Fire control knowledge

1. Little is known about forest fire fighting.

Knowledge of forest fire fighting 1. Basic knowledge of forest fire fighting

Basic principles of forest fire fighting: The basic principles of forest fire fighting are "fight early, fight small and fight big". Playing early is to put out the fire in time; Playing small is playing what just happened; Hit means the thoroughness of fire fighting. We should not only open fire, but also clean up the dark fire and eliminate all remaining fires.

Twelve elements of fire safety:

1, forest fire fighting shall not mobilize the disabled, pregnant women and children to directly participate in the fire fighting.

2. Firefighters must receive fire safety training.

3, abide by the fire discipline, obey the unified command and high scheduling, it is forbidden to act alone.

4. Keep communication smooth at all times.

5. Firefighters should be equipped with necessary equipment, such as helmets, fire suits, fire gloves, fire boots and fire tools.

6, pay close attention to observe the weather changes in the fire, pay special attention to the high incidence of casualties during the afternoon to put out forest fires.

7. Pay close attention to the types and flammability of combustible materials in the fire source to avoid entering flammable areas.

8, pay attention to the terrain conditions of the fire, fire fighters are not allowed to enter the three sides surrounded by mountains, saddle valley, narrow grass pond ditch, narrow valley, sunny hillside and other areas directly put out the fire.

9. When fighting forest fires, fire safety zones and evacuation routes should be selected in advance to prevent accidents.

10, once in a dangerous environment, keep a clear head and actively try to save yourself.

1 1. When fighting underground fires, be sure to find out the fire area and mark it properly to avoid entering the fire area by mistake.

12, the firemen are extremely exhausted, so they should rest in time and maintain strong physical strength.

2. Little is known about forest fire prevention

Original issuer: Xue Hai Wu pressure 04.

Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of forest fire prevention 1. What is forest fire prevention? Forest fire prevention is to prevent the occurrence and spread of forest fires, that is, to prevent and remedy forest fires. 2. What is a forest fire? Forest fire is a sudden, destructive and difficult natural disaster. Any forest fire that loses human control, spreads and expands freely in the forest land, burns forest resources, causes economic losses, destroys the ecological environment, or causes casualties is called forest fire. 3. What are the types of forest fires? According to the State Council's Forest Fire Prevention Regulations, forest fires are divided into four categories: forest fires: the affected forest area is less than one hectare or other woodlands are on fire; General forest fire: the affected forest area is more than one hectare but less than one hundred hectares; Major forest fire: affected forest area 1000 hectares; Extraordinary forest fire: affected forest area 1000 hectares or more. Generally, yellow fire occurs in barren hills, wasteland and wasteland, without causing forest loss, which is called forest fire. 4. How to prevent forest fires? To prevent the occurrence of forest fires, we must understand the laws of forest fires, adopt the method of combining administration, law, economy and engineering, and use scientific and technological means to minimize the occurrence of fires. Considering the fire source, it is forbidden to bring kindling into the forest area, which can prevent forest fires. 5. How to put out forest fires? On the basis of understanding the burning law of forest fires, we should establish a strict command system, organize effective firefighting teams, and use effective firefighting equipment, firefighting methods and technologies to prevent the spread of forest fires and minimize economic losses. 6. What are the three elements of forest burning? Combustible, oxygen and heat source (fire source) are combined. 7. What is the principle of fighting forest fires? That is, destroying the conditions for forest burning. Only by eliminating any one of the three elements will the combustion stop. 8. dragons

3. The basic knowledge of forest fire fighting.

Basic principles of forest fire fighting: The basic principles of forest fire fighting are "fight early, fight small and fight big".

Playing early is to put out the fire in time; Playing small is playing what just happened; Hit means the thoroughness of fire fighting. We should not only open fire, but also clean up the dark fire and eliminate all remaining fires.

Twelve elements of fire safety: 1. Disabled people, pregnant women and children shall not be mobilized to directly participate in forest fire fighting. 2. Firefighters must receive fire safety training.

