An example of human protection of the earth

It is reported: "It is reported that in 979, a survey of 798 cities and towns in China showed that the daily sewage discharge in China was 2.58 million tons, including 8 19 for industrial wastewater and 0/99.1989 for domestic sewage. Through the investigation of 854 towns in China, the daily sewage discharge reaches 36.53 billion tons, of which 550 million tons are industrial wastewater.

In addition, there is an indisputable fact in Shanghai. Huangpu River, the mother river of Shanghai, was a clear river full of fish and shrimp before the mid-1950s (1958). 1962 water quality began to be polluted, and 1963 began to have 22 dark and smelly periods, 65438+.

The harm of water pollution is self-evident. Water pollution and water quality deterioration have brought serious harm to human health, human life and production.

Water is an important substance for human survival. A person who leads an honest and clean life can bring people lush flowers, birds and flowers, tranquility and comfort, picturesque scenery and beautiful environment, and bring people tranquility, joy and peace. However, today's polluted water has brought people pain, terror and disaster. In order to make life better, let the beautiful scenery stay in the world forever, and let the clear water flow continuously, people are increasingly aware of the importance of preventing water pollution.

Sowing green means sowing hope for excess garbage and environmental problems. From drinking pure water, think of recycling and comprehensive utilization of garbage. Recycling and comprehensive utilization of garbage is a science in the bathroom.

2. In 2005, there was an "environmental storm" in the mainland of China, and 30 projects under construction with a total investment exceeding 1 179 billion yuan were stopped by the State Environmental Protection Administration, including three projects of Three Gorges Corporation, all of which were ministerial units. The reason is that these projects have not undergone environmental impact assessment and belong to illegal projects that have not been approved for construction.

Environmental Deterioration There is no turning back for China's environmental problems, which did not start today. As early as 1990s, the problem of environmental pollution was very serious. For example, the Huaihe River Basin. In the 1990s, five types of water quality accounted for 80%, and the whole Huaihe River was like a huge sewage ditch all the year round. 1995, the economic loss caused by environmental pollution reached187.5 billion yuan.

According to the calculation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the losses caused by environmental pollution and ecological destruction have accounted for 15% of the total GDP, which means 9% economic growth on the one hand and 15% loss rate on the other. Environmental problems are not only the problem of sustainable development in China, but also the devil that devours economic achievements.

At present, China's desertified land has reached more than 2.674 million square kilometers; The cultivated land and homes of nearly 400 million people in 47/kloc-0 counties in China 18 provinces and autonomous regions are threatened by desertification to varying degrees, and desertification is still increasing at a rate of more than 10000 square kilometers per year.

Among the seven major water systems, the water quality with no use value has exceeded 40%. More than 400 of the 668 cities in China are short of water. Many of them are caused by water pollution. For example, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province is located at the intersection of Yongjiang River, Yaojiang River and Fenghua River. However, due to water pollution, when water is most scarce, it is necessary to rely on water tankers to run around the clock to transport water from rural rivers to various enterprises in the city.

The average industrial added value of China is 6,543,800 yuan, which requires 330 cubic meters of water consumption and produces 230 cubic meters of sewage. Every time a GDP of 654.38 billion yuan is created, 288,000 tons of wastewater will be discharged. There is also a lot of domestic sewage. More than 80% of them will be directly discharged into rivers without treatment, otherwise there will be no water available in China in 10.

The urban population of China13 breathes seriously polluted air, and the land of13 is eroded by acid rain. In economically developed Zhejiang Province, the acid rain coverage rate has reached 100%. The frequency of acid rain is 1 1% in Shanghai and 12% in Jiangsu. In central China and some southern cities, such as Yibin, Huaihua, Shaoxing, Zunyi, Ningbo and Wenzhou, the frequency of acid rain exceeds 90%.

The maximum allowable emission of sulfur dioxide for basically eliminating acid rain pollution in China is120,000 ~140,000 tons. In 2003, the national sulfur dioxide emissions reached 265,438 0.587 million tons, an increase of 65,438 0.02% compared with 2002, of which industrial emissions increased by 65,438 0.04.7%. At the current rate of economic development. As well as the way and intensity of pollution control, by 2020, the sulfur dioxide emitted by thermal power plants alone will reach more than 2 1 10,000 tons, and the total emission will exceed the atmospheric environmental capacity 1 times, which will be a serious disaster to the ecological environment and people's health.

65438127 October, it was predicted at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, that the sudden environmental crisis in human history would probably cause the greatest damage to the economic and social system in the near future if it was not rectified.

Ozone layer: the protective layer of human beings

As we all know, the earth is tightly surrounded by an atmosphere. Seen from the ground, it can be divided into five layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere and mesosphere. The troposphere closest to the ground is closest to human beings, which brings complex weather phenomena such as clouds, rain, fog, wind, frost and snow to human beings. There is an ozone layer in the stratosphere above the troposphere with a concentration of 10% and a thickness of 30 kilometers, which can absorb a large amount of radiation from the universe, especially 99% of the ultraviolet rays radiated by the sun to the earth, thus preventing the creatures on the earth from being harmed. Therefore, the ozone layer is called "human protective umbrella". Without this umbrella, the earth will be strongly irradiated by ultraviolet rays, species will be difficult to survive, and human health will be greatly threatened.

