What does it mean to look up at the size of the universe and look down at the prosperity of the category?

The meaning of "looking up at the vastness of the universe and overlooking the richness of categories"-looking up at the vastness of the universe and overlooking many things on the earth.

Source of works

It was written by Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting, also known as Preface to Lanting, Preface to Lanting, Preface to He Lin, Preface to Zan and Zan Tie.

On March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 353), 4/kloc-0 military and political dignitaries such as Wang Xizhi, Xie An and Sun Chuo "wrote poems" in Yinshan Lanting (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). At the meeting, Wang Xizhi wrote a preface for their poems. The Preface to the Orchid Pavilion narrates the beauty of the landscape around the Orchid Pavilion and the joy of the party, and expresses the author's feelings about the impermanence of life and death.

original work

handicraftsmen

Wang Xizhi [Wei and Jin Dynasties]

Yonghe nine years, aged in Guichou, will gather in Lanting to repair things in late spring and early spring. A group of smart people never miss, but some of them are long and salty. There are mountains, lush forests and bamboos here, and there are also clear currents, which are reflected from left to right, thinking that the flow is winding, followed by yourself. Although it is not as prosperous as the string of silk and bamboo, it is enough to love.

Today is a sunny day, sunny and sunny. Looking up at the size of the universe and overlooking the richness of categories is enough to be extremely entertaining. I believe in cola.

Ladies, lifelong pitch. Or arm in arm and realize the words of a room; Let the waves go because of the entrustment. Although the fun is different, the calmness is different. When it is happy with what it meets, it will gain something from itself for the time being and will soon be self-sufficient without knowing the coming of old age; What he is tired of is that his feelings are advancing with the times and his feelings are sentimental. I'm glad that between pitches, this has become a thing of the past. I still want to live happily, the situation will be very short, and finally it will be over! The ancients said, "Life and death are great." It hurts!

Every time we look at the reasons for the excitement of the ancients, if we unite, we will not be without sorrow, and we can't compare it to something in our chests. Knowing that a dead life is a false birthday and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake. Looking back today is still looking back on the past, sad husband! Therefore, as soon as people go public, they record what they say. Although the world is different, they are happy and they are one. Later visitors will also be impressed by Sven.

Translation of works

In the ninth year of Yonghe, in early March, we will meet in Lanting, Yin Shan, Huiji County, in order to handle affairs. Many talented people gather here, young and old. Lanting Group has towering peaks, lush trees and tall bamboo forests. There is also a clear and swift stream, shining around the pavilion. We painted the stream as winding water and sat next to it. Although there is no grand occasion of playing music, drinking some wine and writing some poems is enough to describe that hidden feeling.

On this day, the weather is fine, the air is fresh and the weather is sunny. Look up at the vastness of the universe, look down at many things on the earth, broaden your horizons and broaden your mind. It's really happy.

People associate with each other and spend their lives quickly. Someone talks about ambition indoors; Some people live a carefree life with passion. Although they have their own hobbies, quiet and restless are different, but when they are happy with what they touch, they will feel complacent for a while. I feel very happy and satisfied, and I don't even know that aging is coming. When you are tired of what you get or love, your feelings will change with things, and so will your feelings. What I used to like, in an instant, has become an old trace, but I can't help feeling because of it. Besides, the length of my life depends on nature, and finally it comes down to extinction. The ancients said, "Life and death are important things after all." How can it not make people sad?

Whenever I see the reasons for the feelings of my predecessors, the reasons are consistent, and it is inevitable that I will feel sad and incomprehensible when reading the articles of my predecessors. It turns out that it is wrong to equate life and death, and it is wrong to equate longevity and short life. It is sad that future generations look at people today just as people today look at their predecessors. So write down the people who attended the meeting one by one and record the poems they made. Even though times have changed, things have changed, but the reasons for people's feelings are the same. Future readers will also be deeply touched by the poems of this gathering.

Annotation of works

(1) Yonghe: year number of Sima Dan (Jin Mudi) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, 345-356 * * * 12. In the ninth year of Yonghe, there were 4 1 person such as Wang Xizhi, Xie An and Sun Chuo. Wang Xizhi wrote this preface to summarize his works after holding ceremonies and drinking and writing poems.

(2) Late spring: March of the lunar calendar. Good evening. Good evening.

(3) meeting: assembly.

(4) Huiji (kuài? Jρ): County name, now Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

⑤ Yin Shan: the name of the county at that time.

