What was Sun Quan's life like?

Sun Quan (182-252), namely Wu Dadi. Gan Yuan was the founder of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, and his reign was from 229 to 252. Zhong was born in Fuchun, Wu Jun (now Fuyang, Zhejiang). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, after his brother Sun Ce, there were six counties in Jiangdong. 13 (208), Jian 'an joined forces with Liu Bei and defeated Cao Cao in Chibi. Later, in the battle of Yiling in Wu Shu, Liu Bei was defeated. In the first year of Huanglong (229), he proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang (now Ezhou, Hubei Province), and soon moved his capital to Jianye (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province). He sent people to sail on a large scale to strengthen contact with Yizhou (now Taiwan Province Province); Also set up agricultural officials to open up wasteland; And set up counties in Shanyue area to promote land development in the south of the Yangtze River.

Sun Quan took over the separatist cause in Jiangdong from his father Sun Jian and his brother Sun Ce, and in the following 30 years, he expanded it from a separatist warlord to a regime with one third of the world. Moreover, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Sun Quan no longer fought against Shu and Wei, but devoted himself to the development of social production in Jiangnan, laying the foundation for Jiangnan to gradually become the economic center of China in the future. From this point of view, Sun Quan is the only true politician among the rulers of the Three Kingdoms and the only emperor who has made achievements in the Three Kingdoms. That is why Xin Qiji, a patriotic general in the Southern Song Dynasty, has the praise of "having children like Sun Zhongmou"!

Independent regime Jiangdong Lian Liu resisted Cao.

When Cao Cao and Yuan Shao fought fiercely in the north, there was a separatist force in the south, namely Sun Ce and Sun Quan, who occupied Jiangdong.

Sun Ce's father is Changsha satrap Sun Jian, who was originally a subordinate of Yuan Shu. After Sun Jian's death, Sun Ce led troops to take refuge in Yuan Shu, but Yuan Shu did not reuse Sun Ce. Sun Ce's uncle Jason Wu was the satrap of Danyang (now Xuancheng, Anhui) in Jiangdong, and was forced away by Liu You, the secretariat of Yangzhou. Sun Ce asked Yuan Shu to let him go to Jiangdong to help his uncle make a land tour. Yuan Shu also had problems with Lu You, so he allocated one thousand troops to Sun Ce. Sun Ce invaded the south, and many people defected to him along the way. In Liyang (now Anhui county), the army has expanded to five or six thousand people. Zhou Yu, Sun Ce's best friend, also brought people to meet him with horses, and Sun Ce's strength became stronger and stronger.

Sun Ce fought bravely, and his army was disciplined and won the support of the people. So, we quickly crossed the river, not only defeated Liu You's army and recaptured Danyang, but also captured Wu Jun and Huiji County. In this way, large areas of land in six counties in Jiangdong were occupied by Sun Ce.

Sun Ce took advantage of the stalemate between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao in Guandu to prepare for the Northern Expedition and seize the Central Plains ambitiously, but an unexpected thing happened. It turns out that when Sun Ce captured Wu Jun, he killed the satrap Xu Gong there. While Sun Ce was hunting in the mountains, Xu Gong's men put an arrow in his back and hit Sun Ce in the cheek.

Sun Ce knew that he was dying, so he called his men, Zhang Zhao and others, and said, "Now the world is in chaos. If there is a wuyue group, you can sit back and relax, wait and see whether it succeeds or fails, and then win the world at the same time. Please take good care of my brother. " Then he awarded the official seal to Sun Quan and said to Sun Quan, "You lead the people of Jiangdong, take the lead, and compete with the heroes in the world, not as good as me; If it comes to appointing talents, let everyone Qi Xin work together to defend Jiangdong. I am not as good as you, you have to be good! " That night, Sun Ce died at the age of 26.

Sun Quan lay in front of the bed, crying endlessly. Zhang Zhao advised him to put on his official clothes at once and rode to the barracks to inspect it again. At the same time, Zhou Yu, who was stationed in Baqiu (now Yueyang, Hunan), was quickly informed. Zhou Yu led the troops back to Wuzhong overnight and assisted Sun Quan with Zhang Zhao.

