Geographical environment of Moldova

The Republic of Moldova is located in the lower reaches of the Danube River in the northeastern Balkan Peninsula of Europe, on the southern edge of the Eastern European Plain, and most of its territory lies between the Prut River and the left bank of the Transnistrian River. It borders Ukraine in the east and north, Romania across the Prut River in the west and the Black Sea in the southeast.

Moldova was once a country that joined the Soviet Union in the west, with an area of 33,800 square kilometers, a length of 350 kilometers from north to south and a width of 150 kilometers from east to west. Moldova is a small country in Europe. Moldova * * * 3/4 of the country is located on the Ross platform, and on this basis, crystalline rock formations have been formed. Along the Transnistrian River, many ancient rocks, such as granite, gabbro, syenite and sandy clay, can be mined from Soroki to the north. In the southwest, these minerals are buried 2000 meters below marine sediments. Near Chisinau, the thickness of these deposits reaches1000-1500m. In the southern city of Kotovsk, the rock formation is 2000 meters thick. South Moldova belongs to another geological structure. Its main material is folded rocks formed in Paleozoic and Mesozoic. The joint of rock plates is Jurassic basin. These strata are covered with new sedimentary rocks-limestone, clay, clayey shale, sandy soil, sandstone and diatomite. At the southernmost tip of Moldova, there is another geological structure-massive crystal deposit belt. The reserves of thick sedimentary rocks in Moldova are not large.

The geological structure of Moldova is complex, and a large area of geological structure is divided into many units. In some areas, the terrain is uplifted, while in others, the terrain is very low. Strong crustal movement in the southern Carpathian Mountains of Romania leads to frequent earthquakes. The buildings in Chisinau, the capital of Moldova, and other cities are all made of anti-seismic materials that can resist earthquakes of magnitude 6-7 or above. Moldova's outstanding landform is criss-crossing hills and valleys. There are hills, plains, grasslands and forests in the territory. The whole country can be divided into three natural geographical regions: forest region, forest grassland region and grassland region.

Average elevation of Moldova147m. Kaudelai in the middle of the territory has the highest terrain, and the highest point in the country is Mount Bala Neist in Bolin, Kaudelai, Rainis, with an altitude of 429 meters. Here, 4/5 places are steep cliffs. In Cowdray, the height gap is obvious. The upper reaches of Baker River flowing here are only 50-60 meters above sea level, while the banks only 5-8 kilometers away are nearly 400 meters above sea level. This situation has created Cowdray's "mountain country" landform, and the scenery is very charming. The central part of Cowdray is a forest area, surrounded by vast grasslands. The area of natural forests only accounts for 10-20% of the total area, mainly oak-beech forest and oak-elm forest. The natural terraces in the highlands are very striking.

Moldova has three hilly areas. One is the hilly area on the left bank of Transnistria, with the highest elevation of 335 meters and an average elevation of 250-300 meters. The hilly area on the right bank of the Dniester River extends from Soroki to the mouth of the reuter River. The western part of the hilly area is a landslide, and the eastern end is a cliff along the Dniester River. The exquisite Jige Mountain is the second hilly area in Moldova. Its highest point is 30 1 m, and it runs parallel to the Prut River from Yakole village to Kagur city. The third hilly area in Moldova is podol hilly area.

Northern Moldova is a vast Belize hilly plain, also known as the North Moldova Plain, with an average elevation of no more than 100-200m. The plain is surrounded by rolling hills, with an altitude of about 200 meters.

35% of Moldova's territory is plain, with vertical and horizontal rivers and river terraces with a slope of no more than 2 degrees. These lands are fertile and fertile fields. Sloping land (gradient 2-6 degrees) accounts for 37% of the land area, and 20% of the land area is steep slope and cliff (gradient above 6 degrees). Flooded areas account for 8% of the national territory. The Republic of Moldova is located at the junction of Russian Plain and Carpathian Mountains, and has a temperate continental climate. Atlantic cyclone brings a lot of moist and warm air to Moldova, but sometimes it also brings Mediterranean heat wave full of water vapor, and even produces summer rainstorm in Moldova. A large amount of dry air blowing from the southeast often causes drought, while cold arctic air that can cause cold current in early autumn or late autumn rarely invades Moldova. Moldova is sunny and has the reputation of "the country of sunshine". The continuous sunshine time is 2060 hours in the north and 2330 hours in the south, and the plant growth period is more than 2 10 days.

Moldova seldom snows in winter, and rainy weather often occurs. 5438+ 10 The northeast wind began to blow in June, and the weather began to turn cold and snowy. Snowy days usually last 2-3 days, and the longest is 2-3 weeks. In February, the climate began to warm up, and sometimes there was a cold current raging. In March, Moldova often has rare heavy snow. In April, the trees turn green. Moldova has a dry summer climate, which is also the rainy season in Moldova. Autumn in Moldova is very warm, and this climate can last until 165438+ early October.

The annual average temperature in northern Moldova is obviously different from that in southern Moldova: 8℃ in the north and 10℃ in the south. The monthly average temperature of 65438+ 10 is -5℃ in the north and -3℃ in the south. In July, it is 20℃ in the north and 25℃ in the south. The annual average minimum temperature is usually between 65438+February and February.

Most of Moldova's territory is located in areas with insufficient rainfall, with an average annual precipitation of 400-550 mm, 500-560 mm in hilly areas and 450-400 mm in plain areas. Rainfall gradually decreases from northwest to southeast. The topography of Moldova is the main reason for this rainfall distribution. The average annual precipitation in the western region is about 50- 100 mm more than that in the eastern region. The average annual precipitation in Cowdray is 500-550mm. In summer, there may be heavy rain in the whole country (the precipitation exceeds 100 mm in one day and night), leading to floods. Flood is a common natural disaster in Moldova. Heavy rain often erodes soil, scours many valleys and causes soil erosion. In June 2003, Moldova implemented new administrative divisions. The whole country is divided into 32 districts, 3 municipalities directly under the Central Government (Chisinau, Belz and Bade) and 2 local administrative regions (Gagauz Autonomous Region and Transnistria).

The 32 districts are: New Aneny, Basalabiaska, Bricheney, Kahul, Gondemir, Grerashi, Gueusheni, Chimishlia, Kliulani, Dunduseni, Droca, Dubsari, Edinaitz, Floresti, Fleshti, Glodeni, Henchesti, Yalovini and Liao. The capital of Moldova is Chisinau.

Chisinau is located on the Baker River, a tributary of the Dniester River, covering an area of more than 200 square kilometers. It is the political, economic, scientific, technological and cultural center of the whole country, with an existing urban population of 794,000 (20121kloc-0/October 65438). Viewed from the air, Chisinau is like a blooming stone flower, and urban architecture constitutes five petals of the stone flower. Most buildings in Chisinau are made of pure white granite. Chisinau thus won the reputation of "white city, flower of stone carving".