(6) Doing things is also (for) doing things. Mao: A ceremony. In ancient times, the fourth day of March (after Wei Dynasty, it was designated as March 3) was the celebration day. An ancient custom: On March 3rd, people went to the water's edge to wash and swim to pray for good luck and eliminate disasters.

(7) Group of sages: There are many wise men and many capable people. Refers to Xie An and other 32 social celebrities. Xian: Adjectives are nouns.

(8) Arriving at the destination: all of them have arrived. Bi, Quan and Du.

(9) Less space: for example, Wang Xizhi's sons Wang Ningzhi and Wang Huizhi are less; Xie An, Wang Xizhi and others are dragons.

(10) salty: both.

(1 1) Alpine: Alpine.

(12) xiuzhu: gaozhu. Hugh, it looks tall.

(13) Turbulence (tuān): water with fast flowing potential.

(14) Around the video: The reflection surrounds the pavilion. Reflect, set off, surround

(15) Running water (shāng) Qu (qū): A glass made of lacquer is used to hold wine, and it is placed in a curved waterway and allowed to drift. When the glass stops in front of someone, someone will drink it with it. This is a way for the ancients to persuade wine for fun. Flow, causative usage. Qushui, the diversion ring bends like a canal, and the glass flows.

(16) ranking: next to Qushui. Sit in rows, sit in rows. Second, next to it.

(17) The prosperity of bamboo and string: the grand occasion of playing music. Sheng, grand.

(18) chanting: drinking and writing poems.

(19) Love: a hidden feeling.

(20) is a day: this day.

(2 1) Huifeng: gentle wind.

(22) Harmonious relaxation.

(23) Variety: There are many things. Category refers to everything in nature.

(24) so: used.

(25) chěng: Let go, let go.

(26) Extreme: exhaustion.

(27) letter: reality.

(28) Lady's relationship, pitching for a lifetime: people communicate with each other and spend their lives quickly. Honey, the first few words of the sentence are not translated. Get along, get along and communicate. Pitch indicates the brevity of time.

(29) from: from, from.

(30) Enlighten: Talk face to face. Wu through "hoo", face to face.

(3 1) Being entrusted by others and giving up on yourself: Entrust your feelings to what you like and live a free life. Because, depend on, from. Send, entrust. What you trust and love. Wild, unrestrained, unrestrained. Skull, body, shape.

(32) fun (qū) give up all kinds of differences: each has his own hobbies and different choices. Interest, that is, choice, hobby. Fun, pass "take". Very different.

(33) Quiet: Quiet and uneasy.

(34) temporary: temporary, temporary.

(35) Fast self-sufficiency: feeling happy and satisfied.

I don't know that old age is coming: I don't know that old age is coming. From the Analects of Confucius: "He is also a human being. He forgets to eat when he is angry, and forgets his worries when he is happy. He doesn't know that he is old." There is "Zeng" before the sentence of a book.

(37) Boredom: I am bored with what I like or get. Go, go and arrive.

(38) Emotions move with the times: feelings change with things. Move, change

(39) emotional department: emotional follow-up. Tie it, tie it.

(40) direction: past and past.

(4 1) old trace: old trace.

(42) Embrace it: It arouses feelings in the heart. Because, because. Yes, it refers to "the history of centripetal ...". Xing, occurrence, cause.

(43) Shortening and adaptation: The length of life depends on nature. Chemical, natural.

(44) period: to, and.

(45) Life and death are also major events: life and death are major events. Language "Zhuangzi DE chong fu".

(46) device: symbol device, ancient token. Engraving on the contract, divided into two parts, each holding half, as evidence.

(47) Ling Wen's mourning: sighing and sadness when reading ancient chapters. Face, face.

I understand.

(49) As we all know, a dead life is a false birth, and Peng Qi's sadness is an illusion: at first, it was known that the idea of equating death with life was untrue, and the idea of equating long life with short life was wrong. Of course, it was solid at first. First of all, treat ... the same; Qi, about ... because of equality, both are used as verbs. Fake birthdays, fake ridiculous words. Yes, a minor died. Make mistakes, make mistakes, talk nonsense. A life and death, Gibbon's return, is Zhuangzi's view. From "The Theory of Homogeneous Things".

(50) List of people: write down the people who attended the meeting one by one.

(5 1) Record what they say: Record their poems.

(52) First, people's ideological interests are the same.

(53) The audience of later generations: the readers of later generations.