This is not sensational, but a living fact that is happening, and various ominous signs have appeared in many places. Let's look at the life on the ground under the Antarctic ozone hole. At the southern tip of Chile, near strait of magellan, there used to be many lively fish in the river, but today they have become "blind fish". Wandering sheep have become "blind sheep" because of cataracts, and they are unhappy all day long; The jumping rabbit becomes a "blind rabbit" and hunters can easily catch it; Free-flying wild birds lost their way because of blindness and ran into residents' houses ... what a sad and thought-provoking sight.

Who would have thought that the chief culprit of ozone hole is chlorofluorocarbons, which are frequently used in industry and life? Drinking iced drinks in summer was once the exclusive right of ancient emperors. In the past half century, due to the development of industry, chlorofluorocarbons with stable properties, non-flammability, easy storage and low price have been widely used as refrigerants, sprays, foaming agents and cleaning agents. These substances can exist in the atmosphere for a long time and destroy the ozone layer, thus endangering human health and affecting biological growth.

El Nino phenomenon

From 1997 to 1998, it seems that the whole world is suffering from bad weather. The continuous high temperature has caused frequent forest fires around the world. Drought has hit Australia, Chile and other countries, seriously reducing crop yields. The forest fire in Indonesia, which burned for nearly a year, almost drowned the whole Southeast Asia in smoke.

It seems that there is a big problem with the earth's climate. In fact, this is just a periodic natural phenomenon. Only when we try our best to find a pattern in their unpredictable footsteps can we better face these two naughty children: El Nino and La Nina. El Nino means "El Nino" in Spanish, which is characterized by an abnormal increase in seawater temperature in the eastern Pacific Ocean. In contrast, "Santa La Nina" refers to the abnormal drop of water temperature in the eastern Pacific. The impacts of these two climatic phenomena on the earth's environment have exceeded greenhouse gas emissions and become the primary factors leading to climate anomalies. El Nino and La Nina have been silently accompanying the history of the earth.

Scientists claim that El Nino had a devastating impact on the earth's climate 65,438+05,000 years ago. But the history of human understanding of El Nino and La Nina is short. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, meteorologists observed a strange phenomenon. When the air pressure over the western Pacific is higher than normal, the air pressure on the eastern side of the Pacific is lower than normal, and vice versa. Looking at the long-term climate records in the Pacific Ocean, we can find that the pressure in the East and West Pacific Ocean is a seesaw relationship. This phenomenon is called Southern Oscillation. The anomaly of air pressure has caused the anomaly of temperature and precipitation, which has caused great losses to human society and economy. Eight years became the hottest year in 100. Agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery all over the world have suffered great blows. Due to the rising sea temperature in the East Pacific, a large number of fish died. 1970 Peru's fish catch reached120,000 tons, but after the strong El Nino in 1972, it dropped sharply to below 2 million tons in 1973. The El Ni? o phenomenon from 1997 to 1998 reduced the fish production in Peru to 38% of the normal year. The warming of the sea has also killed corals in most parts of the world. Corals in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea are all seriously threatened.

The year of El Nino is closely related to the year of frequent catastrophic forest fires. 1994 When a forest fire broke out near Sydney, it coincided with the El Ni? o cycle. Historically, many fires in this century are the same.

From 1997 to 1998, it seems that the whole world is suffering from bad weather. The continuous high temperature has caused frequent forest fires around the world. Drought has hit Australia, Chile and other countries, seriously reducing crop yields. The forest fire in Indonesia, which burned for nearly a year, almost drowned the whole Southeast Asia in smoke.

At present, the cause of El Nino is still inconclusive, and people don't know whether it is a natural disaster or a man-made disaster. There is usually an area with high sea surface temperature in the western Pacific Ocean, which is called the equatorial warm pool. This heat engine sends tens of kilometers of huge clouds into the atmosphere. Warm air flows through the Pacific Ocean, crosses the equator, and finally sinks in the cold sea of the East Pacific Ocean. Warm air flows westward under the influence of trade winds, forming the so-called Walker circulation. In the year when the trade winds weaken, the equatorial warm pool will move eastward, making the Walker circulation area concentrated over the East Pacific Ocean. As a result, the air in northern Australia has become dry, while the atmosphere along the coast of South America has become more humid. This may be a sign that El Nino is coming. Just like seeing clouds in the sky, you know that a storm is coming. To some extent, we can also predict El Nino and La Nina. Many countries in the world have established monitoring systems for El Ni? o and La Ni? a, paying close attention to the subtle changes of water temperature in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Because these changes may be a harbinger of the arrival of the little brother and sister.

Shocking environmental pollution can be seen everywhere: the sky is dark, the air is dirty, sewage is flowing, garbage surrounds the city ... even pesticide residues such as DDT are found in Antarctic penguins in the snow and ice, and Mount Everest is full of garbage? Blue sky and clear water have become many people's childhood memories and distant dreams.

The Antarctic ozone hole was caused by excessive use of Freon in the past, and Freon was discharged into the air. A large number of ultraviolet rays will shine on the earth, the incidence of skin cancer will increase, and the temperature of the earth will also rise. Red tides occur in many waters because domestic industrial wastewater enters the waters, which is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to eutrophication, which will lead to the death of fish and shrimp and damage people's health through biological enrichment. The destruction of American virgin forests is man-made, and many trees are cut down. Many animals have been displaced, and some species have even become extinct.

Lop Nur, the Lost Fairy Lake ",that is to say, Lop Nur used to be a very beautiful lake, but now it has disappeared and turned into a desert. This is a tragedy of man-made destruction of the ecological environment. This reportage warns the world with a powerful voice that it is necessary to establish the environmental awareness of the whole people and do a good job in ecological protection.