Strange weather in Jiangxi

On June 5, local time 65438+ 10/kloc-0, a violent eruption of VEI-6 occurred in Tonga, an island country in the southern hemisphere, about 2,000 kilometers away from New Zealand/kloc-0 and Australia.

According to satellite data, its volcanic ash has rushed to an altitude of about 28 kilometers and entered the stratosphere. The loud noise from the volcanic eruption can be heard as far away as Australia. At present, its comprehensive scale has exceeded the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines 30 years ago.

Such a huge amount of volcanic ash erupts into the atmosphere, which is bound to drift westward with the equatorial westerlies, not only crowding out and spreading nearby tropical cyclones, but also gradually spreading into the global atmosphere, blocking some sunlight and reducing surface heating, thus causing abnormal climate phenomena, mainly global cooling.

To this end, many people worry that cooling will lead to "no summer in a year" on the earth.

In fact, this kind of worry is really not groundless. 18 16, a climate catastrophe caused by volcanic eruption happened on the earth, and its destructiveness was appalling. It was then that the word "a year without summer" was first used.

18 15, Mount Tambora in Indonesia suddenly erupted.

The eruption of Mount Tambora is the most violent volcanic eruption event recorded on earth in human history, and volcanic explosivity index has reached the level of VEI 7.

From April 5, 18 15, the volcanic eruption continued until the middle of July of the same year. The violent volcanic eruption caused the Tambora volcano, which was originally 4 100 meters above sea level, to plummet to only about 2850 meters above sea level in a short time.

At the top of the whole volcanic body, due to violent eruption, a giant crater with a diameter of more than 6 thousand meters and a depth of about 700 meters was formed, and about 70 billion tons of mountain disappeared.

When Mount Tambora erupted, a loud noise could be heard 2,500 kilometers away, releasing 50,000 times the energy of Hiroshima atomic bomb, ejecting 654.38+04 billion tons of magma and more than 60 billion tons of volcanic ash. The volcanic ash gradually becomes thinner from near to far, but the thickness is more than 20 cm at a distance of 400 kilometers from the volcano, which shows that the ejected volcanic ash is amazing.

Among them, about 654.38+0.7 billion tons of volcanic ash was sprayed into hundreds of thousands of kilometers, which can be described as covering the sky. At that time, the direct death toll of local residents caused by the eruption of Mount Tambora exceeded 765,438+0,000.

However, the real disaster caused by the eruption of Mount Tambora was not fully revealed until the next year.

In the ancient feudal society of China, due to the underdevelopment of science, many meteorological anomalies were attributed to natural punishment. Just like Six In the snow, it is a taboo among the people, thinking that there is a great injustice in the world.

18 16 years (the 21st year of Jiaqing), China experienced extreme weather once in a century. History: "In August of the lunar calendar, the weather suddenly seems like a cold winter". In Anhui, Jiangxi and other places, it begins to snow in June of the lunar calendar.

The culprit of all this is not the so-called "heavenly punishment" of folk superstition at all, but the eruption of Tambora volcano in Indonesia in the middle of 18 15.

At that time, a large number of volcanic ash sprayed into the atmosphere, which spread with the passage of time and the action of airflow, almost covering and shielding the global atmosphere. Although it can't be intuitively perceived by the naked eye, it blocks a lot of heat from the sun, causing the earth to get cold. At that time, according to scientific research estimates, the global average temperature dropped by 0.7 degrees Celsius.

Thus, in the winter of 18 15, the northern hemisphere ushered in the coldest year since the record of 1400. At that time, the extremely cold weather caused the southern part of the Qing Dynasty to be covered with thick snow, and a large number of livestock froze to death because they did not adapt to this weather.

I thought winter would be fine, but 18 16, people found that things were far from being as simple as they thought, and they refused to leave in winter. March and April, still very cold, is a very "strange" summer. Because it has been cold weather, this year is called "a year without summer".

The cold weather makes it impossible to sow crops. Without food, famine began to appear. At that time, Yunnan, which was the least resistant to extremely cold weather, became the hardest hit.

The poet Li Yuyang described the horror in "Selling Children" like this:

In order to fill their stomachs, people have reached the point of betraying their children. Many places are hungry wolves, which is called "Jiaqing famine" in history.

The more unusual weather performance is that the sunny and warm weather at the beginning, because of the huge regional temperature difference, was still 20 or 30 degrees on the first day, and it was windy for one night, and it could drop below 0 degrees the next day.

In the year of 18 16 alone, the number of people who died of famine due to climate disasters in China exceeded 860,000. To a certain extent, this abnormal climate change made the national luck of the Qing Dynasty turn from prosperity to decline.

18 15 The climate anomaly caused by volcanic eruption not only affected China, but also almost all countries in the northern hemisphere, especially Europe.

18 16 years, Europe just ended its war against Napoleon, and countries are still recovering. People's lives are already very difficult, and sudden changes are unexpected.

Many places are still frozen in July and August. Lack of food also became the most common phenomenon at that time, and the phenomenon of grabbing food emerged one after another everywhere, especially in Switzerland.

Countries such as Britain, Wales and Ireland. It also experienced large-scale animal deaths, crop failures and famines. In Germany, frost appeared in August, and the temperature in many areas remained below zero all the year round. In the extreme weather at that time, the number of people frozen to death in Europe alone was close to 200 thousand.

Both the eruption of Tonga volcano and the eruption of Tambora volcano seem to explain a problem to all mankind. In front of nature, human beings are still very small.

Do you think the eruption of Tonga volcano will make the earth repeat the mistake of "a year without summer"