In the past, people's stories of sending messages were short.

According to China's ancient rare book Shan Hai Jing, there are three kinds of bluebirds, namely Zhao Lan and Yan Zi (the author has not found the name of another bluebird). They are the attendants and messengers of the Queen Mother of the West, who can fly over Qian Shan to deliver information and good news of good luck, happiness and happiness to the world. It is said that the Queen Mother of the West once wrote a letter to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The Queen Mother of the West sent a book to the Jade Bird, and the Jade Bird always sent the letter from the Queen Mother to the Chenghua Temple in the Han Palace. In later myths, the bluebird gradually evolved into the king of birds-Phoenix.

In the Southern Tang Dynasty, master Li Jing wrote a poem, "The bluebird doesn't spread the news outside the cloud, and the lilacs are sad in the rain"; In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai wrote a poem "I wish I could repay Sauvignon Blanc because of three bluebirds". Li Shangyin wrote a poem "Pengshan has no way, bluebird, listen! -bring me what she said! " ; And Cui wrote a poem "When will the bluebird pass".

Letter forwarding from home

Pigeons pass books, and everyone is familiar with it, because there is also the Pigeons Association, and long-distance pigeon flying competitions are often held. The homing pigeon won't get lost in a long flight, which stems from its unique function, that is, it can tell the direction by feeling the magnetic force and latitude.

At present, there is no clear statement about the exact start time of carrier pigeon book transmission, but as early as the Tang Dynasty, carrier pigeon book transmission has become very common. There is a record of "Pigeons Pass Books" in Wang Renyu's "Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy" in the Five Dynasties: "When Zhang Jiuling was a teenager, he raised a group of pigeons at home. Every time I communicate with my relatives and friends, I only go to the pigeon's foot book department, follow the instructions and fly to vote. I was a flying slave when I was nine years old, and people liked to be surprised. " Zhang Jiuling was a statesman and poet in the Tang Dynasty. He not only used carrier pigeons to deliver letters, but also gave carrier pigeons a nice name-"flying slaves". Since then, homing pigeons have been playing an important role in people's communication life during the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Kite communication

The kite we use for entertainment today played an important role as an emergency communication tool in ancient times.

Legend has it that as early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu's skillful craftsman lost the game (that is, Lu Ban) once imitated the shape of a bird. "Cutting bamboo and wood thought it was a magpie and flew three days later." This flying "wooden magpie" made of bamboo and wood is the predecessor of kite. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun invented papermaking. People made a frame with bamboo sticks and then pasted it with paper, which became a "paper kite". In the Five Dynasties, when people made paper kites, they tied a bamboo whistle on them. The wind blows a bamboo whistle, which sounds like a kite, hence the word "kite".

The original kites were made for military needs, mainly used for military reconnaissance or for transmitting information and military intelligence. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that kites gradually became an entertainment toy and spread among the people.

lighthouse

Lighthouses originated from the bonfires in ancient Egypt. The earliest lighthouse in the world was built in the 7th century BC, located at Baba Point in the Daniil Strait, standing like a huge bell tower. At that time, people burned firewood in the lighthouse and used its fire to guide the course.

In 280 BC, the ancient Egyptians, under the orders of King Ptolemy II Filadelf, built a lighthouse on fallows Island opposite Alexandria, Egypt, which was 85 meters high and burned wood day and night, with flames and smoke columns as navigation signs. Faros Lighthouse, known as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was destroyed by the earthquake in 1302. At the beginning of the 9th century, the French built a lighthouse in Douang Reef, the surgical site at the mouth of the gironde River, which has been rebuilt twice. The existing lighthouse was built in 16 1 1.

Among the ancient lighthouses, Livorno Lighthouse in Italy is still in use today. The lighthouse was built in 1304, made of stone and 50 meters high. The first lighthouse in America was the Boston Lighthouse built in 17 16. Since then, lens lighthouse was built in 1823, electric lighthouse was built in 1858, lighthouse was built on soft foundation for the first time in 1885, and the first gas flash tower was built in 1906. In 1850, there were only 1570 lighthouses in the world, and in 1900, the number increased to 9400. By the beginning of 1984, including other luminous beacons, the total number of lighthouses had exceeded 55,000.

