What methods are used to manage enterprise security?

Enterprise safety management includes the following basic contents:

Planning-safety measures plan

Organization-safety activity organization

Inspection-Safety inspection on site and during operation.

Review-review of safety scheme and effect

The safety management means of enterprises are: administrative means; Legal means; Economic means; Cultural means; Scientific means, etc. Safety production management is the need of the objective conditions of enterprise safety production and an important part of enterprise management. The purpose is to reduce accidents in the production process and make the products produced by enterprises have no hidden dangers when they are put into use in the future. This is an important content of adjusting the relationship between operators and workers, a guarantee of production and operation, and a necessary condition for enterprises to obtain economic benefits. Safety management runs through the whole process of enterprise management. It involves all aspects of the enterprise. Therefore, safety in production is a comprehensive management process and a systematic project.

The organizational system of safety production management can be summarized as follows:

Decision-making level: including the legal representative of the enterprise and members of the leadership team. They mainly play the role of decision-making and command. They implement the national laws and regulations on safety in production, formulate safety rules and regulations of enterprises according to laws and regulations, implement safety planning, improve safety organizations, equip personnel and ensure the investment of safety funds.

Management: including workshops and functional departments of enterprises. They are mainly responsible for the daily management of safety production, the implementation of enterprise safety production rules and regulations, and the inspection and implementation.

Operation layer: including front-line operators of enterprises. We must strictly implement the rules and regulations of enterprise safety production, abide by the operating rules, put an end to violations and prevent accidents. Operation layer is the basic link of safety production.

Equipped with safety professionals, is an important condition to do a good job in enterprise safety production management, because:

1) Safety in production is a vital event, which is not only related to the survival and development of enterprises, but also to the life safety and health of employees, and directly affects social stability and the development of market economy. Only qualified personnel can engage in the work of safety in production.

2) The Constitution, Labor Law and relevant laws and regulations have clear provisions and requirements on the guidelines, policies, technical regulations and standards of safety production, and qualified safety production technology and management personnel must be provided.

3) Safety in production is a comprehensive science and a highly systematic interdisciplinary subject. Only high-quality professionals can master the systematic knowledge of safety science and technology.

4) Safe production is an important embodiment of protecting employees' safety and health, creating a good working environment, putting people first and respecting human rights, and an important guarantee for creating economic and social benefits. It is a political, public welfare and social discipline, and only professionals who know safety engineering, health engineering and safety management engineering should undertake this important task.

5) The supervision and management of production safety must be undertaken by professionals who understand laws, regulations, technologies, standards and management.

6) The State implements an access system for employees engaged in production safety, and only those who have passed the examination and obtained the Qualification Certificate of Registered Safety Engineer can take up their posts.

Safety cost is the premise of normal implementation of safety technical measures. The security fund should be earmarked separately. When making the production task plan, the enterprise should incorporate the safety technical measures plan into the financial plan and prepare it at the same time. The funds for security measures are earmarked for special purposes and are protected by economic regulations and relevant safety regulations, and no organization or individual may use them for other purposes. Safety production funds can be divided into the following aspects:

1) hardware technology:

(1) renovation expenses for protective devices and safety protection facilities of various equipment with safety technology;

(2) Industrial hygiene expenses, that is, all measures taken by industrial hygiene measures (dust prevention, virus prevention, radiation prevention, noise prevention, etc.). );

(3) Expenses for auxiliary rooms and facilities such as heating rooms, fire prevention and flood control facilities for outdoor operation in cold season.

2) Soft technology:

(1) Expenditure on some measures in daily safety management, such as the formulation of laws and regulations, information early warning, and basic safety management. Control behavior to prevent human error and improve the accuracy of operators;

(2) Safety incentive funds;

(3) Expenses for safety activities such as safety publicity, safety education and training.

3) Personal protective equipment, such as employee labor protective equipment, health care expenses, health monitoring expenses, and even the expenses for diagnosis and treatment of occupational diseases.

4) The Safety Production Law requires the safety investment of production and business units to include the following aspects:

(1) Capital investment necessary for safe production conditions;

(2) Capital investment in labor protection articles;

(3) Funds for safety training;

(4) Industrial injury insurance expenses.