When Sun Quan inherited his father's career, he already owned six counties, namely Huiji, Danyang, Wu Jun, Zhang Yu, Luling and Lujiang, but these places were newly occupied, and the people were not convinced and their rule was not consolidated. The soldiers lost their commander-in-chief, and felt uneasy when they saw their successor at a young age. Many heroes in Jiangdong and people living abroad in the north are also waiting to see, and some even want to change their families and vote for a new owner. At this critical moment, Zhou Yu, a celebrity from Jiangdong, came from the resident Baqiu to lead the army to stabilize the morale of the army. Together with Zhang Zhao, he persuaded everyone to help the young master and publicized that Sun Quan was the emperor and could achieve great things. So Jiangdong's heart gradually calmed down.

Sun Quan remembered his brother's words and looked for talents with his heart. Zhou Yu said to Sun Quan, "I have a good friend Lu Su, who is very knowledgeable. There is nothing wrong with asking him to help the general. "

Sun Quan sent someone to invite Lu Su, and they chatted happily as soon as they met. On one occasion, Sun Quan received a guest, and when everyone else had finished speaking, Lu Su was left to speak.

Sun Quan said: "Now the Han Dynasty is declining and the world is in turmoil. I want to inherit my father's career, like Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong, and help the son of heaven establish hegemony. What do you think? "

Lu Su said, "The Han Dynasty can't be revived, and Cao Cao Can can't clean it up for a while. For the sake of the general, you have to settle down in the rear, stand in a position and watch the changes in the world. Then take advantage of the changeable autumn in the north, wipe out Huang Zu, attack Liu Biao, and occupy all the places where the Yangtze River flows, and then you can claim the title of king and seek the world. This used to be the achievement of Emperor Gaozu! " Sun Quan was very happy and decided to adopt Lu Su's opinion.

Due to Sun Quan's heavy use of talents, Jiangdong is full of talents and civilian military commanders, which is a prosperous scene. Cao Cao, who has occupied most parts of the north, has long had the ambition to unify the world. Seeing Sun Ce's new funeral in Jiangdong, he was unstable and wanted to attack Wu. Sun Ce, an old minister of Taiwei, dissuaded him, saying, "It is against the ancient meaning to join the army in mourning, and it is suspected of being unkind and unjust. If the conquest is unfavorable, friends will become enemies. It is better to take this opportunity to be kind, and Sun Shi will be grateful. " Cao Cao listened to his words and asked Sun Quan to be the general and the leader to be the prefect. Since then, Sun Quan has actually established a separatist regime in Jiangdong.

In order to consolidate his rule in Jiangdong, Sun Quan dispatched troops and began to conquer those who did not obey him. Li Shu, Sun Quan's uncle, Sun Fu and Huang Zu, the satrap of Lujiang, were destroyed successively, and the rule in Jiangdong was consolidated. Later, he pacified the Shanyue people in his own ruling area and extended his ruling area to Guangzhou.

At this time, the situation in the Central Plains changed again.

After Cao Cao pacified the north, in 208 AD, he led a great army south and attacked Liu Biao. Before his troops arrived in Jingzhou, Liu Biao had died of illness. His son, Liu Zong, was very scared when he heard that Cao Jun was so powerful. He first sent someone to surrender.

After accepting the surrender of Liu Qiong and others, Cao Cao went down the river from Jiangling. Zhuge Liang said to Liu Bei, "The matter is very critical. Please send me to Sun Quan for help. " Liu Bei agreed, and Zhuge Liang took Lu Su to see Sun Quan. Sun Quan is very anxious. When he saw them coming, he greeted them quickly.

When Zhuge Liang met Sun Quan, he said, "Now that Cao Cao has captured Jingzhou, he will attack Soochow. If the general is determined to resist, he will break off relations with Cao Cao as soon as possible and resist with us; Otherwise, simply surrender to them. If you hesitate again, the disaster will be too late. " Sun Quan asked, "Then why didn't General Liu surrender to Cao Cao?"

Zhuge Liang said seriously: "General Liu is descended from the royal family. How can he surrender to Cao Cao? " Hearing Zhuge Liang's words, Sun Quan also said excitedly, "I can't give away the land in Jiangdong and 100,000 troops in vain. However, General Liu just lost the battle. How can he resist Cao Jun? " Zhuge Liang said, "Don't worry. General Liu was defeated for a while, but the water army still has 20 thousand. Although Cao Cao had many soldiers and horses, the soldiers came from far away and were exhausted. Besides, northerners are not used to water warfare, and Jingzhou people are not satisfied. As long as we work together in Qi Xin, we will definitely defeat Cao Jun. "

After listening to Zhuge Liang's analysis, Sun Quan immediately called his generals to discuss ways to resist Cao Cao.