Communication tower

/kloc-in the 8th century, Claude Chappe, a French engineer, successfully developed a practical communication system to speed up information transmission. The system consists of several communication towers, which are built 230 kilometers between Paris and Lille. A wooden pole is erected at the top of these towers, and a horizontal crossbar is installed on the wooden pole. People can rotate and swing the wooden pole under the operation of ropes to form various angles. The two vertical arms are installed at both ends of the horizontal cross bar and can also rotate. In this way, each tower can form 192 different configurations through wooden poles, and the nearby towers can see the information representing the meaning of 192 through telescopes. In this way, within a distance of 230 kilometers, the information can be transmitted in two minutes. This system made great contributions to the French revolutionary war in the18th century.

signal flag

It has been more than 400 years since signal flags were used for communication on ships. The advantage of banner communication is very simple. Therefore, even today when modern communication technology is quite developed, this simple communication mode is still preserved and becomes an important way of short-distance communication. In sign communication, signal signs can be used alone or in combination to express different meanings. Usually hanging a flag indicates the most urgent, important or commonly used content. For example, the A-flag is hoisted, which means "There are divers under my boat, please stay away from my boat slowly"; Hang the O-flag, which means "someone falls into the water"; Hanging the W flag means "my ship needs medical assistance" and so on.

flag signal

During the 200 years of15-16th century, the commander of the fleet commanded his ships by firing guns or sailing. 1777, Admiral Howe, commander of the British and American fleets, printed a signal manual, becoming the first person to write a signal book. Later, Admiral Sir Popham used some flags as shorthand letters to create a complete set of semaphore letters. 1805, when Lord Nelson commanded the Battle of Trafalgar, the last signal he sent before he died was 16 Pophanqi: "Close to the enemy and fight at close range."

18 17, the British navy colonel Mariette compiled the first internationally recognized alphanumeric. There are also 40 signal flags, including 26 letter flags, digital flags 10, 3 substitute flags and answer flags 1. Flags have different shapes: dovetail, rectangle, trapezoid, triangle and so on. The colors and patterns of flags are also different.

References:

Some people don't need it.

Responder: Sakura Butterfly Cream-Primary Level 5-19 2 1:22.

The Jade Bird Passes Books Emperor Taizong believed in God all his life. One day, a bluebird flew in, very beautiful (later Phoenix). When Emperor Taizong saw this, he asked a Taoist priest, who told him that the bird was the messenger of the Queen Mother, and he should come when he came to the Queen Mother. Emperor Taizong was busy giving a banquet to entertain him, and the queen mother did come for a while. You are a fifth-grade China student, right? Me too.

Responder: Ziyi Qian Hui-Magic Apprentice Level 1 5- 19 2 1:36.

Zhou Youwang smiled at the princess and ordered him to light the bonfire.

Responder: Water Drop Purple-Magic Apprentice Level 1 5- 19 22:39

Huo Feng communication

As early as the Zhou Dynasty, China had a method of transmitting information by bonfire. As a primitive means of acousto-optic communication, bonfire served the ancient military war. From the border to the capital and the border, a beacon tower is built at regular intervals. When the enemy invaded, firewood was stored inside, and the fire alarms were lit one by one. When the princes saw the fire, they immediately sent troops to help and resist the enemy.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to guard against enemy invasion, the "bonfire tunnel" was used as the contact signal for border defense emergency. In the ancient history book "Zhou Li", it is recorded that "on the passage from the frontier to the hinterland of various countries, a beacon tower is built at intervals, one after another. There are oranges on the stage, and there are cages full of firewood on the heads of oranges. When the enemy invaded, the beacon tower set off fireworks in succession to convey the alarm. Every night, the watchman lit the firewood in the cage and held it high, calling it a "lighthouse" to convey information to the leaders. During the daytime warning, the firewood piled up on the stage is lit, and the smoke is used to indicate the urgency, which is called "embarrassment". In order to make the smoke straight without bending, so that it can be seen from a distance, the ancients often used wolf dung instead of firewood, so it was also called wolf smoke. The Zhou Dynasty stipulated that when the emperor raised a bonfire, local governors must immediately lead troops to rescue and fight against the enemy. It can be seen that the implementation of the beacon system means that a huge and perfect military information contact network has appeared as early as last week.