Cultivation techniques of fairy finger

Propagation by insertion or grafting. In the growing season, April-May is the most suitable, and 1-4 stem or branch cutting can be used. When cutting, the wound does not touch water, and it is dried in the dark for two or three days to make the wound heal and not rot easily. Before transplanting, take root in the shade, water less, and take root in about 20 days. Immortal refers to easy to take root, but the roots are thin and weak, and they are not resistant to water and humidity, so they are often grafted on other cactus plants with strong roots, which can accelerate their growth. Commonly used rootstocks are cactus, cactus, cactus, celestial ruler and so on. Cuttings or grafted seedlings usually bloom for two years. Under the condition of short sunshine (8 ~ 12 hours per day), flowers can bloom in 2 ~ 3 months. Shading treatment is carried out at the beginning of July, and flowers can bloom at the end of September. Fairy refers to applying rare organic liquid fertilizer every 2 ~ 3 weeks during the growing period, or applying a small amount of compound fertilizer. After the bud is formed, the pot soil should not be too dry or too wet to prevent the bud from falling off.

Cutting substrate: it is nutrient soil, river sand, peat soil and other materials used for cutting. Due to the limited conditions, it is difficult to find an ideal cutting substrate for home cutting. It is recommended to use the prepared and sterilized cutting media provided by this station. Medium and coarse river sand can also be used, but it should be washed with clear water several times before use. Sea sand and river sand in saline-alkali areas are not suitable for the growth of flowers and plants. In the growing season of early spring or late autumn (the highest temperature at noon is not higher than 28℃, and the lowest temperature at night is not lower than 15℃), cut off leaves or stems (with 3-4 leaf nodes), insert the wound into the substrate after drying, and spray the cuttings and substrate slightly. As long as the substrate is not excessively dry or flooded, roots and new buds can grow rapidly. When the temperature is high in late spring and early autumn, cuttings are easy to rot, so it is best not to carry out cuttings. Timing: It is best to choose March and April after flowering, because from budding to flowering until flowering, a lot of nutrients are consumed during this time, and the leaves are weak, so it is easy to climb and arrange, and there are fewer broken stems. This work can also be completed between May and August. But it takes a long time to dry, and the stems are soft before climbing. This work is strictly forbidden during budding, because it is easy to encounter buds when turning stems.

Secondary support: the original support is not moved, and then the No.8 iron wire is used as the station column, the number of which is the same as that of the original station column. The lower end is inserted into the basin soil, and the upper end is 10 cm to 13 cm higher than the original station column. Tie thin iron wires at the joint of the original station column and ring respectively. 12 iron wire is made into a circle, the diameter is one centimeter larger than the original circle, and it can be connected to the upper end of the new station column.

Climb the stem node: pick the longest stem node and climb to the upper level, so that the branch tips naturally droop. If the length is not enough, you can fix it on the ring with a string first, and after a period of growth, you can naturally achieve your goal. Pay attention to the stem nodes evenly distributed around the whole basin when finishing, which are permeable and breathable. After the stem nodes are arranged, they can be watered at any time, and then they can be managed normally.

After several years, when the fairy fingers develop into dense stem nodes, they can be connected to another layer in the same way. The best way is to plug it in, and it is not easy to dry up and fall off after connection. The plug-in method is an "upward" connection. Choose a cactus plant that grows well, cut off the top first, and then peel off the skin. The peeling length is 1/3 bulb height. Cut off the bottom of the seedling to expose the core. Drill a hole on the ball core (the hole diameter matches the branch thickness) with a depth of 65438+ 0/3 of the ball height. The advantages of "upper" connection are: large contact area, stability, not easy to fall off and high survival rate. The best grafting time is April-May. The temperature is controlled at 20 ~ 25℃. The preparation before grafting is to select robust and sterile ball seedlings; Choose cactus plants that grow well as rootstocks. For example, you can choose plants with more branches for artistic modeling; Tools must be disinfected; Operators should operate aseptically; The environment should be hygienic or operated in a sterile room. final-period management

After grafting, the ball and column were moved to a place with poor light. The temperature is controlled at 20 ~ 25℃ to make the tissue cells (wounds) heal, and it is basically completed in 15 ~ 20 days. Then gradually move to a well-lit place for maintenance. The culture soil should be loose and breathable, and the water quality should be neutral.

armour

Objective: Beautiful, wind-resistant and lodging-resistant.