Just then, Cao Cao sent a letter. The letter said, "Recently, I was ordered by Tian Zi to fight criminals. As soon as he went south, Liu Cong surrendered. I am now reorganizing the 800,000 land and water army and want to fight General Sun in the south of the Yangtze River. "

Sun Quan handed the letter to his men, and everyone was pale and speechless.

Zhang Zhao is the oldest official in Wu Dong. He said: "Cao Cao used the name of the son of heaven to make a real conquest." We have to resist him. Theoretically, we have already lost. Besides, we wanted to rely on the Yangtze River natural barrier, but now we can't rely on it. Cao Jun occupied Jingzhou with thousands of warships. They came down by land and water, and we couldn't resist them. I think we have to surrender. "

After Mr. Zhang said this, many people immediately echoed it. Only Lu Su looked on coldly and said nothing. Hearing this, Sun Quan felt that it was not a taste, so he walked out of the house, followed by Lu Su. Sun Quan took Lu Su's hand and said, "What do you think?"

Lu Su said, "I can't help but listen to what Zhang Zhao and others say. Speaking of surrender, I, Lu Su, can surrender, but the general can't. Because I surrendered, I had to go back to my hometown and still associate with celebrities. I can be a county magistrate if I have the chance. If the general surrenders, all six counties in Jiangdong will fall into the hands of Cao Cao. Where are you going? "

Sun Quan sighed and said, "What everyone said just now really disappointed me. Only what you say suits me. " After the meeting, Lu Su advised Sun Quan to recall Zhou Yu, a general in Poyang, to discuss.

As soon as Zhou Yu arrived in Chai Sang, Sun Quan summoned officials from civil and military departments to discuss. Zhou Yu said emotionally at the meeting: "Cao Cao is known as the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, but he is actually a traitor of the Han Dynasty. How can he surrender to him when he comes to die this time? " He analyzed many disadvantages of Cao Cao, and thought that the northern soldiers would not have a water war. If they went far to this strange place, they would definitely get sick. It's useless to have more soldiers and horses. Hearing Zhou Yu's words, Sun Quan stood up, drew his sword and cut off a corner of the box. He said sternly, "Whoever wants to surrender to Cao Cao again is just like this table."

That evening, Zhou Yu went to see Sun Quan alone and said, "I have already asked clearly. Cao Cao's military forces claim to be 800 thousand, which is a bluff. In fact, it is only 200 thousand, and many of them are Jingzhou soldiers, so they may not really fight for him. As long as you give me 50 thousand soldiers, I'll keep them and beat them. "

The next day, Sun Quan appointed Zhou Yu as the commander-in-chief and allocated him 30,000 water troops to fight against Cao Cao with Liu Bei.

Zhou Yu led the troops to March and met Cao Jun in Chibi (now northwest of Puyin County, Hubei Province). Many Cao Jun soldiers are acclimatized and have contracted epidemic diseases. When the two sides confronted each other, Cao Jun was defeated and forced to retreat to the north bank of the Yangtze River. Zhou Yu led the water army to the south bank, facing Cao Jun across the river. Cao Cao's soldiers in the north can't fight water. Later, Pang Tong offered a series of tricks to fool Cao Cao, saying that warships would be more stable if they were tied together with iron ropes. Cao Cao was really taken in. Seeing this situation, Zhou Yu presented a plan to Zhou Yu, saying, "There are many enemy troops, so it is not good for our army to delay the serenade. Now that Cao Jun has connected all the warships together, I think we can defeat them by fire attack. "

Zhou Yu very much agreed with Huang Gai's plan, and in front of the messengers sent by Cao Cao to find out the truth and falsehood, he co-staged a "dangerous plan" with Huang Gai, so that Cao Cao killed Liu Biao, who was familiar with water. Then let Huang Gai send a letter to Cao Cao saying that he would leave Soochow and surrender to Cao Cao. Cao Cao thought that Wu Dong's generals were afraid of him and had no doubt about Huang Gai's fake surrender. Huang Gai told the soldiers to secretly prepare ten big ships, each of which was loaded with dead branches, filled with oil, hung with curtains and flags, and prepared several light boats tied to the stern of the big ship, ready to move when the big ship caught fire.