3, abide by the fire discipline, obey the unified command and high scheduling, it is forbidden to act alone. 4. Keep communication smooth at all times.

5. Firefighters should be equipped with necessary equipment, such as helmets, fire suits, fire gloves, fire boots and fire tools. 6, pay close attention to observe the weather changes in the fire, pay special attention to the high incidence of casualties during the afternoon to put out forest fires.

7. Pay close attention to the types and flammability of combustible materials in the fire source to avoid entering flammable areas. 8, pay attention to the terrain conditions of the fire, fire fighters are not allowed to enter the three sides surrounded by mountains, saddle valley, narrow grass pond ditch, narrow valley, sunny hillside and other areas directly put out the fire.

9. When fighting forest fires, fire safety zones and evacuation routes should be selected in advance to prevent accidents. 10, once in a dangerous environment, keep a clear head and actively try to save yourself.

1 1. When fighting underground fires, be sure to find out the fire area and mark it properly to avoid entering the fire area by mistake. 12, the firemen are extremely exhausted, so they should rest in time and maintain strong physical strength.

4. Little is known about forest protection and fire prevention

Forest is the cradle of human birth and the cornerstone of human existence. Protecting forests means protecting human beings. Protecting forests makes green hills greener, hometown richer and country richer.

Second, everyone is responsible for forest protection and fire prevention. Remember: forest protection and fire prevention, starting from me, starting from now.

The third is to prevent forest fires, and strict control of fire sources is the key.

Fourth, use fire according to law, and offenders will be prosecuted. It is forbidden to use fire in the wild during the fire prevention period, and parents should supervise their children not to play with fire in the wild.

Five, fire prevention is to prevent people. People are on fire, trees are safe, and the fire is always on, so the country and people are safe. Only by controlling people can we control the fire source and put an end to man-made fires.

Six, forest fire prevention has no solar terms, and the whole year is a fire prevention period.

Seven, forest fire prevention "ten noes"

1, no wild Yamakaji, drive away animals and bees;

2. It is forbidden to burn mountains for heating and cooking in forest areas;

3. Smoking and cigarette butts are not allowed in the forest area;

4, are not allowed to burn incense, paper and firecrackers in the forest area;

5. It is not allowed to smoke rat holes, snake holes and animal holes in forest areas;

6, are not allowed to burn on the hillside ridge, ridge;

7. Don't play with fire in the mountains.

8, no wildfire reclamation, burning grass, firewood;

9, are not allowed to use torches to illuminate the mountain road at night;

10, the forest on the hillside is not allowed to burn charcoal and ashes.

Eight, fire and water are ruthless, and life is a matter of life. Fire fighting should pay attention to science, do what you can, seize the opportunity and overcome blindness.

Nine, the basic principle of forest fire fighting is "early fight, small fight, quick fight". The initial fire fighting is the premise of fire fighting, the small fire fighting is the key to fire fighting, and the fire fighting is the core of fire fighting.

X the policy of forest fire prevention is: "prevention first, active elimination." Self-defense and autonomy are based on group defense and group governance.

Xi。 China's Criminal Law: Article 1 15 stipulates that if a fire is caused by the fault of the actor, causing serious injury or death to others or heavy losses to public interests or other people's property, criminal responsibility shall be investigated.

Twelve, plant trees to bless future generations, burning mountains and destroying forests from generation to generation. For the safety of the forest and your happiness, please consciously abide by the fire prevention system.

5. Basic knowledge of forest fire prevention

1. What does "forest fire prevention" mean? Answer: It refers to preventing and fighting fires in forests, trees and woodlands.

2. What do you mean by "five prohibitions" when entering the forest area? A: It is forbidden to throw cigarette butts and match stalks in forest areas; Firecrackers and fireworks are not allowed to be set off in forest areas; Fire is not allowed to drive away animals in forest areas; It is not allowed to burn fire to keep warm and barbecue food in the forest area; Don't play with fire for fun in the forest area. Who can't organize to put out forest fires? A: The elderly, women, primary and secondary school students, children and the infirm.