1 "three simultaneities" management of productive engineering construction projects;

When an enterprise builds, rebuilds or expands a capital construction project (project), a technical transformation project (project) or an imported technical transformation project (project), the safety and health facilities in the project must be designed, constructed and put into production and use at the same time as the main project. Doing a good job of "three simultaneities" is the most economical and feasible method, and taking preventive measures to eliminate accidents and occupational hazards in the bud.

The design department's safety production responsibilities are: when designing new, modified, expanded and technical transformation projects, strictly implement the "three simultaneities" regulations and national safety technical specifications; Responsible for the design of safety technical measures. The construction unit shall be fully responsible for the implementation of the "three simultaneities" of safety and health of construction projects. The construction unit shall construct in strict accordance with the design and construction scheme to ensure that the labor safety and health facilities and the main project start at the same time. When preparing the investment plan for construction projects, the investment required for safety and health facilities should be included in the plan and reported at the same time.

The safety production responsibilities of the engineering construction management department are: participating in the design review of construction projects to ensure the implementation of "three simultaneities"; Strictly implement the Technical Code for Safety of Construction and Installation Engineering and other relevant safety regulations promulgated by the state, formulate or review safety measures for construction and installation, and inspect and supervise the implementation; Do a good job in the contact, cooperation and handover of infrastructure and production to prevent accidents; Ensure the construction quality of the project, ensure the construction quality of labor safety and health facilities in the project, and leave no hidden dangers in the new project.

Government supervision departments shall conduct "three simultaneities" examination and acceptance of safety and health of construction projects (projects).

2 safety inspection system

Enterprise safety inspection is an important means to eliminate unsafe and unsanitary hidden dangers, prevent accidents and improve working conditions, and it is also an important content of enterprise safety management. Safety inspection should implement the safety checklist system, and enterprises should list possible problems one by one according to relevant regulations and accident lessons, and make tables according to specific conditions. This is the safety checklist. It is actually a list of possible hidden dangers. Sometimes it is to check the memorandum of the enterprise. Making a safety checklist helps to avoid the safety inspection becoming a mere formality. If there are accessories such as hidden danger tracking cards, and there are links such as filling, processing, repairing, filing, feedback and card return, a safety checklist system will be formed.

The contents of enterprise safety production inspection mainly include: checking ideas, checking systems, checking management, checking hidden dangers, checking safety facilities, etc. Safety inspection activities include:

1) Human safety inspection

By the enterprise security department, education and personnel organizations, leaders and employees at all levels are assessed in terms of responsibility system, safety training and skills through filling in forms, spot checks and analysis and evaluation, so that the safety awareness, safety knowledge and skills of leaders and employees at all levels of the enterprise can reach the standard.

2) Physical state safety inspection

Organized by technical, equipment, safety and other professional departments, through the use of safety checklist, all kinds of production equipment, devices, tools, materials and other production materials are comprehensively inspected and evaluated for safety and reliability. Through comprehensive inspection and evaluation, hidden dangers are found and handled, so that production materials can be effectively rectified.

3) Four inspection items

Organized by the team leader, workshop director and safety professional department, all employees of the enterprise are inspected for ideas, systems, facilities, education, protective equipment, hidden dangers and three violations. The post shall be inspected once a day, the shift workshop once a week, the factory level once a month and the company once a quarter. In order to realize the safe operation of post facilities and the safe operation of staff; Safety team operation, safe production; Workshop environmental safety, standardize civilized production; Enterprise safety responsibility in place, safety management norms.

4) Eight investigations and eight improvement activities

Check the leadership thinking and improve the safety awareness of enterprise leaders.

Check the rules and regulations, improve employees' compliance and discipline, and overcome the consciousness of "three violations"

The third is to investigate hidden dangers on the spot and improve the essential safety of equipment and facilities.

Check inflammable and explosive dangerous points to improve the safety level of dangerous operations.

Check the storage of dangerous goods and improve the security measures against theft and explosion.

Check the fire prevention management to improve the fire prevention awareness and skills of employees.