The method is: circle with 12 lead wire, the diameter is the same as the inner diameter of the flowerpot, and then vertically insert three special supporting iron wires for flowers at the edge of the flowerpot, which should be evenly distributed and the height should be flush with the plants. Fix a lead ring under each grafting layer on the iron wire to tie the skeleton completely.

Fairy refers to flowers with short sunshine. Short sunshine after autumn is beneficial to the formation of flower buds. The normal flowering period is around New Year's Day, and the fairy refers to the flowers around Spring Festival. However, due to climate, cultivation management and many other factors, the flowering period is either before or after the festival, which greatly reduces the economic value. In order to control its flowering period, corresponding measures must be taken.

Measures for flowering in the Spring Festival

Drought-induced water production changes environmental conditions, accelerates the dormancy of fairy fingers, stops the growth of vegetative tissues and promotes the differentiation of flower buds through drought-induced artificial water production. The time from budding to flowering of fairy fingers is generally 60 to 68 days.

The method of making water is: 10. Don't drench water for about 0 day, then sprinkle water gently (don't wet the culture soil) gradually to relieve dormancy, and then drench water after three or four days to accelerate dormancy release and promote flower bud formation. In order to make the flowering period consistent, leaves should be picked two days after water production.

The method is: remove the last leaf of each stem node, and don't miss it. Because the fairy finger is still growing before making water, there will be uneven growth of leaves, and the flowering period can be unified by collecting leaves and making water. The time of picking leaves varies with the growth years of fairy fingers. According to the distance from the Spring Festival, buds will appear 45-52 days after the water comes out, one year 105 days, two years10 days and three years 120 days. If new leaves spit during this period, remove them in time, and then control the water until new buds appear. If the plant is weak, compound fertilizer can be applied once 10 day after water production to make the plant strong.

If the temperature is slowly adjusted, the temperature can be increased, which can shorten the days from budding to flowering. Water and nitrogen fertilizer should be applied early to control budding, which can prolong flowering time; If the flower buds appear late, the water should be controlled, and watering should not be too much. 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or flower-promoting pesticides sold in the market can be sprayed once a week. Light treatment refers to short-day flowers, but they need enough sunlight to bloom well after budding. If the time from germination to Spring Festival is too short, it should be treated with long sunshine. If it takes too long to sprout until the Spring Festival, it is necessary to shade and slow down the growth of sprout. In short, the immortal refers to the artificial control of flowering period, and it is necessary to adopt different technical measures according to its own biological characteristics to create external conditions and make it bloom in time. Control method: keep the breeding environment ventilated and transparent, eliminate pests, spray 0.5∶ 1∶ 100 bordeaux solution, and scrub the oil fume with water. Outdoor cultivation, most afraid of showers in summer. Because of the high temperature in summer, the following showers often lead to the collapse of plants. Therefore, it is best to cultivate indoors. If it is outdoors, it should be shaded to keep the local environment cool. Tillage fairy finger and ruler like weak acid soil with much humus, which requires looseness, air permeability and good water retention. The preparation of culture soil can use 5 parts of pond mud with good quality, 5 parts of Puli Shi Lan in Taiwan Province Province, 3-4 parts of pig's trotters and dried bird droppings, and 2 parts of ox horn powder or bone powder1-as base fertilizer. This culture soil is rich in organic fertilizer, loose and breathable, and can be planted for three years without changing pots. Immortal fingers grafted with more than four layers will be tied up when they grow to a certain extent. After the spring flowering period, immortal refers to the thinning and flattening of stems due to excessive consumption of nutrients during flowering, so water less, stop fertilization and see more light. Around mid-April, move it outdoors and put it in the sun. At this time, it coincides with the dry season in spring, so it is necessary to adapt to the climate, water less and keep the basin soil slightly wet. At about the beginning of June, the flat stem can return to normal. Pot soil surface, about 2.3 cm thick. Fermented soybean flour and corn flour can also be used instead. In addition, it is necessary to apply sauce residue water continuously to promote its nutritional growth. If fertilizer, water and light are appropriate, the flat stem can be lengthened by 3.5 knots, and new branches can be added during this period.

