing organizations.

Second, the origin and evolution of windsurfing

Windsurfing is a new water sport between sailing and surfing. Windsurfing consists of a board with stabilizer, a mast with universal joint, a sail and a mast.

Athletes use the natural wind from the sail to stand on the board, manipulate the sail through the mast to make the sail board run at a certain speed on the water, and turn by changing the wind center of the sail and the center of gravity of the board.

The windsurfing equipment has simple structure and low cost. A leaf "boat" is driving at high speed in the blue sea and blue sky, which is fascinating and fascinating, and makes people feel back to nature. This is a sport that people will never get tired of.

In sailing, athletes are always fighting against the wind and waves, which can hone their will and make people's physical strength, endurance, balance and agility develop in an all-round way.

Windsurfing is a level of Olympic competition.

Windsurfing originated in the Hawaiian Islands, a world surfing resort in the late 1960s.

During 1967, a lengthened surfboard with a rotatable mast appeared in Mariner Harbor, California, USA, which was favored by teenagers. After that, it gradually formed a kind of sports, which was widely carried out in European and American countries. 1974 held the first world windsurfing championship, and the International Windsurfing Association held many international competitions every year.

Windsurfing was accepted as a member of the Olympic family as a class of sailing in 198 1, and windsurfing was listed as an official event for the first time in the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984.

All large-scale integrated sailing events have windsurfing competitions, and professional series events are held regularly all over the world every year.

Iii. The history of sailing in the Olympic Games

1896, sailing was listed as the official event of 1 Olympic Games, but the sailing competition of 1 Olympic Games could not be held due to bad weather conditions. 1900 The second Olympic Games was held in Paris, France, and the sailing competition was divided into seven levels. Except for the third Olympic Games held in St. Louis, USA, there is no sailing competition, and all other Olympic Games have it.

From the 4th Olympic Games of 1908, the classification was changed to hull length. Before the 9th Olympic Games, it was classified by weight or length, such as the class below 0.5 tons, the class below 0.5~ 1 ton, the class below 12 meters, and the class below 8 meters. In the early Olympic Games, the ship type was not fixed. Now the competition has been strictly divided according to the level, and ships with similar weight and size are classified into the same competition level.

With the constant change of competition level, ships are also constantly improving. The appearance of FRP reduces the cost of boats and improves the technological level. Lightweight and small sailboats gradually replaced the old sailboats. In the competition level stipulated by the Olympic Games, small sailboats will gradually replace large sailboats. 1976, 2 1 Olympic Games, all six classes were changed to sailboats with lighter hulls. The 25th Barcelona Olympic Games has the highest level of competition, with the level of male and female 10.

At present, the sailing competition in the Olympic Games adopts the Olympic trapezoidal route or downwind route. Sailing was originally a mixed sport for men and women. Since the 1988 Olympic Games, men and women have set up separate events. 1988 The Seoul Olympic Games set up the women's 470-level competition. In 2004, the Sorin class was deleted from the Olympic men's event and replaced by the women's Eagle Bell class.

In the 28th Olympic Games in 2004, men's mistral windsurfing, women's mistral windsurfing, Finnish windsurfing, laser windsurfing, men's class 470, women's class 470, class 49, tornado class, star class, European class and eagle bell class 1 event, with 400 athletes participating. Each association has at most 1 boat to participate in each project.

There are 1 1 events in the sailing competition of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, including 4 events for men and 4 events for women. The other 3 events are "open", that is, male and female athletes can participate in the competition at the same time.

The rapid development of windsurfing has attracted great attention from international sports organizations. Windsurfing 1984 was included in the 23rd Olympic Games, and windsurfing 1992 was included in the 25th Olympic Games. Since the 23rd Olympic Games, windsurfing has reached four simple levels. Neil Pryde windsurfing RS:X will become a new level of windsurfing in the 29th Olympic Games, with two events for men and women.

Sailing events in the 29th Olympic Games are divided into 9 levels, 1 1 events.

man

Nprs: class x

sailboard

Level 470

Men's double boat

laser levels

Men's single boat

star

Men's keel boat

female

Nprs: class x

sailboard

Level 470

Women RS double boat

Laser radium Deere stage

Women's single boat

Eagle bell class

Women's keel boat

disclose

Level 49

steamship

Tornado class

catamaran

Finnish class

Heavyweight ship