1 1 In the middle of winter, the weather suddenly turned warm and a southeast wind blew. That night, Huang Gai led a group of soldiers to sail in front of ten big ships, followed by a group of small ships. The fleet reached the middle of the river, full of sails and headed for Jiangbei.

When the soldiers in Cao Jun Shuizhai heard that Wu Dong would surrender in the future, they all ran to the bow to watch the fun. When Wu Dong's fleet left the north shore about two miles later, Huang Gai ordered the soldiers to set fire to it. The large ship ahead 10 caught fire at the same time, and the fire was aided by the wind. Ten fireboats broke into the water town of Cao Jun. The boats there, all crowded together, couldn't hide, and soon they all burned. Blink of an eye, it has burned into a sea of fire. Not counting the burning of the water village, the camp on the shore also caught fire, and a large number of soldiers in Cao Jun were burned to death. Many people fell into the river and drowned because they couldn't swim. As soon as Zhou Yu saw the flames on the north shore, he immediately led the elite soldiers to cross the river to attack. Cao Cao dragged the defeated soldiers back to the north from Huarong (southwest of Qianjiang County, Hubei Province).

After Battle of Red Cliffs, the separation of the three countries was basically formed.

Sun Quan moved his capital from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province) to Qingling, built a stone city and changed his name to Jianye (now Nanjing City). At the same time, a water dock is set at the mouth of ruxu leading to Chaohu Lake to control the waterway leading to the Yangtze River, so as to prevent Cao Cao from going south.

Break one's word and seize Jingzhou

In 2 19, Liu Bei and Cao Cao fought again. Guan Yu, who was stationed in Jingzhou, also sent troops to attack Cao Cao's Xiangyang and Fancheng, where he flooded seven armies and became famous in one fell swoop. In desperation, Cao Cao thought of using the contradiction between Sun and Liu to attack Guan Yu with Sun Quan.

Although Liu Bei and Sun Quan formed an alliance, there were great contradictions. When Lu Su was alive, he advocated reconciliation between Wu and Shu and jointly dealt with Cao Cao. Later, Lu Su died, and the general who succeeded him, Monroe, had different ideas from Lu Su.

Lv Meng was a famous general in Wu Dong during the Three Kingdoms period. When he was young, his family was poor, and he joined the army at a young age, so he had no conditions to study. In the Chibi War, Monroe was promoted to a partial general because of his bravery and outstanding achievements. After Monroe succeeded to the throne, Lu Su led an army to station in Lukou. He thought Guan Yu had the ambition to annex Wu Dong, so he wrote to Sun Quan, asking for sending troops to deal with Guan Yu, saying, "Liu Bei and Guan Yu are capricious people and cannot be allies."

Just then, Cao Cao sent an envoy to contact him and asked him to attack Guan Yu. Sun Quan immediately replied that he was willing to attack Guan Yu's rear.

Guan Yu also heard that Lv Meng is very powerful. Although he personally led the army to attack Fancheng, he did not relax his vigilance against Lv Meng behind him. In the border area between Shu and Wu, he set up several beacon towers along the way. Once Wu Jun attacks, Guan Yu can return to Jingzhou by lighting a bonfire.

Lv Meng said that he was ill, and Sun Quan sent a young Lu Xun to replace Lv Meng. The news soon reached Fancheng. Guan Yu was relieved, so he increased the siege of Fancheng and stopped worrying about the rear.

Taking this opportunity, Monroe converted all warships into merchant ships and selected a group of elite soldiers to hide in the cabin. The soldiers paddling on the boat disguised themselves as businessmen. In this way, one merchant ship after another sailed to the north shore.

On the north shore, the Shu soldiers were all businessmen in white clothes, so they were asked to park their boats by the river. Unexpectedly, at night, the soldiers in the cabin came out together, sneaked into the watchtower by the river and occupied it.

Lv Meng's army occupied the north shore unnoticed and occupied the public security.

At this point, the reinforcements led by Huang Xu have reached the front near Fancheng. Guan Yu was in a dilemma when he learned that Lv Meng was attacking from the rear. Huang Xu attacked and defeated Guan Yu, forcing Guan Yu to withdraw his siege of Fancheng.