4. What are the three conditions for forest burning? A: Combustible, oxygen and a certain temperature. 5. What are the combustible materials in the forest? A: Trees, shrubs, weeds, ferns, mosses, lichens, dead trees, decaying trees, litter and underground humus and peat are all combustible.

6. According to the burning position, spreading speed and degree of harm, what are the three types of forest fires? Answer: There are three kinds of fires: surface fire, crown fire and underground fire. 7. What are the characteristics of forest fires? A: Under the mountain conditions, especially on the sunny slope, the fire is fierce and spreads rapidly, which is difficult to put out; And sitting on fire, its fire is weak, which is conducive to fighting.

8. What are the two ways to put out the fire? A: Forest fires are generally put out by combining direct fire fighting with isolated fire fighting. The common method of direct fire fighting is that firefighters use their own tools to directly extinguish the fire along the line of fire.

When the surface fire or crown fire is so fierce that people can't get close to it, indirect fire extinguishing method is adopted, and the fire source is cut off by splitting the fire path to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing. 9. What are the basic essentials for fighting mountain fires? Answer: When fighting a mountain fire, you should stand with two feet inside the edge of the burned area and the other foot outside the edge. When using fire extinguishing tools, the burned area should be hit obliquely at an angle of 40-60 degrees.

Give it a pat when you pat it, and don't shoot it straight up and down to avoid splashing sparks and expanding the burning point. When flapping, you should hit hard and lift lightly, hit fast and lift slowly, and move forward while hitting.

When the firepower is weak, you can fight alone. When the fire is big, it is necessary to organize several people to fight a little at the same time, rise and fall at the same time, and move forward together after putting out the fire. When putting out a fire, put it out along the line of fire one by one. Never go out of the fire line to put out the fire inside, let alone stop or put out the fire in front of the fire sign, especially when putting out the grass pond fire and the headwind fire, pay more attention to safety.

10, how to put out forest fires without causing casualties? A: it is forbidden to confront fire in the fire line; Don't beat downwind; Don't fight in front of the line of fire; When putting out mountain fires, we should pay attention to the change of wind direction to prevent mountain fires from being involved in burns. When cleaning up the fire site, we should pay attention to burning, leaning against the "tree hanging" and sudden drop of wood, especially to prevent people from falling into the "fire pit" and burning.

1 1. What are the common personal injury accidents in fire fighting? Answer: (1) was directly burned by fire. The main reason is that firefighters are in danger and have no time to evacuate.

According to the experimental data, the temperature of fire reaches 800- 1000 ~ C, and people can only live for 7.5 seconds-18 seconds. (2) suffocation casualties.

One is carbon monoxide poisoning coma or death. When the carbon monoxide content in the air reaches more than 1%, the weak body will die within 1 minute, and the strong body will die within 2 minutes. Second, in front of the fire, after inhaling high-temperature airflow, the throat produces edema and blocks the trachea and dies.

(3) fall to death. Mainly because of fire, because of broken wood, rolling stones, or because of falling off a cliff and dying.

(four) casualties caused by violation of operating rules. In fire fighting, when using tools such as shovels and rakes, they collide with each other without keeping a certain distance, or personal injury accidents occur due to improper use of fire-fighting bombs.

12. What are the strategies for fighting forest fires? A: (1) Divide strategic fire zones. According to the degree of fire threat, it is divided into primary and secondary fire extinguishing areas.

There are five natural and artificial fire barriers near the fire site, and the fire can spread freely, which is the main strategic area for fire fighting. There are natural and artificial fire barriers outside the fire boundary, so the fire is not easy to expand. When the fire spreads to the fire barrier, it will naturally go out.

This is a secondary fire zone. Put out the fire in the main area first, and then focus on putting out the fire in the sub-area.

(2) Control the fire spread first, and then eliminate the residual fire. (3) Combination of fighting and prevention, mainly fighting.