Check the handling of accidents and improve the ability to prevent similar accidents.

8. Check whether the publicity, education and training of safety production are regular and institutionalized, and improve the safety awareness and self-protection awareness of all staff.

5) Safety management efficiency inspection

The enterprise is the first responsible person to enter the organization. Through hierarchical object-oriented, discussion and analysis and project comparison, the effectiveness of enterprise safety management, such as personnel, functions, systems and capital investment, is comprehensively and systematically checked, so as to promote enterprises to improve safety management and improve safety management efficiency.

6) Inspection of post responsibility system

The enterprise shall organize an on-site inspection of production management once every quarter, with grass-roots self-inspection first and joint inspection later, and urge all departments of the enterprise to implement the post responsibility system, shift handover system, patrol inspection system, equipment maintenance system, quality responsibility system, job training system, safety production system, team economic accounting system, civilized production system and team ideological and political work system, so as to achieve the goal of fully implementing the ten rules and regulations with the "post responsibility system" as the core.

3 safety publicity and education system

Safety publicity and education should take the road of safety culture construction, that is, through the means of safety culture construction, to achieve the purpose of safety publicity and education.

1) Safety culture construction can be implemented in the following ways:

(1) literary and artistic methods: for example, use safety literature, safety cartoons and safety literature (novels, poems, idioms and essays) to build an entertaining safety culture.

(2) Publicity and education methods: In daily management, various methods such as national guidelines, policies, regulations and standards on safety in production are used to effectively publicize and educate the knowledge of safety in production and accident prevention.

(3) Scientific and technological methods: popularize safety science among employees, strengthen the meaning and concept of safety science, actively develop safety science, and consciously emphasize the essential safety work of safety engineering technology.

(4) Management methods: administrative management, legal management, economic management, cultural construction and scientific management.

2) Safety publicity activities can adopt the following methods:

(1) Implement "three firsts": the first document is "safety document number", the first conference is "safety conference", and the first task is "safety L document publicity month".

(2) "Three Ones" project: a set of workshop wall charts; Icon of the factory; Video once a week.

(3) Sign construction: prohibition signs, warning signs and indication signs.

④ Propaganda wall newspaper: safety knowledge, accident lessons, etc.

3) Safety education activities can adopt the following methods:

(1) three-level education model

Education content: safety knowledge, rules and regulations, operating procedures and operating skills at factory level, workshop and post (team).

(2) Special education model

Education content: Special jobs, posts and departments must have safety knowledge and regulations.

(3) All-staff education

Education content: safety knowledge, accident cases, policies and regulations, laws and regulations.

(4) Family education

Education content: factory situation, type of work and post knowledge.

(5) Newspaper reading activities of teams and groups

Education content: Choose newspaper content related to safety production, such as accident case analysis, safety knowledge, policies and regulations, etc.

(6) cadre education

Education content: policies, regulations and management knowledge.

4 Occupational health monitoring system

The situation of occupational hazards in China is very serious. Occupational hazards and occupational diseases have become the most important factors affecting workers' health and causing them to lose their ability to work prematurely. Occupational health monitoring is an important system to prevent occupational diseases.

5. Total safety management

Total safety management is all-round, all-round, all-round and all-round safety management.

All employees-from enterprise leaders to every cadre and worker (including temporary workers and interns) should be responsible for safety;

Comprehensive-all units and departments from production, management, infrastructure, scientific research to logistics services should pay attention to safety;

The whole process-every link of every job must be safe from beginning to end;

All-weather (24 hours a day, 365 days a year)-No matter what the weather is, no matter what the environment is, always pay attention to safety. In a word, the basic spirit of the "four modernizations" is that anyone, anywhere, anything and at any time should put safety first.

6 management of special operations personnel

Special operations refer to operations that are prone to casualties in the process of labor and have great harm to the operator himself, especially to the safety of others and surrounding facilities.

Special operations include: electric power operation, metal welding (cutting) operation, lifting operation, motor vehicle driving in enterprises, building climbing and erection operation, and other operations determined by the provincial safety production supervision department according to the basic definition of special operations and reported to the relevant state departments for the record. Special operations personnel must insist on special safety technical knowledge education and safety operation technical training, and only those who have passed the strict examination and obtained the safety operation certificate for special operations can take up their posts. This is an important system of enterprise safety education.

