When was the earliest year when an earthquake of magnitude 6 occurred in the southern suburbs of Beijing?

Beijing is located in the foothills of Xishan and Yanshan Mountains. According to incomplete statistics, the Beijing area has been hit by six destructive earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above since it was recorded in Jin Yuankang four years (in 1994). M = 5 earthquake 1 1 time. Nearly 300 years after the eighth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1730)

The earliest recorded earthquake in Beijing, with its epicenter in Yanqing.

Beijing has been in an area with relatively active earthquakes since ancient times. However, due to various reasons, the time and place of many earthquakes, as well as the intensity and harm of earthquakes, are not recorded in writing. Therefore, in reading historical materials, the earliest earthquake in Beijing occurred in the fourth year of Jin Yuankang (294). There have been two earthquakes in succession this year, the first in March and the second in September.

■ In the fourth year of Jin Yuankang, the first earthquake occurred in Beijing. The epicentre was in Yanqing, Beijing and Huailai, Hebei, which caused the groundwater to skyrocket.

In the fourth year of Jin Yuankang, the first recorded earthquake occurred in Beijing, with the epicentre in Yanqing, Beijing and Huailai, Hebei. According to Jin Shu and Song Shu, "More than 100 people died in Shanggu earthquake." The word "Shanggu" in Book of Jin and Book of Song is actually an ancient place name in Yanqing County, Beijing.

According to the analysis of historical records, the estimated magnitude of this earthquake is 6, the epicenter intensity is 7, and the earthquake * * * caused 100 deaths. At that time, the earthquake in Shanggu area was very destructive, which caused the underground water to surge, which was quite terrible for the ancient people who were very scarce in knowledge of nature. In Yanqing, a sparsely populated place, an earthquake killed 100 people, which shows the tragic earthquake at that time.

■ In the fourth year of Jin Yuankang, a second earthquake occurred, the epicenter of which was in Juyongguan area, causing ground fissures. The earth cracked a big hole 36 feet wide and 84 feet long, and groundwater kept pouring out of the cracked hole.

Jin Yuankang's four years can be said to be a very unfortunate year. In March this year, an earthquake of magnitude 6 just happened in Yanqing and Huailai, and people have not yet woken up from the nightmare. In September, another earthquake with a magnitude of 5.5 and an epicenter of 7 degrees occurred in Juyongguan area. Although the earthquake intensity is not great, the earth's crust moves violently, causing ground fissures. The earth cracked a big hole 36 feet wide and 84 feet long, and groundwater kept pouring out of it. Not only that, this sudden natural disaster made the people lose their property and food instantly, which caused the great famine after the disaster.

There were ***6 earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above in Beijing.

Looking at the history books, we can see that there have been earthquakes in Beijing since it was recorded. According to my statistics, the earthquakes with the epicenter in Beijing are not small earthquakes, and there are as many as 6 earthquakes with magnitude 6 or above.

■ From Liao Dynasty to Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty, almost every dynasty experienced one or several nightmare landslides, which interpreted the earthquake tragedy of people's displacement and separation of flesh and blood.

In the third year of Qing-Ning in Liao Dynasty (1057), the first earthquake of magnitude 6 or above occurred in Beijing since Jin Yuankang was recorded. The epicenter was Daxing in the southern suburbs of Beijing, with a magnitude of 6.8; Then, more than 400 years later, in the twentieth year of Chenghua (1484), an earthquake of magnitude 6.8 occurred in Juyongguan. Then more than 50 years later, in the 15th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1536), another earthquake of magnitude 6 occurred in the south of Tongxian County. 100 years later, in the fourth year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1665), an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 occurred in Tongxian and the west. Fourteen years later, in the eighteenth year of Kangxi (1679), an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in Sanhe and Pinggu. This earthquake has become the largest earthquake in Beijing's history because of its large magnitude, wide spread and serious disaster. However, the trauma of Sanhe and Pinggu earthquakes has not been "healed"; After a lapse of 5 1 year, in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 occurred in Haidian and Changping in the western suburbs of Beijing.

I tried to mark the earthquake areas recorded in these historical materials on the map of Beijing and found Daxing, Yanqing, Tongzhou, Pinggu, Haidian and Changping counties all over Beijing.