At this time, Guan Yu realized that his defense against Wu Dong was too careless, but it was too late. He had to flee to Maicheng with his men. Sun Quan invaded Maicheng and sent someone to persuade Guan Yu to surrender. Guan Yu fled west with a dozen cavalry. Sun Quan had already sent troops to ambush the path, stopped more than a dozen cavalry of Guan Yu, and captured Guan Yu alive. Sun Quan tried not to kill Guan Yu, but everyone remonstrated with him. So Sun Quan killed Guan Yu and his son and took Jingzhou back.

Slow accumulation of high grain is king.

In 220 AD, Cao Cao died of illness, and his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Han Dynasty and established the State of Wei. Sun Quan knew that he had retaken Jingzhou, and Liu Bei was bound to send troops for Jingzhou again. In order to avoid being attacked on both sides, he sent envoys to congratulate Cao Pi on his surrender. Wu and Wei maintained a temporary friendly relationship.

Xelloss was confused and no longer considered sending troops to attack Wu. Sun Quan avoided Wei's attack and was able to deal with Liu Bei with all his strength. At this time, Liu Bei poured out his country to attack, and Sun Quan sent Lu Xun to resist. Lu Xun set fire to the camp, defeated Liu Bei's army and won.

At this point, the Wu-Shu alliance completely broke down. On the surface, Sun Quan listened to Wei's words, but he didn't really mean it. In order to strengthen the control, Cao Pi repeatedly asked Sun Quan to send his son Sun Deng to Wei as a hostage, but Sun Quan naturally refused, so the war between Wei and Wu broke out again.

In 222 AD, Cao Pi sent three armies to attack Soochow, and Sun Quan quickly sent troops to resist Cao Jun. ..

At this time, Sun Quan realized that if he continued to be an enemy of Shu Han. There would be danger of being attacked on both sides, so he sent people to Shu Han on his own initiative. Instead of repairing it, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister, wanted to continue to implement the strategy of uniting Wu and Cao Cao, and wanted to run the southwest well first, and then find another job. So you have feelings for me, and the alliance between Wu and Shu was re-established, so Sun Quan was able to get away and deal with the invasion of Wei Jun. He accepted the advice of his generals, planted a variety of trees on the south bank of the Yangtze River, surrounded by reeds and coated with mud, and built a fake tower city to confuse Wei Jun, which made Cao Pi helpless to withdraw and return to the north.

At this time Zhuge Liang also led the Shu army to attack Wei. Cao Wei could not divide his troops eastward, and the time was finally ripe for rising of sun.

After repeated persuasion by ministers, Sun Quan refused again and again, and devoted himself to developing the economy in the south of the Yangtze River, so that the social productive forces in the south of the Yangtze River gradually rose and the national strength of Soochow became stronger and stronger. At this time, Sun Quan will not achieve much when he sees that Cao is in charge of the country. The alliance between Wu and Shu was harmonious and the domestic rule was very stable, which made it convenient for him to claim the title of emperor in 229 AD and formally establish the State of Wu.

After Sun Quan acceded to the throne, he continued to implement the political, military and economic policies before he acceded to the throne, and his national strength increased day by day.

Sun Quan is very experienced in employing people. Sun Quan pays equal attention to kindness and prestige, focusing on kindness and prestige, winning the heart of a general. It is precisely because Sun Quan can be polite to Corporal Xian that he loves talents like life. Only the people in the world regard Sun Quan as the master of sages and talents, and return home with the wind, making Dongwu sages like forests and warriors like clouds, so it can protect Jiangdong's inheritance for decades.

Sun Quan is still open-minded, good advice, and bravely accepted the correct advice of his liegeman. Sun Quan and his ministers used to drink at Wuchang Lingdiaotai, and they all got as drunk as a fiddler. Sun Quan also said excitedly: "Everyone should drink and get drunk tonight!" The veteran Zhang Zhao was silent. He got up and went out. Sun Quan sent someone to call Zhang Zhao back and asked him, "Just playing together. Why are you angry? " Zhang Zhao replied, "In the past, Shang Zhouwang was the meat forest in the wine pool, but he drank all night. At that time, he thought it was fun and not evil. " After hearing this, Sun Quan kept silent, thought twice, felt deeply ashamed, and ordered him to give up drinking.

However, Sun Quan in his later years inevitably suffered from senile diseases. Compared with his previous heroic deeds, he was headstrong, suspicious and treacherous, and refused to repay his loyalty. Totally different. With the growing suspicion, Sun Quan specially set up two posts, school affairs and war inspection, to monitor civil and military officials.

In 252 AD, Sun Quan died of illness.