In the case of fierce fire, the fire line should be set at an appropriate place in the main direction of fire development, and the fire wings should be flapped to prevent the fire from spreading. (4) Concentrate superior forces to fight the war of annihilation.

The fire is constantly changing. The fire fighting headquarters should focus on the overall situation, focus on defending key parts, focus on guarding dangerous areas, seize the favorable opportunity to put out the fire, concentrate superior forces to put out the fire in one fell swoop. (5) Sacrifice part to save the overall situation.

In order to better protect forest resources and people's lives and property, in the case of fierce fire and insufficient manpower, measures must be taken to sacrifice part and protect the overall situation. The key points and order of protection are: the ancestors should put things behind them, and the key forest areas should be followed by the general forest areas; If forests and historical relics are harmed by fire, the forests should be protected after the cultural relics are protected.

(6) Safety first. Fire fighting is a hard and tense action, which often leads to mistakes in busy work and accidents in chaos.

When putting out the fire, especially in windy days, always pay attention to the change of the fire to avoid being trapped by the fire and causing personal injury. In the large-scale fire scene and long-term fire extinguishing process, commanders at all levels should proceed from safety first, be strict with requirements and discipline, and earnestly strike a fire safely.

13. What are the answers to escape from danger and save yourself? First, retreat to safety. When putting out the fire, the fire extinguishing pair (group) should observe the change of the fire site. In case of Fei Huo and cyclone, organize firefighters to enter the burned area, the area with less vegetation and low flame.

The second is to ignite and save yourself according to the specifications. It is necessary to conduct unified command, choose a relatively flat place, light the downwind fire while playing the fires on both sides, and follow the direction of the fire head to enter the burning area caused by ignition and self-help to avoid fire.

The third is to avoid risks according to the norms. In case of danger, you should lie down in a place with less vegetation nearby, with your feet facing the fire, pull open the floating soil until you see wet soil, put your face in the into the pit, wrap your head with clothes, and put your hands in front of your body.

The fourth is to break the wind according to the norms. The wind changed suddenly and the fire fell.

6. Basic knowledge of forest fire prevention

1. What does "forest fire prevention" mean? Answer: It refers to preventing and fighting fires in forests, trees and woodlands.

2. What do you mean by "five prohibitions" when entering the forest area? A: It is forbidden to throw cigarette butts and match stalks in forest areas; Firecrackers and fireworks are not allowed to be set off in forest areas; Fire is not allowed to drive away animals in forest areas; It is not allowed to burn fire to keep warm and barbecue food in the forest area; Don't play with fire for fun in the forest area. Who can't organize to put out forest fires? A: The elderly, women, primary and secondary school students, children and the infirm.

4. What are the three conditions for forest burning? A: Combustible, oxygen and a certain temperature. 5. What are the combustible materials in the forest? A: Trees, shrubs, weeds, ferns, mosses, lichens, dead trees, decaying trees, litter and underground humus and peat are all combustible.

6. According to the burning position, spreading speed and degree of harm, what are the three types of forest fires? Answer: There are three kinds of fires: surface fire, crown fire and underground fire. 7. What are the characteristics of forest fires? A: Under the mountain conditions, especially on the sunny slope, the fire is fierce and spreads rapidly, which is difficult to put out; And sitting on fire, its fire is weak, which is conducive to fighting.

8. What are the two ways to put out the fire? A: Forest fires are generally put out by combining direct fire fighting with isolated fire fighting. The common method of direct fire fighting is that firefighters use their own tools to directly extinguish the fire along the line of fire.

When the surface fire or crown fire is so fierce that people can't get close to it, indirect fire extinguishing method is adopted, and the fire source is cut off by splitting the fire path to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing. 9. What are the basic essentials for fighting mountain fires? Answer: When fighting a mountain fire, you should stand with two feet inside the edge of the burned area and the other foot outside the edge. When using fire extinguishing tools, the burned area should be hit obliquely at an angle of 40-60 degrees.

