Historical materials of Hong Kong and Macao

Hongkong and Macau are two special administrative regions of China. How much do you know about the historical materials of Hong Kong and Macao? The following are the historical materials of Hong Kong and Macao that I have compiled for you, hoping to help you.

Historical data of Hong Kong, Hong Kong and Macao:

184 1 year 65438+1October 26th: After the First Opium War, Britain occupied Hong Kong Island. Later, the Qing government tried to recover lost territory by force, and Daoguang issued many orders for this. However, the Qing Dynasty could never defend its territorial integrity.

1August 29th, 842: The Qing government signed the unequal treaty "treaty of nanking" with Britain, ceding Hong Kong Island to Britain.

1860 65438+1October 24th: China and Britain signed the unequal Beijing Treaty, ceding the area south of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula to Britain.

1June 9, 898: Britain forced the Qing government to sign the "Special Provisions on Expanding the Boundary of Hong Kong" to lease 262 islands north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula for 99 years (ending on June 30, 997).

194165438+February 25th: During World War II, the Japanese invaded Hong Kong, and the British troops stationed in Hong Kong were unable to resist. At that time, Governor Yang had no choice but to declare surrender. Hong Kong was occupied by Japan for three years and eight months? Japanese occupation period? .

1945 September 15: Japan signed a surrender in Hong Kong after its defeat and withdrew from Hong Kong.

1984 12 19: China and Britain signed the joint declaration on the question of Hong Kong, which will be implemented after 1997? One country, two systems? .

1 July, 19971:Hongkong became the People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region. According to the Basic Law, Hong Kong's previous economic, legal and social systems will remain unchanged for 50 years. One country, two systems? The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region enjoys a high degree of autonomy, except for national defense diplomacy and anti-interference.

Historical materials of Macao and Hong Kong:

It became the territory of China from the Qin Dynasty and was leased by the Portuguese from 1557 in the Ming Dynasty. It was not until 1887 that the Portuguese government and the Qing government signed the Sino-Portuguese Reconciliation and Trade Treaty (which expired in 1928), that Macao became a colony of Portugal and became the first territory of European countries in East Asia. Macao, known as Haojing 'ao in ancient times, has a close historical relationship with Xiangshan County. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Xiangshan was already the land of more than 100 Guangdong islands. About the 3rd century ago (that is, when Qin Shihuang unified China), Macau was formally incorporated into Chinese territory and belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County. In 420 (Jin and Yuan Dynasties), Macao belonged to Fengle County and Xinhui County. In 590 (the tenth year of Emperor Yangdi), Xinhui County was abolished and changed to Baoan County, and in 757 (the second year of Tang Dynasty to Germany), Baoan County was abolished and changed to Dongguan County. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Macao has been under the jurisdiction of Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province. According to historical records, Zhang Shijie and his army were stationed in this area at the end of the Song Dynasty. People who settled in Macao in the early days formed small villages here and made a living by fishing and farming. Since Macao, the sacred territory of China, has been occupied by Portugal since ancient times, the Portuguese have always had privileges or special status in Macao, which makes the residents dissatisfied. From1August 29th, 849, when Shen Zhiliang assassinated Governor Amauri, to1February 3rd, 966, it was triggered by the Cultural Revolution and the Taipa School incident. One, two, three? All these events show that the people are deeply dissatisfied with the privileges of the Portuguese in Macao. 1On April 25th, 1974, the Portuguese revolution was successful, and the new government implemented the policy of decolonization, acknowledging that Macao was illegally occupied by Portugal. It was1999th century Sao Paulo College written by Portuguese painter Chanali.

As a territory of China, Macau's sovereignty belongs to China. From 65438 to 0986, the Chinese and Portuguese governments started four rounds of negotiations on the Macao issue. 1April, 1987 13, the two countries signed a joint statement on Macao and its two annexes in Beijing. According to the Joint Declaration, Macao (including Macao Peninsula, Taipa Island and Sixth Ring Road) is the territory of China, and People's Republic of China (PRC) will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macao on February 20th. China has promised to implement "one country, two systems" for Macao, so as to ensure that Macao people can enjoy it? A high degree of autonomy and Macao people ruling Macao? On the right. 1On March 3, 9931,the National People's Congress passed the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region in Beijing. 1 at 0: 00 on February 20th, 1999, witnessed by the heads of state of China and Portugal, Wei Qili, the 27th Governor of Macao, and He Houhua, the1Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, handed over the Macao regime at the handover ceremony venue of the new Macao port. The next morning (65438+February 2 1), the people of Macao welcomed the PLA troops stationed in Macao; At this point, People's Republic of China (PRC) officially resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao.

Macao used to be a small fishing village. Its real name is Haojing or Haojing 'ao, because it can be called Mookou at that time? Australia? , so? Macau? . Macao and its vicinity are rich in oysters, so later generations changed their name to a more elegant one? Hao Jing? . Published during the reign of Qing Qianlong. Trollius is the symbol of Macao.