■ In the third year of Qing Ning in Liao Dynasty, a major earthquake of magnitude 6 or above occurred in Beijing. The epicenter was in Daxing, with magnitude 6.8, and the epicenter was divided by 9 degrees, and the urban area was divided by 8 degrees. The whole Youzhou city, from the urban area to the suburbs, was basically destroyed and tens of thousands of people were killed. The people's ancient temple built in the period of Emperor Wu of the Tang Dynasty was razed to the ground. The rebuilt Benjamin Temple was renamed Fayuan Temple in Yongzheng period.

The recorded earthquake of magnitude 6 or above in Beijing occurred in the third year of Qing Dynasty in Liao Dynasty (1057), when Yelu Hongji, a Taoist priest in Liao Dynasty, was in power. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Daxing, with a magnitude of 6.8, an epicenter of 9 degrees and an urban area of 8 degrees.

The earthquake was very strong and the damage was serious. The whole Youzhou city, from the urban area to the suburbs, was basically destroyed. After the earthquake, thousands of people were buried under buildings and smashed to death. According to the population at that time. This is a very large number. At that time, the People's Temple in Youzhou City, the two-story pavilion in the temple-"People's Pavilion" and a large number of temple houses were also destroyed in the earthquake.

Minzhong Temple is an ancient temple built in the Tang Dynasty. In the 19th year of Tang Zhenguan (645), Emperor Taizong of Li Shimin built a temple to commemorate the soldiers killed in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. The temple was built in the first year of Tian Tong (696) and named Benjamin Chung Temple. During the reign of Tang Jingfu, Li Kuangwei, the envoy of Youzhou, rebuilt the temple and added the "Minzhong Pavilion". The "Pavilion in the Middle of Fujian" is tall and majestic, and the ancients have poems praising "Singing in the Middle of Fujian, holding it in the sky". However, the majestic high-rise buildings in the past were razed to the ground in the three-year earthquakes in Liaoning, Qinghai and Ningxia.

People's Temple During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Liao and Jin emperors often came here to burn incense. In the earthquake, the temple building of Minzhong Temple collapsed and was seriously damaged. The emperor was in a hurry and immediately ordered a letter to repair it. Minzhong Temple was renamed Fayuan Temple in the 12th year of Yongzheng (1734), which is the Fayuan Temple we saw in Fayuansi Street in Xuanwu District today. However, compared with the Tang and Liao dynasties, the location of the temple is slightly north 100 meters. Now, on the north side of Nanheng West Street, there is a monument to the former site of Tang Minzhong Temple.

■ The latest earthquake of magnitude 6 or above occurred in the eighth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty. The epicenter was in the western suburbs of Beijing, from Xiangshan to Huilongguan in Changping, and it was in the extreme earthquake zone. Juyongguan Great Wall was also dislocated by the earthquake.

In the eighth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1730), an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 occurred in Shi Jing, which was extremely destructive, and its epicenter was in the western suburbs near Beijing.

The western suburbs of Beijing have beautiful scenery, and palaces and other gardens have been built here for generations. In the Qing Dynasty, it was a great construction project, and royal gardens such as "Three Mountains and Five Gardens" were built here.

And who would have thought that the earthquake in the eighth year of Yongzheng, from Xiangshan to Huilongguan in Changping, was in the extreme earthquake zone. Royal gardens with exquisite architecture in the past, such as Yuanmingyuan and Jingyi Garden, collapsed instantly in the violent shaking of the earthquake.

In the urban area of Beijing, affected by the earthquake, most houses collapsed, and the base of Beihai White Pagoda cracked and crumbled.

Even the Juyongguan Great Wall, which is far from the epicenter, was dislocated in this earthquake, which shows the intensity of the earthquake at that time.

Not only that, the earthquake also had aftershocks, which lasted for about a month. Because most of the palaces in the Forbidden City cracked in the earthquake, which is very dangerous. Ministers have persuaded Yong Zhengdi not to continue living in the palace. In desperation, Yong Zhengdi had to lead his ministers to live in a temporary "earthquake-proof shed" in an open area. I didn't move back to the palace until the earthquake subsided.

A big earthquake with the same intensity as Wenchuan earthquake happened in Beijing.

■ In the eighteenth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred, the epicenter of which was in Mafang area of Pinggu District, and the epicenter split into 1 1 degree.