Give it a pat when you pat it, and don't shoot it straight up and down to avoid splashing sparks and expanding the burning point. When flapping, you should hit hard and lift lightly, hit fast and lift slowly, and move forward while hitting.

When the firepower is weak, you can fight alone. When the fire is big, it is necessary to organize several people to fight a little at the same time, rise and fall at the same time, and move forward together after putting out the fire. When putting out a fire, put it out along the line of fire one by one. Never go out of the fire line to put out the fire inside, let alone stop or put out the fire in front of the fire sign, especially when putting out the grass pond fire and the headwind fire, pay more attention to safety.

10, how to put out forest fires without causing casualties? A: it is forbidden to confront fire in the fire line; Don't beat downwind; Don't fight in front of the line of fire; When putting out mountain fires, we should pay attention to the change of wind direction to prevent mountain fires from being involved in burns. When cleaning up the fire site, we should pay attention to burning, leaning against the "tree hanging" and sudden drop of wood, especially to prevent people from falling into the "fire pit" and burning.

1 1. What are the common personal injury accidents in fire fighting? Answer: (1) was directly burned by fire. The main reason is that firefighters are in danger and have no time to evacuate.

According to the experimental data, the temperature of fire reaches 800- 1000 ~ C, and people can only live for 7.5 seconds-18 seconds. (2) suffocation casualties.

One is carbon monoxide poisoning coma or death. When the carbon monoxide content in the air reaches more than 1%, the weak body will die within 1 minute, and the strong body will die within 2 minutes. Second, in front of the fire, after inhaling high-temperature airflow, the throat produces edema and blocks the trachea and dies.

(3) fall to death. Mainly because of fire, because of broken wood, rolling stones, or because of falling off a cliff and dying.

(four) casualties caused by violation of operating rules. In fire fighting, when using tools such as shovels and rakes, they collide with each other without keeping a certain distance, or personal injury accidents occur due to improper use of fire-fighting bombs.

12. What are the strategies for fighting forest fires? A: (1) Divide strategic fire zones. According to the degree of fire threat, it is divided into primary and secondary fire extinguishing areas.

There are five natural and artificial fire barriers near the fire site, and the fire can spread freely, which is the main strategic area for fire fighting. There are natural and artificial fire barriers outside the fire boundary, so the fire is not easy to expand. When the fire spreads to the fire barrier, it will naturally go out.

This is a secondary fire zone. Put out the fire in the main area first, and then focus on putting out the fire in the sub-area.

(2) Control the fire spread first, and then eliminate the residual fire. (3) Combination of fighting and prevention, mainly fighting.

In the case of fierce fire, the fire line should be set at an appropriate place in the main direction of fire development, and the fire wings should be flapped to prevent the fire from spreading. (4) Concentrate superior forces to fight the war of annihilation.

The fire is constantly changing. The fire fighting headquarters should focus on the overall situation, focus on defending key parts, focus on guarding dangerous areas, seize the favorable opportunity to put out the fire, concentrate superior forces to put out the fire in one fell swoop. (5) Sacrifice part to save the overall situation.

In order to better protect forest resources and people's lives and property, in the case of fierce fire and insufficient manpower, measures must be taken to sacrifice part and protect the overall situation. The key points and order of protection are: the ancestors should put things behind them, and the key forest areas should be followed by the general forest areas; If forests and historical relics are harmed by fire, the forests should be protected after the cultural relics are protected.

(6) Safety first. Fire fighting is a hard and tense action, which often leads to mistakes in busy work and accidents in chaos.

When putting out the fire, especially in windy days, always pay attention to the change of the fire to avoid being trapped by the fire and causing personal injury. In the large-scale fire scene and long-term fire extinguishing process, commanders at all levels should proceed from safety first, be strict with requirements and discipline, and earnestly strike a fire safely.