The name Macau comes from a China goddess ── Tianhou, also known as Mazu, that is, Mother Niang, whom fishermen worship very much. It is said that a fishing boat was caught in a storm while sailing on a clear and windless day, and the fishermen were in danger. At the critical moment, a young girl stepped forward and ordered to stop the storm. The wind has actually stopped, the sea has returned to calm, and the fishing boat has safely arrived at Haijing Port. After getting off the boat, the girl walked to Maggie Mountain, and suddenly a halo flashed and the girl turned into a wisp of smoke. Later, people built a temple where she landed, named Mazu Pavilion. In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1557), the Portuguese obtained the right of abode in Macau from the Guangdong local government in the Ming Dynasty, becoming the first Europeans to enter China. At that time, the Portuguese landed near Mazu Tempel and asked the local people about the place names here. Because it is next to Mazu Tempel, the locals answer Mazu, so Macau is named Macau (Portuguese transliteration of Mazu Tempel), and the mainland is often spelled Macau.

Painted pottery and jade unearthed in recent years in Macao, especially the black sand dunes around 1995 roundabout, have been identified as precious ancient cultural relics four or five thousand years ago. At the same time, stone axes and other stone tools unearthed belong to the same cultural system as similar cultural relics unearthed in Zhuhai not far from Macao in recent years, indicating that the ancestors of the Chinese nation were in Macao as early as the Neolithic Age. Macau, Green Ring Road, Heisha and other places have long been the footprints of Chinese mainland aborigines. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, ancient residents lived in these areas. Therefore, among the cultural relics unearthed in Macao and Zhuhai, there are reeds and pots in the Spring and Autumn Period and pottery in the Warring States Period.

/kloc-within 0/000 years, although there were people in Macao, it was only a place where boats moored with the monsoon. It is speculated that a large number of Chinese settled in Macao Peninsula when the Southern Song Dynasty was overthrown. When hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty retreated from Fujian and arrived in Macao by boat, some may set foot on this peninsula to draw fresh water and find food, and some may even turn this desolate place into a hiding place. Hold a meeting in Macao Peninsula. Yongfu ancient society? Shalitou Land Temple is said to have been built in the late Southern Song Dynasty. From the end of the Southern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Xia and Haojing on the Macao Peninsula were the Venetian Macao hotels.

The residents have ordered. Since then, the population of Macao has increased, but it is not easy to reproduce based on life because of the small place, less cultivated land and less products. Until the middle of16th century, that is, during the Jiajing period of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, Macao was still desolate and sparsely populated, with only boats and boats berthing. At first, the Portuguese were confined to the south of Macao. 1623, the Portuguese government appointed Marcelo as the first governor of Macao. Macao is famous for its cultural exchanges between China and the West in history. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the spread of western learning to the east played an important role in this area and once had a great impact on the operation of the world economy.

Chronology of major events

About the 3rd century: When Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, Macao was formally incorporated into Chinese territory and belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County. 1553: The Portuguese obtained the right of abode in Macao. 1623: The Portuguese government appointed Marcelo as the first governor of Macao. 1640: After Portugal got rid of Spanish rule, Macao was awarded for not surrendering to Spain. The city of God's holy name? (Deus). 1September 20th, 844: Queen Maria II of Portugal of Portugal declared Macao a free port, which was after the First Opium War. 1849: Portugal stopped paying Macao land rent to China and occupied the gate. 1August 29th, 849: Chinese resident Shen Zhiliang assassinated the governor of Amazon. 185 1 year: Portuguese occupation. 1863: Portugal occupied Tashi, Shagang, Xinqiao, Shalitou and Shitang Street. 1864: Portugal occupied the ring road. 1868: The Qing government offered to use/kloc-0.000 million taels of silver to recover Macao's sovereignty, but the Portuguese side refused. 1869: The first post office in Macao was established. 1July 22, 874: Macao was hit by a strong typhoon, killing more than 8,000 people and sinking more than 2,000 ships. 1875 May 3 1: Macao was hit by a strong typhoon, and many people were homeless. 1879: The Portuguese occupied Longtian village. 1883: The Portuguese occupied Wang Xia, Litchi Bay, Shek O and Green Island. 1883 rpm 1885: Macao imports 90,000 tons of opium every year, of which 20,000 tons are smuggled. 1887: The Portuguese government and the Qing government successively signed the Draft Convention of the China-Portugal Conference and the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Reconciliation and Trade, stipulating that? Portugal's permanent existence in Macao and the land belonging to Australia is no different from the management of other places in Portugal? . 1896: The Portuguese tried to occupy the nearby Qinheng Island again, but failed. 1902: Atlantic bank opens in Macao. 1908: Portugal requests to expand the boundary and demarcate the Macao border. During World War II, Portugal was not occupied by Japan because it was a neutral country and a large number of Japanese lived in Brazil. 1926: A coup took place in Portugal. At the end of the same year, Ba Bosha became the governor of Macao, the first literati governor in Macao. 1929: Macao Post Building was completed, and automatic telephones began to be used in Macao. 1955: Portugal promulgated the organic law of Macao's overseas provinces. 196 1 year: the overseas department of Portugal has designated Macao as a tourist area, especially allowing gambling. 196 1 year 1 1 month: the Macao government promulgated the gambling and entertainment regulations. 1April 25th, 974: Portuguese coup, the new government implements the policy of decolonization, and recognizes that Macao is not a colony, but the territory of China. 1974: Macao-Macao Bridge, the first land connection tool in Macao, was completed and put into use. The Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration on Macao was signed in Beijing. February 20: People's Republic of China (PRC) resumes the exercise of sovereignty over Macao.