Summer management is very important. The key point is to water according to the weather, apply fertilizer reasonably, neither expose to the sun, but also see more sunshine. Summer here also means rainy season. Water must be made according to the weather. Stop watering in rainy days to avoid getting wet, or the branches will fall off. If it rains many times carelessly, it may even cause branches to fall off. Therefore, flowers should be moved to shelter before it rains. If the plant is too big to move, you can prepare a large plastic bag to cover the whole plant, or you can cover the whole plant with a thin and bright plastic film. In short, rain doesn't drip into the basin.

Pay special attention to not watering or watering less in rainy season. Usually, it is better to hold the soil tightly and loosen it. If the basin soil is too wet and muddy, it will also cause the flat stem to fall off. In hot summer, sometimes there will be a short drought, so we should pay special attention not to pour water, but to light it with small water to prevent continuous rain after pouring enough water. Stop fertilizing in rainy days. If the plant is particularly strong, less phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied to facilitate the differentiation of flower buds in the future. Although immortals refer to flowers that like light, they are semi-dormant in hot summer and can't stand the scorching sun. Can be placed in the shade or artificial semi-shade. Don't put it indoors, otherwise the flat stems will be thinned in vain and it will be difficult to bloom in winter. Autumn is the key period to promote its flowering. During this period, water should be given in time, sufficient fertilizer, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the growth of nutrition should be controlled, the house should be kept properly, and the pots should be rotated in time to make the whole plant blossom evenly. Autumn is the period of flower bud differentiation and vigorous growth, so it is necessary to ensure the timely supply of nutrients and water. In late August, the precipitation gradually decreased and the weather was relatively dry. At this time, the basin soil can't dry, so it can be watered with fertilization. 0. 1 ~ 0.2% diammonium phosphate and 0.2 ~ 0.5% potassium sulfate aqueous solution are suitable as fertilizers, and no separate watering is needed. The application effect of 1 ~ 2% sauce residue water as organic fertilizer is better. This fertilization will increase the acidity of potted soil, which is not good for cactus grafting. Use 0.5 ~ 1% plant ash water to water 1 ~ 2 times.

In order to promote the formation of more flower buds, it is necessary to control the growth. After the end of September, the new flat stems and the narrow or deformed slender flat stems should be removed, and the pots should be turned over and dried in time every 6-7 days. In this way, at the end of 165438+ 10 or the beginning of February of 65438+, the end of the flat stem begins to thicken, showing a reddish color, and flower buds will appear soon. The time to enter the room should be postponed as far as possible, and at the latest before the first frost. After entering the room, put the plants in a warm place where you can see the light. When the bud is as big as a grain of rice, don't move the placement position, otherwise it will fall off easily. At the same time, sufficient fertilizer should be applied. When the buds grow to the size of buckwheat, it's time to lose weight. When a few buds grow to the size of peanuts, you can stop fertilizing and control the water properly, so that the soil in the pot will be wet and dry. When several bloom flowers are planted, control water: just keep the pot soil from cracking. After careful management, immortal refers to many flowers and bright colors. Moreover, the flat stem is oily, green and shiny, without losing water. After the flowers withered (from late February to late March), the whole plant was still beautiful, and after a short rest, new buds appeared in April. Temperature: I like warmth, and the suitable temperature for growth is 15? 25℃ is not cold-resistant, and the overwintering temperature should be above 5 1. Triangular column requires high temperature, and the optimum growth temperature is 25~37℃. Growth was slow at 20℃ and stopped at 15℃. In winter, the plant is vulnerable to chilling injury, which makes the grafted fairy finger plant lose its flowers. Cactus has strong cold tolerance, and the temperature after grafting should be kept at around 10 1. Also afraid of high temperature, slow growth above 30℃ and entering semi-dormancy period, should be placed in a semi-cool and ventilated place.