13. What are the answers to escape from danger and save yourself? First, retreat to safety. When putting out the fire, the fire extinguishing pair (group) should observe the change of the fire site. In case of Fei Huo and cyclone, organize firefighters to enter the burned area, the area with less vegetation and low flame.

The second is to ignite and save yourself according to the specifications. It is necessary to conduct unified command, choose a relatively flat place, light the downwind fire while playing the fires on both sides, and follow the direction of the fire head to enter the burning area caused by ignition and self-help to avoid fire.

The third is to avoid risks according to the norms. In case of danger, you should lie down in a place with less vegetation nearby, with your feet facing the fire, pull open the floating soil until you see wet soil, put your face in the into the pit, wrap your head with clothes, and put your hands in front of your body.

The fourth is to break the wind according to the norms. The wind changed suddenly and the fire fell.

7. What is the knowledge of forest fire prevention?

1. Disabled people, pregnant women and children shall not be mobilized to put out forest fires.

2. Firefighters must receive fire safety training. 3. Abide by the fire discipline, obey the unified command and dispatch, and it is forbidden to act alone.

4. Keep communication smooth at all times. 5. Firefighters should be equipped with necessary equipment, such as helmets, fire suits, fire gloves, fire boots and fire fighting equipment.

6. Pay close attention to the weather changes in the fire site, especially the weather conditions in the afternoon when forest fires have high casualties. 7. Pay close attention to the types and flammability of combustible substances in the fire to avoid entering the combustible area.

8. Pay attention to the terrain conditions of the fire. Firefighters are not allowed to enter areas surrounded by mountains on three sides, saddle-shaped valleys, narrow grass ponds, narrow valleys, sunny slopes and so on to directly beat the fire heads.

9. When fighting forest fires, fire safety zones and evacuation routes should be selected in advance to prevent accidents. Once you are caught in a dangerous environment, you should keep a clear head and actively try to save yourself.

When fighting underground fires, be sure to find out the scope of the fire and mark it well to avoid entering the fire by mistake. 10. Firefighters are exhausted, so they should take a break in time and keep strong physical strength.

Eight, the favorable opportunity to put out the mountain fire (a) the early stage of the fire. The initial fire was weak and the area was small. Only when the fire brigade arrives in time to put out the fire can the fire be put out easily.

(2) going down the mountain. Downhill fire spreads slowly, the fire is weak and easy to fight.

Try to eliminate downhill fire in the downhill stage. (3) at night.

At night, especially in the early morning, the temperature is low, the relative humidity is high, the wind is small, the fire is weak, the spread speed is slow, and the fire in the depression will go out by itself; Mountain fires also climb slowly, sometimes falling without a fight. The fire line of the whole fire is easily broken. In this case, only effective command can quickly put out the fire.

However, in case of a night fire, we should pay attention to the steep mountains in the dark to prevent people from falling and being injured. Secondly, it is necessary to clean it carefully to prevent the fire from rekindling when the temperature rises and the wind increases the next day. Favorable fire fighting weather.

The microclimate in the forest area often changes. In the process of fire fighting, sometimes it will be cloudy, rainy and snowy. It is necessary to concentrate on fire fighting to prevent cleaning and fire fighting difficulties. 9. Forest Fire Prevention in Tourist Areas In order to prevent forest fires in tourist areas, the main measures are as follows: First, establish a fire prevention system, organize fire fighting teams, reserve sufficient fire fighting materials, and build necessary fire prevention facilities.

The second is to formulate management methods and strict measures for field users in scenic spots. The third is to strengthen publicity and education for tourists. There must be major fire prevention matters in the entrance tickets, fire prevention notices in hotels, fire prevention publicity such as TV, movies and radio, and fire prevention signs in all tourist routes and scenic spots.

Fourth, the headquarters of forest fire prevention in scenic spots, travel agencies and units stationed in scenic spots determine the responsibility for forest fire prevention, implement tour guide packages for tourists, and implement a real-name registration system for people entering major scenic spots. The fifth is to remove forest combustibles such as litter on tourist routes and reduce fire hazards.

