After the Battle of Ulm

Although Napoleon destroyed Mike's main force, he still faced many uncertainties in order to achieve his next goal of occupying Vienna. First of all, his road to the Austrian capital was blocked by the Genmeier army. There are 20,000 people in Gymner, and at the same time, they are reinforced by 30,000 Russian troops of Russian famous Mikhail Kutuzov. These troops guard the lower reaches of the Ingay River and its tributary Salchah River. Because there are a series of tributaries on the right bank of the Danube behind the river, such as Traun River, Ensi River and Ibs River. These rivers provide Austria with a good defensive position and it is difficult to detour. 6000 Gerazih soldiers fled from southern Ulm and joined the Austrian army in Tyrol. As the French army continues to advance eastward, its traffic lines will inevitably be extended, and thus it will be exposed to the attacks of the enemy in the south. In Venice, the powerful Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles was temporarily held back by the Italian legion in massena. 1October 28th, 1805, 10, which launched an attack on the Italian legion in the Katiro Mountains east of Verona. In the fierce battle, 6000 people were killed or injured on both sides. After hearing the news of Mike's fiasco in Ulm, Archduke Charles immediately withdrew to Vienna, but it was too late for him to stop Napoleon's March.

The second Russian army under the command of General Bacchus Hovden was advancing from Moravia, so Napoleon immediately decided to start at once and must enter Vienna before the Russian army and Archduke Charles. In addition, Prussia's attitude became more and more hostile, which constituted another danger that threatened him. On 1805, 101October 26th, that is, one week after Ulm's surrender, the Great Legion began to move eastward. The next day, Miao La's cavalry crossed the river because of slight resistance, so that the Braunau fortress, together with a large number of materials and ammunition stored in it, fell into the hands of the French army intact. Miao La was followed by the 3rd Army of Davao, the 4th Army of Sirte and the 5th Army of Rana. On the right, the first army of Bernardote entered Salzburg on1October 30th 1805, 1805,1October 30th 1805,10,3/kloc-0. At this time, the weather became very cold and the ground was covered with snow. 1805165438+1On 2 October, Russian troops fought a fierce defensive war on Ennis River, but the next day, Kutuzov continued to retreat.

1805165438+1On October 6th, Napoleon formed a new army, the Eighth Army, under the command of Marshal Mortier, including a cavalry division and two infantry divisions. The army was ordered to cross the river to the left bank of the Danube near Linz to form a left-wing guard. Ney's sixth army and Malmond's second army have been sent to Innsbruck and Leoben as right-backs, while Oglaud's seventh army is the defender of the traffic line. By this time, Napoleon was ready for everything that might happen.

Kutuzov saw that Vienna was in a desperate situation, so he decided to cross the Danube at Modu Hatoyama on1October 9 1805 and 165438, and evacuated to Moravia northeast to join the second Russian army that had arrived in Olo Jordan Mutch at this time. After destroying the bridge on the Danube River in Maudun, Kutuzov ambushed a division of Motier in Dunstan Canyon on June1805+065438+1October 1 1, and almost all troops were wiped out. Later, he fought a tough defensive battle near Bloom, the Netherlands, and then retreated to Zinoimo across the Moravian border via Clem.

At this time, the French army marched on the right bank of the Danube. 1805165438+1October 13, the avant-garde of Miao La arrived in the suburb of Vienna. However, this went against Napoleon's orders, because he told Miao La that he should cross the Danube to pursue Kutuzov. He sharply reprimanded his brother-in-law:

I can't approve your marching orders. You've been running around like a madman and you don't listen to my orders at all. Russian troops did not cover Vienna, but crossed the Danube in krems. You trapped my army in a corner of Vienna, unaware of the enemy's plans and without considering my intentions. But you received my order through Bertil, ordering you to bite the Russian army and pursue it. And you somehow went in the opposite direction to chase the enemy. I think your behavior is incredible.

..... If you follow my orders, then Mortiere's army will not be exposed to the Russian army and suffer serious losses. ..... You delayed me for two days in order to gain the vanity of entering Vienna first. Honor can only be gained in places full of danger. What is the honor of entering an unsuspecting capital?

1805165438+1October 14 Napoleon entered Vienna and set his base camp in the magnificent Shawn Bruen Palace. The Austrian emperor and his courtiers fled to Brno, the capital of Moravia. A week later, the Austrian emperor and czar Alexander I met here. Vienna has a population of 250,000, so the French army can get sufficient supplies there after a long journey. Napoleon banned the transport of guns and ammunition from France because he had found everything he needed in the Austrian arsenal.

Napoleon decided to take advantage of the opportunity that winter had not yet arrived and Archduke Charles had not yet returned from the Italian front to go deep into Moravia and pursue and annihilate the fleeing enemy without hesitation. So he ordered Miao La, Rana and Sirte to pursue them with all their might. Davu was sent to Pressburg to ward off the danger from the East. Bernardote was sent to Budweiser to spy on Grand Duke Ferdinand in the west, while Mortier stayed in Vienna. After the deployment of these troops, the strength of the large legion was obviously weakened.

Napoleon was very anxious when he saw that his marshals lacked energy. 1805165438+10/5 He rebuked Bernardote and said:

You fought in Rana and Marshal Sirte only two days away from Vienna, but you didn't cross the Danube. I am deeply dissatisfied with this. I hope that when the staff I sent comes back to report, you can tell him that all your troops have crossed the river, are chasing Russian troops and stabbing their asses with bayonets.

On the same day, Miao La did another ridiculous thing, which made Napoleon fly into a rage. Miao La's avant-garde was held back by Prince Bagration's division, which was hiding in the defensive position near Holabrun, south of Moravia border 15 mile. Miao La wisely proposed a truce to the Russian commander, allowing him to withdraw safely to Moravia while waiting for the arrival of the French infantry. Of course, the Russian army readily agreed to withdraw to Znem. This incident made Napoleon furious. He lashed out at Miao La and said, I simply don't know what words to use to express my anger at you. You are just an avant-garde commander of mine. Without my order, you have no right to make a truce arrangement. You ruined my victory. You are ordered to stop the truce immediately and March on the enemy. Tell the Russian general who signed the agreement that he has no right to do so. Only the tsar has this right.

Since then, the situation has accelerated and Kutuzov was evacuated to Brno. 1805165438+1October 17, Napoleon established a base camp in Zenam. The next day, he received the news about France's fiasco in the naval battle of Trafalgar. He wrote to the secretary of the navy and said:

I received your report on the naval battle outside Cadiz. After receiving your more detailed report, I will make a specific comment on this matter. At the same time, I solemnly tell you that this matter has no effect on my scheduled sea raid. What makes people angry is that these actions have not been prepared before this matter, and they must be taken immediately without further delay.

1805165438+1October 19, Russian defenders withdrew from Brno, and Miao La immediately entered, where 60 guns and a large amount of ammunition were found. The next day, Napoleon entered Brno, and the Austrian emperor withdrew to Olmau. East of Brno 13 miles, there is a small village called Ostritz. About 4000 Austrian cavalry blocked Miao La's way on the high ground in front of the village. Then, Napoleon began to show his unparalleled military ability as the supreme military commander, that is,1805 65438+the battle of Ostritz on February 2.

At this time, the Austrian emperor was forced to the most remote border. He sent two plenipotentiaries to meet Napoleon to discuss the conditions of peace. Napoleon sent them to Vienna and asked them to negotiate with talleyrand, stating that the main condition was to incorporate Venice into the Italian kingdom. Sending these envoys back to Vienna was only a deliberate delaying tactic by Napoleon, because he was determined to completely defeat the Russian army before making peace with Austria.