Illumination: prefer semi-shade, avoid strong direct sunlight. If the light is too strong, the plants will turn yellow and the stems and leaves will wither. Shading should be in May-September, and the rest of the time needs plenty of sunshine. The formation and development of flower buds need to last every day 12. 14 hour of darkness. During flower bud differentiation and pregnancy, there should not be too bright lights at night, otherwise it will affect the flowering of pregnant buds. Proper shading at flowering stage can prolong flowering time.

Watering: drought-tolerant, avoid wet and waterlogging. Adequate water supply should be provided during the spring and autumn growth period to keep the basin soil moist. But it is not advisable to water too much, otherwise it will easily lead to root rot of miscellaneous plants. When flowering, the pot soil needs to be wet and dry. If the pot soil is too wet due to excessive watering, the buds will wither and fall off. During the dormant and semi-dormant period after flowering in summer, attention should be paid to controlling watering and rain protection. Too much watering or rain in summer will lead to root rot of plants.

Ambient humidity: When the weather is clear and the air is dry, you should often spray foliar water on plants. In summer, water should be sprayed to the surrounding environment to warm the air and reduce the acidity. Fertilization: I don't like big fat. However, due to the large amount of budding and flowering, it needs to consume a lot of nutrients, so it needs to be given enough nutrients to bloom normally.

When plants begin to grow in spring, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied every 10 day to make the leaflike stems grow stout. In autumn, flower buds begin to differentiate, which should be every 7? Top application of phosphorus 10 per day can promote flower bud differentiation and bud growth; When nutrients are insufficient, buds often fall off and flowers wither. Fertilization should be stopped in winter dormancy period and summer semi-dormancy period.

Pruning: 1 time _ pruning shall be carried out in combination with pot turning in spring, the branches that are too dense shall be thinned, and the remaining branches shall be shrunk. Cutting off the node-like stem at the front end of℃ is beneficial to the growth of leaves and enhances the growth potential of plants. After sprouting, if there are too many buds, you should thin them. Generally, each leaflike stem leaves 1 bud.

Turnover: 1 Turnover once every two years, which should be combined with pruning after flowering and before germination and growth. For fertile soil with good drainage and air permeability, the substrate can be made of humus soil, peat soil, chaff ash and other materials. .

Pest control: it is dry and hot in summer, and it is not ventilated, so it is easy to be harmed by red spider, which leads to weak plant growth and stem node falling off, so attention should be paid to prevention and control. In addition, there are diseases and pests such as rot, leaf blight and scale insects. Pruning before flowering: The purpose of pruning before flowering is to make buds grow on solid nodes. In the middle and late September, the stem segments of the current year can be shortened, and at the same time, twisted, deformed, thin and tender stem segments can be removed to promote the differentiation of flower buds at the top of strong stem segments. 10 buds began to appear, and the buds were milky white to reddish papillae. At this time, the newly grown flat tender stems should be removed in time to inhibit vegetative growth and promote the birth of flower buds. Bud thinning should be carried out according to the nutritional status of plants after emergence, and generally one bud is left in each node. If there are more than two buds at the end of the stem, leave the big one for the small one, so as to concentrate nutrition and prevent the flowers from falling and buds from falling. For plants with vigorous growth and few buds, it is not necessary to sparse buds, but young stem nodes should be removed. Pruning after flowering: The purpose of pruning after flowering is to prune plant type and promote growth and branching. There is a short dormancy period after flowering in mid-March, which can be combined with changing pots and soil for pruning and shaping. Generally, pruning is carried out in layers, and the lowest stem node can be left slightly longer, followed by the middle and upper parts. For those stems that have not been pruned for many years and have a long extension, cut them short. After cutting short, more than two stems can be sent out to make the plant full. For those with excessive vegetative growth and dense nodes, some big branches in the inner layer should be drained, combined with shaping, so as to increase ventilation and light transmission, make the remaining nodes grow healthily, reduce the burden of rootstocks and delay plant aging.