7 Distribution of protective equipment

Article 54 of the Labor Law stipulates that employers must provide necessary labor protection articles for workers. Personal protective equipment is a necessary preventive equipment to protect the safety and health of workers during production and labor. Under any of the following circumstances, the enterprise shall provide workers with work clothes or aprons, and provide protective articles such as working caps, masks, gloves, leg protectors and shoe covers as needed.

1) operate under dangerous conditions such as burns, scalds or mechanical injuries.

2) Operations that emit toxic, irritating and infectious substances or a large amount of dust.

3) Work that often makes clothes corrosive, wet or particularly dirty.

Enterprises should provide suitable masks, protective glasses and gas masks for people who work in places with harmful gas, steam or dust.

If toxic dust and smoke appear at work, which may cause harm to the mouth, nose, eyes and skin, enterprises should provide mouthwash or protective ointment for workers respectively.

8 Management of hazardous chemicals

In the process of production, storage, transportation, processing and use of dangerous chemicals, if the quantity exceeds the critical value, it may lead to sudden malignant accidents, while in general, due to poor protection or long-term harm to contacts, it will lead to serious physical injury, even death or harm to future generations.

Common productive poisons include lead, mercury, chromium, manganese, beryllium, arsenic, phosphorus, benzene and its compounds, paints, pesticides, irritant gases, asphyxiating gases, rubber, plastics, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile and styrene in tanning process.

The main contents of anti-virus project are:

1) Use non-toxic and low-toxic materials and processes instead of toxic and high-toxic materials and processes.

2) Production of equipment and products to seal, pipeline, institutionalize and automate toxic substances.

3) Development and application of ventilation, detoxification, purification and recycling engineering technology.

4) Develop new and efficient technologies and products for purifying harmful flue gas.

5) Research and develop isolation operation and poison monitoring engineering technology.

6) Study and improve the organization and management measures of anti-virus project, including the site, planning, publicity and education, etc.

7) Implement evaluation and monitoring of major toxic hazards and environmental quality control;

8) Establish an emergency rescue system for anti-virus projects.

9 fire safety management

The implementation of Fire Protection Law is the basis of fire safety management. According to the Fire Protection Law, fire protection work should implement the policy of putting prevention first and combining prevention with elimination, adhere to the principle of combining specialized organs with the masses, and implement the responsibility system for fire prevention.

"Fire Law" stipulates that organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions shall perform the duties of fire safety:

Formulate fire safety system and fire safety operation rules;

Implement the responsibility system for fire safety, and determine the person responsible for fire safety of the unit and its subordinate departments;

According to the characteristics of the unit, conduct fire safety publicity and education for employees;

Organize fire prevention inspection to eliminate fire hazards in time;

In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, configure fire control facilities and equipment, set up fire safety signs, and regularly check, maintain and determine that fire control facilities and equipment are in good condition and effective;

Ensure the safety exit of the evacuation passage is smooth, and set fire safety evacuation signs in line with national regulations.

Carry out effective fire drill activities, practice the use of various fire-fighting equipment, and practice effective emergency skills such as post emergency treatment and personal life-saving for possible fire accidents.

10 traffic safety management

The equipment, safety protection devices and accessories of motor vehicles and vehicles driving and working in the factory area of the enterprise shall be complete and effective. The technical condition, pollutant emission and noise of the whole vehicle shall comply with relevant standards and regulations.

Enterprises should establish and improve the safety management rules and regulations of motor vehicles in the factory. Vehicles shall establish safety technical management files one by one.

Motor vehicles in the factory should be registered with the local authorities, vehicle files should be established, and after passing the safety technical inspection of the relevant departments, they should be issued with license plates for annual inspection.

Vehicle drivers need to participate in the assessment organized by relevant departments and obtain motor vehicle driving licenses of factories and mines.

Motor vehicle drivers should meet the Safety Technical Assessment Standard for Motor Vehicle Drivers in Factories and Mines (GBll342).