On May 12 this year, a major earthquake that shocked the world occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan. I read the historical data about the Beijing earthquake and found that there was a big earthquake in Beijing, and the intensity was almost the same as the Wenchuan earthquake. Moreover, they are very similar in the intensity, time and occurrence of aftershocks.

The earthquake occurred at noon on July 28th, the 18th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1September 2nd, 679). It was early autumn in Beijing that day, and the weather was not cool. As usual, some people who have worked all morning at noon are having lunch at home, while others are having a rest. Just when people were unprepared, unprecedented earthquakes occurred in Mafang, Pinggu, Beijing and Sanhe County, Hebei Province. The magnitude of this earthquake is estimated to be 8, and the epicenter intensity is 1 1 degree, which is similar to Wenchuan, Sichuan.

■ In this earthquake, Pinggu and Tongxian, suburban counties of Beijing, suffered the most, and ground fissures appeared, with a width of more than ten feet. Dongshan landslide, south mountain of Haizizhuang, split into jagged teeth. The famous Lantern Tower in Tongxian County was destroyed by the earthquake. More than 10,000 people died in Tongxian county, and the surrounding area of the county was severely cracked. Underground black water gushed out, and some ground fissures even gushed out of hot springs.

Pinggu District is located at the southern foot of Yanshan Mountain, where it meets the northern end of North China Plain. Because it is surrounded by mountains on three sides and a plain valley in the middle, it is named Pinggu. Pinggu is surrounded by lush mountains, and the Great Wall of Wan Li surrounds the northern mountains. In the 18th year of Kangxi earthquake, the ground fissure in Pinggu District reached 9 degrees. In the past, beautiful county towns and rural areas disappeared instantly, and Tian He was destroyed.

The earthquake also caused a ground fissure, which was more than ten feet wide. Black water mixed with sand keeps pouring out of underground cracks. Dongshan landslide in Nanshan, Haizizhuang is uneven, and mountain collapses are very common in the southeast of the county from Shuiyuzhuang to Haizizhuang, Xinkaiyu and Panshan. In Daxinzhai village, northwest of the county, the well has been deformed. Only three or four of the ten people in the county survived except those who were crushed to death by the wall houses and ground fissures. Tongxian, not far from Pinggu, was also affected by the earthquake. The degree of cracks in Tongxian County has also reached 9 degrees, and the towers, warehouses, schools, Confucian temples, official temples, private houses and temples in the county are in ruins. The famous "Lantern Tower" in Tongxian County was also destroyed in the earthquake. The ground fissures around Tongxian county are serious, underground black water spews out, and some places even have hot springs gushing out from the ground fissures. In this earthquake, more than 1,000 people died in Tongxian/kloc-0.

Beijing, Jixian, Baodi, Wuqing and Gu 'an, which are close to Mafang in Pinggu District, the epicentre, have also been seriously damaged, with deep cracks, black water gushing, countless houses collapsing and many people and animals crushed to death.

■ The earthquake also affected the Forbidden City, Deshengmen, Andingmen, Xizhimen, Changchun Temple, Beihai and Tiantan in Beijing. The earthquake affected a wide range, covering more than half of China's Beijing urban area, only over 40 kilometers away from the epicenter, and the urban area cracked 8 degrees, causing serious earthquake damage. At that time, it was recorded that "there are 100,000 households in the capital, and the foundation is endless". "The smoke in the front street and the back alley is broken, and the emperor, officials and people are exposed to the ground." In the urban area, not only the houses of ordinary people were destroyed, but also dozens of elaborate palaces, palaces and ancient temples with strong beams and columns were destroyed.

In some celebrity notes, the earthquake in Beijing was recorded in detail. Ye Zhu Meng recorded in "Reading the World" that when the earthquake occurred, "the sound was like thunder, the tide was like a tide, the sky was dark, and the gates of Shuncheng, Desheng, Haidai and Zhangyi collapsed." "There are many civil and military officials and dead women." As time goes by, more than 300 years have passed and the traces of the earthquake have been smoothed away. However, when we read these words of the ancients now, the scene and horror of the earthquake at that time are still vivid.