Operation method: when cutting the segment, it should be cut from the middle of the segment, but from the base of the segment, and leave a pedicle with a length of 1 ~ 2 mm to avoid damaging the growing point at the top of the segment. After cutting, the stem will shrink and fall off quickly, and there will be no pruning marks after the new stem node is sent out. Persisting in pruning every year will make the stem nodes fan-shaped and the whole plant shape will become more and more plump. This method of shaping and pruning is also suitable for crab claw orchid, except that the pruning time before flowering is advanced by 2 weeks, and the pruning after flowering is carried out after flowering. Autumn nutrition control, September to 10 is the key period for Xianzhi to accumulate nutrition for pregnant buds. Get as much sunshine as possible, and water 1‰ total element compound fertilizer or humic acid liquid fertilizer once a week to promote health. June 10, 1 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution can be irrigated twice. From the late September of 10 to the early October of 10, the branches are lightly pruned to remove tender, thin and deformed segments (be careful not to hurt the growth point at the top of the reserved segment), so as to make the buds grow on robust segments. For plants with excessive vegetative growth, watering should be controlled from the end of September to the beginning of June 10, so that the pot soil is completely dry, and watering can be carried out when the nodes lose luster, which can promote the birth of buds.

Meet the short sunshine demand below 10 ~ 12 hours. Fairy refers to a kind of flower with short sunshine, which needs 12 ~ 14 hours of darkness every day to bear buds normally, and the natural light in the north of China can meet it after the end of September. A small amount of home cultivation does not need artificial shading, but it should be noted that flowerpots should be placed in places where there is no light at night. Special reminder is that even if there is short-term light at night, it will have a negative impact on the development of flower buds.

Prevention of freezing injury in wintering period. In the area north of the Yangtze River, the immortal finger generally appears from 10 to10. At this time, the temperature dropped and it began to enter the severe winter season. The flowerpot should be placed in a warm and bright place indoors to get as much sunshine as possible. If the indoor temperature can be kept above 15℃ in winter, flowers will bloom around New Year's Day and Spring Festival. In the indoor without heating in winter, potted plants should be placed in a warm, bright place where cold air can't blow, so as to create a relatively stable living environment. It is necessary to ensure that the temperature above 5℃ makes them hibernate in a semi-dormant state, and absolutely avoid the low temperature environment below 0℃. At this time, the buds can grow slowly and bloom from February to March in spring.

Properly sparse buds. After sprouting, if there are too many buds, we should thin the buds, and the big ones can be reserved for the small ones. Generally, one bud can be left at the top of each segment, and two buds can be left at the robust segment.

Proper control of water and fertilizer. Immortal refers to the low temperature during pregnancy, weak life activity, and does not need too much water and fertilizer. Especially for plants grafted with cactus or fenugreek, the rootstock is dormant in winter. If the pot soil is too wet or the fertilizer concentration is too high, it will damage the root system. From light to light, it will not be able to absorb water and nutrients normally, resulting in node and bud shedding. In addition, it will also lead to rootstock rot, causing irreparable losses. Therefore, it is best to dry the basin soil during the wintering period, and then water it after drying, but it cannot be short of water for a long time. Too dry can also cause buds to fall off. Generally, fertilization is not required.

Control pests and diseases. A small amount of family planting rarely causes pests and diseases. Sometimes it will be infected with red spiders or scale insects, which will lead to segmental shedding in severe cases. Potted flowers should be carefully checked before entering the room. If there are pests, pesticides and acaricides can be used to control them. From beginning of spring to early summer, it is the season when immortals refer to flowers and grow deformed stems. Generally, it begins to bloom around New Year's Day, and it blooms in February, ending in late March and early April. Because the flowering period is long, the flowering amount is large, and the indoor air is dry, it should be watered once a week with water close to room temperature to keep the soil slightly moist and not too wet and waterlogged. Spray water on the deformed stems once a day or at noon the next day (also when flowering), and there are small water droplets on the stems and leaves that do not drip (the same below).