Sixth, strengthen patrol inspection to eliminate fire hazards in time. During the fire prevention period, important scenic spots will be closed to ensure safety.

X. How to strengthen safety measures during fire fighting First, assign comrades with fire fighting experience as front-line commanders. Second, the temporary organization of firefighters, must specify the section chief and team leader.

The third is to clarify fire discipline and safety matters. The fourth is to check whether the fire-fighting equipment meets the requirements and whether the fire-fighting clothes are very loose and flame-retardant.

Fifth, strengthen fire reconnaissance and organize fire communication, rescue and logistics support. Sixth, choose the advance and retreat routes and safe areas.

The seventh is to enter the fire from the tail of the fire and fight along the two wings of the fire. Eighth, don't hit the fire head directly in the wind, don't hit the fire head directly up the mountain, don't hit the fire head directly on cliffs, steep slopes and broken terrain, don't put out the fire directly in windy weather and fire conditions, and don't put out the fire in places with dense combustibles.

Nine is the correct use of fire fighting equipment. Eleven, escape self-help method one is to retreat into a safe area.

The fire fighting team (group) should observe the changes of the fire scene when putting out the fire. In case of Fei Huo and cyclone, organize firefighters to enter burn areas, areas with less vegetation and low flame. The second is to ignite and save yourself according to the specifications.

It is necessary to unify the command, choose a relatively flat place, and lie down to avoid danger according to regulations. In case of danger, you should lie down in a place with less vegetation nearby, with your feet facing the direction of the fire, pull open the floating soil until you see wet soil, bury your face in the pit, wrap your head with clothes, and put your hands in front of your body.

The third is to break the wind according to the norms. When the wind changes suddenly and the fire turns around, the commander should decisively give the order to break through, and the players themselves should make decisive decisions, choose places with less grass, wrap their heads with clothes, hold their breath and rush to break through in the wind.

People should be able to break through in 7.5 seconds. Never race against the fire, only rush to it.

8. Complete knowledge of forest fire prevention

In the case of forest combustibles and fire sources, whether forest fires can occur mainly depends on fire weather. Generally speaking, fire weather is the climatic conditions favorable to forest fires, such as high temperature, little precipitation, low relative humidity, strong wind and long-term drought.

Forest fire is very harmful and difficult to put out, so it is particularly important to put out the fire immediately when the fire is still in its infancy. Because forest fires are often located in deep mountains and old forests, it is not easy to find them, so it is of great significance to find them early.

There are two main causes of forest fires: man-made fires and natural fires.

Man-made fire: Among the fires caused by man-made fire sources, forest fires caused by land reclamation and smoking are the most. In the forest fires in China, the fires caused by cooking smoke, burning wasteland and burning paper on graves account for an absolute number.

1. Productive fire sources: fire for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, fire for forestry sideline production, fire for industrial and mining transportation production, etc.

2. Unproductive fire sources: such as cooking in the wild, cooking, burning paper, heating, etc.

3. Intentional arson: burning hay, setting off firecrackers and fireworks.

Natural fire: including lightning fire and spontaneous combustion. Forest fires caused by natural fires account for about 1% of the total forest fires in China.

Extended data

Importance of forest fire prevention

The survival and development of human beings can not be separated from the oxygen and forest products provided by forests for a moment. Although China has a vast territory and abundant natural resources, on the whole, the total amount of forest resources in China is still insufficient, and the forest coverage rate is only 60% of the world average, ranking130th in the world.

The per capita forest area is only 0. 13 hectare, which is less than the world average14, ranking134th in the world. The per capita forest stock is only 9.4 cubic meters, which is less than the world average 1/6, ranking122nd in the world.

Due to the insufficient total amount and low quality of forest resources, land desertification, soil erosion, drought and water shortage, floods and other disasters in China are very prominent, and the national ecological security is facing a serious threat. Among the threats affecting forest resources, forest fire is one of the most important threats, which can turn forests into ashes in an instant.