■ 365,438+0 The Palace Museum was destroyed, forcing Emperor Kangxi to live in a temporary "earthquake shed" with his prince. The White Pagoda in Beihai was also shattered, and a deep ditch was opened under Deshengmen, and the water in the ditch was like a spring; There are also cracks and stagnant water near the Temple of Heaven; Dozens of feet of ground fissures can be seen inside and outside the city.

At that time, the palace suffered heavy losses in the earthquake. The tall and solid walls around the Forbidden City collapsed in many places in the earthquake. There are 3 1 palace in the palace, among which Fengxian Hall and Taiuterus are the most seriously damaged and must be rebuilt. The wall of Gan Qing Palace where Emperor Kangxi lived collapsed. Cining Palace, the place where Empress Dowager Cixi lived, Dongxiu Palace and the place where concubines lived were all damaged to varying degrees. The earthquake caused a great panic in the palace. As a last resort, Emperor Kangxi left the palace with the prince and others and lived in a temporary "earthquake shed".

The earthquake caused many internal and external walls in Beijing to collapse, and the towers such as Andingmen, Deshengmen, Xizhimen and Guang 'anmen were damaged by the earthquake. Nine temples, including Changchun Temple, Wenchang Pavilion and Jingzhong Temple, and the office of 13 were damaged. The North Sea White Pagoda was also shattered; The earthquake also caused a big deep ditch to crack under Deshengmen, and the water in the ditch was like a spring. There are also cracks and stagnant water near the Temple of Heaven; Dozens of feet of ground fissures can be seen inside and outside the city. According to statistics, there were 12793 houses collapsed and 18028 houses were damaged in Beijing, with 485 deaths.

The damage and spread of this earthquake is very extensive, including Shunyi, Miyun, Fangshan and other suburban counties around Beijing, most parts of Hebei Province, and parts of Shanxi, Shandong, Henan and Inner Mongolia, with the damage area exceeding 6,543,800 square kilometers. Some areas in Liaoning, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Jilin and other provinces felt the earthquake, and felt that the farthest area of the earthquake was more than 1 thousand kilometers away from the epicenter. Earthquakes were recorded in 165 counties. It can be said that the earthquake affected more than half of China.

This earthquake, after the earthquake, aftershocks continued. According to the records, until June 65438 +654381October+September, there was still "no rest". Within one month after the earthquake, strong aftershocks exceeded 10. Among them, three strong aftershocks occurred on September 3, 5 and 29, and the magnitude is expected to be around 6. Three months after the main earthquake, the aftershock intensity gradually weakened and lasted for more than a year.

There have only been two earthquakes of magnitude 5 in the urban area.

Although Beijing is in an active seismic zone, the epicenter is mostly in suburban counties, far from the urban areas. There are only two earthquakes of magnitude 5 in history, both of which occurred in Beijing. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, there has never been an earthquake of magnitude 5 or above in Beijing.

From our understanding of earthquakes, earthquakes with magnitude greater than or equal to 4.5 and less than 6 belong to moderate earthquakes, which will cause damage. However, the severity of damage is related to many factors such as focal depth and epicentral distance. Therefore, although there were two earthquakes of magnitude 5, the epicentres were all in urban areas, the losses caused were much smaller than those caused by the earthquake of magnitude 6.

■ The first earthquake of magnitude 5 in Beijing occurred in November of the second year of Liao Daozong Taikang.

During the reign of Lu Ye Hongji, a Taoist priest in Liao Dynasty, it was really eventful. In the third year of Qingning (1057), an earthquake of magnitude 6.8 just happened in Daxing. After a lapse of 19, November of the second year of Taikang.

(1076 65438+February), an earthquake of magnitude 5 occurred in Beijing, with an epicentre intensity of 6 degrees. Although the loss was smaller than that of the earthquake with magnitude 6, it also caused damage to most houses.

■ The second earthquake of magnitude 5 in Beijing occurred on the 18th day of the first month of the seventh year of Mingxi.

On the 18th day of the first month (1627) in the seventh year of the Ming Emperor's Apocalypse, more than 500 years later, another earthquake of magnitude 5 occurred in Beijing, with an epicentre intensity of 6-7 degrees. This earthquake, the loss is quite serious. At that time, in cities from southwest to northeast, the huge roar of the earthquake could be heard. At the moment of the earthquake, the house collapsed, and most people who didn't have time to run out of the house were buried. Because the earthquake happened in a densely populated urban area, it caused great casualties.