Every 10 day, two or three drops of flower nutrient solution or trace amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be added to the water spray. Insist on spraying water, the stems and leaves will not wither after flowering, and will soon turn into vegetative growth. Those that don't spray water are thin, dry and drooping after flowering. This situation is not suitable for fertilization, too.

It is not advisable to water more, but to spray water on the stems and leaves every day or occasionally. When spraying water 10 day or so, add 2 ~ 3 drops of flower nutrient solution or 3 ~ 4 grains of urea, and the growth can be resumed in about 2 months. Because immortals refer to many flowers, the flowering period is long, and a small amount of fertilizer can be applied when flowering. It is best to apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer instead of nitrogen fertilizer alone, so that the flowers in the later stage will not fall off due to lack of nutrition and keep the flowers in the early and late stages gorgeous. After the flowers wither, you can leave the room when the minimum temperature is stable at around 8℃ and put them in a well-ventilated and sunny balcony or courtyard. Can't be kept indoors for a long time. If the stems and branches are too long and dense after leaving the house, they can be thinned at this time, and it is also the time to turn over the pots and change the soil. When the stems and branches begin to grow new leaves, water and fertilizer management should keep up. Water is poured every 3-5 days, and the soil in the basin is slightly moist and does not accumulate water. Spray water on the stems and leaves every other day or every two days, and apply fertilizer every 65,438+00 days. The first two times were mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and then compound fertilizer or nutrient solution mainly phosphorus and potassium should be applied, and thin fertilizer should be applied frequently until the new leaves were stopped in late June and mid-July. Fairy fingers are more resistant to shade and can be placed in bright indoor places for a long time. It can grow normally above 15℃ in winter, and it can overwinter safely around 5℃. You can see more sunshine in spring, autumn and winter, and you need shade above 30℃ in summer. Pot soil is not aired or watered, and it can be watered once a month with 1‰ total element compound fertilizer. Cutting propagation can easily make seedlings survive. In the growing season, cut more than three healthy nodes, dry them in the sun for a few days, then insert them into clean river sand, spray water 1 ~ 2 times a day, and take root in about 10 days, and then plant them in a small pot for maintenance.

The main pests and diseases that harm immortals are scale insects, aphids, rot diseases and soot diseases.

1. Scale insects harm leaves and buds, causing soot disease in severe cases. Commonly used pesticides: 25% phoxim 800 ~ 1000 times, 50% marathon emulsion 1000 times, omethoate 1200 times, 40% quick kill 1000 times. Artificial toothpicks can be used to remove.

2. Aphids harm young leaves and buds. Commonly used pesticides: 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000 times, dichlorvos 700 ~ 800 times.

3. Rot disease is mainly caused by poor drainage and ventilation of the basin soil, which continues to be excessively humid, leading to the decay of inchworm. Prevention and control: the drainage of basin soil must be good, and it should be cultivated in a ventilated place in rainy weather, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder should be sprayed regularly for sterilization. If local rot is found, the rotten part should be removed immediately with a sterilized sharp knife, and the wound should not be soaked with water before healing.

Immortality refers to preventing decay, that is, never accumulating water. It is effective to treat rot with 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder (also known as thiophanate-methyl). Not only has strong bactericidal effect, but also has systemic property, combining prevention and treatment, and has good therapeutic effect. During the treatment, the wound should be exposed and kept dry. The sooner the wound is dry, the better. Don't rush to cover the soil to prevent secondary infection. Don't water the diseased plants for at least half a month after resurrection to prevent the disease from recurring. After several months of maintenance, make sure that the wound is healed before covering it with dry sand, and then new roots will grow soon.

4. Soot disease often occurs with the harm of powdery medium, and there are coal ash spots on the affected part, which affect photosynthesis and are symmetrical, with shoots 10 or more. A few buds bloom, and most of the plants in bud are top grade. Plants with more flowers and fewer buds will bloom, so don't buy them just to enjoy them.