At what temperature will water freeze?

Freezing means that the substance reaches the triple point, which is related to the substance and the external environment, such as air pressure.

From the molecular point of view, the vibration of the lattice at low temperature is not as intense as before, and the average kinetic energy of the molecule is low, so it will inevitably vibrate near the lattice and become solid to some extent.

There is no valence bond between water molecules, but there is valence bond between hydrogen and oxygen. Water molecules are polar molecules, and oxygen has a strong electronegativity, so the interactions between molecules include hydrogen bonds, orientation forces, induction forces and dispersion forces.

It is generally believed that the freezing point of pure water is 283K at standard atmospheric pressure. When it is as low as 283K, the kinetic energy of water molecules is very small, and due to the strong hydrogen bond, a lattice with relatively low density is formed, which is ice from a macro perspective. In a word or two, that's probably it, but this explanation is too simple. If you are interested, you can just find a college inorganic textbook. There is a chapter devoted to water. When water freezes, matter reaches the triple point, which is related to matter and external environment, such as air pressure.

From the molecular point of view, the vibration of the lattice at low temperature is not as intense as before, and the average kinetic energy of the molecule is low, so it will inevitably vibrate near the lattice and become solid to some extent.

There is no valence bond between water molecules, but there is valence bond between hydrogen and oxygen. Water molecules are polar molecules, and oxygen has a strong electronegativity, so the interactions between molecules include hydrogen bonds, orientation forces, induction forces and dispersion forces.

It is generally believed that the freezing point of pure water is 283K at standard atmospheric pressure. When it is as low as 283K, the kinetic energy of water molecules is very small, and due to the strong hydrogen bond, a lattice with relatively low density is formed, which is ice from a macro perspective. In a word or two, that's probably it, but this explanation is too simple. If you are interested, you can just find a college inorganic textbook, which has a chapter devoted to water.