According to survey statistics, more than 95% of forest fires are caused by human factors. In order to keep the forest away from fire and people away from danger, the key is to let people know how to use fire scientifically, put out fire scientifically and avoid fire scientifically.

Baidu encyclopedia-forest fire prevention

9. Ask some tips on forest fire prevention.

Common sense of forest fire prevention

First, the harm of forest fires

Forest fire is the most dangerous enemy and the most terrible disaster in forestry, which will bring the greatest harm and devastating consequences to the forest. Forest fire will not only burn patches of forest, harm the animals in the forest, but also reduce the regeneration ability of the forest, cause soil impoverishment, destroy the function of forest to conserve water, and even lead to imbalance of ecological environment. Despite the rapid development of science in the world today, human beings have not made great progress in putting out forest fires.

Second, the types and classification of forest fires

According to the burning position, spreading speed, damaged position and degree of forest fires, forest fires can be roughly divided into three categories: 1. Surface fire II. Crown fire 3. Underground fire.

According to the size of the affected forest area, forest fires are divided into the following four categories:

1. Forest fire: the affected forest area is less than 1 hectare or other woodlands catch fire (including yellow fire);

2. General forest fire: the affected forest area is more than 1 hectare and less than 100 hectare;

3. Major forest fires: the affected forest area is less than 1000 hectares1000 hectares;

4. Extraordinary forest fire: the affected forest area 1000 hectares or more;

Third, the causes of forest fires

There are two main causes of forest fires: man-made fires and natural fires.

(1) Man-made fires include the following types:

1. Productive fire sources: fire for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, fire for forestry sideline production, fire for industrial and mining transportation production, etc.

2. Unproductive fire sources: such as outdoor smoking, cooking, burning paper, heating, etc. ;

3. Intentional arson

Among the fires caused by man-made fire sources, forest fires caused by land reclamation and smoking are the most. In the forest fires in our city, the fires caused by smoking, burning wasteland and burning paper on graves account for an absolute number.

(2) Natural fire: including lightning fire and spontaneous combustion. Forest fires caused by natural fires account for about 1% of the total forest fires in China.

Four, three factors affecting the fire.

Temperature, humidity and unit combustible load.

Five, fighting forest fires

(A) how to strengthen safety measures when putting out the fire

Strengthen fire control organizations. One is to send comrades with fire fighting experience as front-line commanders. Second, the temporary organization of firefighters, must specify the section chief and team leader. The third is to clarify fire discipline and safety matters. The fourth is to check whether the fire-fighting equipment meets the requirements and whether the fire-fighting clothes are very loose and flame-retardant. Fifth, strengthen fire reconnaissance and organize fire communication, rescue and logistics support. The sixth is to enter the fire from the tail of the fire and fight along the two wings of the fire. Seventh, don't strike the fire head directly in the wind, don't strike the fire head up the mountain, don't strike the fire head on cliffs, steep slopes and broken terrain, don't put out the fire directly in windy weather and fire conditions, and don't put out the fire in places with dense combustibles. Eight is the correct use of fire fighting equipment.

(2) What are the ways to save yourself from danger?

Retreat to a safe area. The fire fighting team (group) should observe the changes of the fire scene when putting out the fire. In case of Fei Huo and cyclone, organize firefighters to enter burn areas, areas with less vegetation and low flame. The second is to ignite and save yourself according to the specifications. It is necessary to unify the command, choose a relatively flat place, and lie down to avoid danger according to regulations. In case of danger, you should lie down in a place with less vegetation nearby, with your feet facing the direction of the fire, pull open the floating soil until you see wet soil, bury your face in the pit, wrap your head with clothes and put your hands on the front of your body. The fourth is to break the wind according to the norms. When the wind changes suddenly and the fire turns around, the commander should decisively give the order to break through, and the players themselves should make decisive decisions, choose places with less grass, wrap their heads with clothes, hold their breath and rush to break through in the wind. People should be able to break through in 7.5 seconds. Never race against the fire, only rush to it.