Where does the temperature and humidity in the weather forecast refer to? Indoor and outdoor

Weather forecasting is based on meteorological observation (detection) data and the application of synoptic, dynamic, and statistical principles and methods to make qualitative or quantitative predictions of the weather conditions in a certain area or place for a certain period of time in the future. predict. Accurate weather forecasting has always been an important goal of atmospheric science research. The history of weather forecasting can start from the earliest days of understanding the weather by looking at clouds and inferring the weather based on objects. Later, it went through single-station forecasting, weather map forecasting, and to the current application of advanced detection data such as meteorological satellites and weather radars and the use of computers. Stages of weather forecast. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, weather forecast has developed rapidly.

The types of weather forecasts can be roughly divided according to the forecast timeliness: nowcast (1 to 2 hours), very short-term forecast (2 to 12 hours), short-term forecast (12 to 48 hours), medium-term forecast ( 3 to 10 days), long-term forecast (more than 10 days), etc.; according to service objects, it can be divided into: daily weather forecast and professional weather forecast (such as aviation weather forecast, etc.); according to the forecast scope, it can be roughly divided into regional forecast and site forecast, etc. . Due to different service targets, there are certain differences in forecast items, forecast timeliness, forecast terminology, etc.

At present, weather forecasts are mainly produced using synoptic forecasting methods, statistical forecasting methods and dynamical forecasting methods, as well as weather-statistical forecasting methods and dynamical statistical forecasting methods formed by the combination of these three basic forecasting methods. and weather-dynamic forecasting methods, etc.

The weather forecast method (or weather map method): It uses weather maps as the main tool, and cooperates with satellite cloud maps, radar charts, etc. to analyze and study the changing laws of weather using the principles of weather science, so as to How to make a weather forecast. This method is mainly used to produce short-term forecasts.

Numerical forecasting method (also known as dynamic forecasting method): It is a method that uses large-scale, fast electronic computers to solve the dynamic equations describing atmospheric motion to make weather forecasts. This method can be used to make short-term forecasts, as well as medium- and long-term forecasts. In recent years, it has also begun to be used for climate forecasting.

Statistical forecasting method: It is a method that uses a large amount of long-term meteorological observation data, based on the principles of probability statistics, to find out the statistical laws of weather changes, and establish a statistical model of weather changes to make weather forecasts. . This method is mainly used to produce medium and long-term forecasts and meteorological element forecasts.

The dominant ideas of these three methods of making weather forecasts are different. The occurrence of weather phenomena (or weather processes) involves inevitability and contingency. Statistical forecasting methods start from the contingency of weather phenomena (or weather processes) and believe that weather changes are a random process that may not necessarily occur under the same conditions. For the same weather changes, we can only find out the possibility or probability of a certain kind of weather. Synoptic methods and numerical prediction methods start from the inevitability of weather phenomena (or weather processes) and believe that weather changes are not random and satisfy certain laws (such as momentum conservation, energy conservation, mass conservation, etc.) , the same changes should occur under the same conditions. According to the state of the atmosphere at a certain moment, its definite state at the next moment can be deduced.

Currently, these three methods are often used together to make weather forecasts. Weather maps, satellite and radar images, dynamic analysis and statistical analysis, numerical forecast products, etc. are comprehensively analyzed to finally make a weather forecast.