(54) Sven: The poetry of this party.

Creation background

In the 9th year of Jin Yonghe (353), on the third day of the third lunar month, Wang Xizhi, who "went to Zhejiang first and was determined to win", once held an elegant gathering with 4/kloc-0 celebrities such as Gao Shi Xie An and Sun Chuo in the Lanting under the shade of Huiji Mountain (now under the Zhu Lan Mountain outside Shaoxing). Participants wrote poems, expressed their arms and copied them into collections. It is recommended that Wang Xizhi, the convener of this gathering, write a preface to record this elegant collection, that is, the preface to Lanting Collection. This paper describes the scenery of Lanting and the fun of gathering by Wang Xizhi and others, and expresses the author's sigh: if things are not frequent, they will eventually be finished. The author is extremely happy and sad when he is happy and sad. The article also changed with his feelings, from calm to calm, to ups and downs, ups and downs, so Preface to Lanting Collection became a famous masterpiece.

works appreciation

The first paragraph of the article describes the grand occasion of the Lanting party and writes the deep affection of the participants. First point out the time, place and reason of the party, and then introduce the number and scope of participants. "A group of sages arrive, and a few grow salty." Then write about the beautiful environment around Lanting. Write in the distance first: "Mountains and rivers, Maolin xiuzhu"; Then write "clean flow and turbulence" near the low place; Then always write a note: "Play around". Simple language. Poetic and picturesque. Based on the description of the scenery, the poems on the stream are introduced, and it is pointed out that the content of the grand ceremony is "one poem and one chant", "talking about bosom friends" and "although it is not as prosperous as a string", which is a pen set off by the opposite side and expresses the pleasing feelings with additional pictures. Finally, it is pointed out that the day of the event coincides with the weather, and "Clear Sky Wan Li" provides favorable conditions for the following "looking up" and "looking down"; Hui Feng He Chang echoes with The Beginning of Late Spring. The beautiful scenery here and now enables "looking up", "overlooking", "enjoying the scenery" and "audio-visual entertainment" to get rid of secular troubles, enjoy the beauty of nature to the fullest and express their thoughts. At this point, the author summed up the feelings of the participants as "music". The brushwork is concise and neat, and there is no trace of axe chisel.

In the second paragraph of the article, I expounded my view on life, feeling that life is short and full of philosophy, and events are not frequent, followed by the word "le" mentioned earlier, which triggered various feelings. First of all, use the word "or" to comment on the two different concrete manifestations of "people are facing each other and throwing their lives" from the positive and negative comparison. One is "let's talk in one room, each taking what he needs", and the other is "leaving the wave because of entrustment". Then it is pointed out that although their performances are different, their mood is the same. That is, when they are happy with what they encounter, they will be "self-sufficient" but "I don't know that old age is coming." This feeling is aimed at the pleasure of the party in the text, full of audio-visual entertainment, focusing on joy and forgetting sadness. Then, the joy of "meeting happiness" leads to the worry that "feelings move with the times", writing happiness leads to worry, and exclaiming that "with the times, there will be an end". At this point, the article advances to the big question of life and death. Finally, Confucius' sentence "Death is great, life is great" is quoted to sum up the whole passage, and the "pain" in the author's heart is completely revealed.

The last paragraph explains the reason for the preface. Following the discussion on the feeling of "it's good to come back from the dead" in the above article, starting from personal experience, the article points out that every time I find that "the reason why the old people were excited at that time" is exactly the same as my own, I can't help but mourn, but I can't tell you why. Then he turned to criticize Laozi and Zhuangzi's views on "a person's life and death" and "Peng Qizhi's sadness", thinking that this is completely "fake birth" and "fake works". Scholars in the Eastern Jin Dynasty praised Laozi and Zhuangzi and liked empty talk. Zhuangzi thinks that all natural things are "born but not dead" (Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything), and puts Peng Zu, who lives a long life, on an equal footing with his children who died early, and thinks that "if you don't die, you will not die, and Peng Zu will die". The author can go against the trend of the times. It is commendable to boldly deny this idea of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and then the author made a further inference from the facts of ancient times: "Look at the present in the future and look at the past now." Based on this understanding, it just "lists the people and records their descriptions" for future generations to read. Although "things are different" in the future, "so I got pregnant. "Its consistency is also." This explains theoretically why the Preface to Lanting Collection was compiled. The last sentence explains the purpose of the preface, which aroused the feelings of future generations. The words are straightforward, but the feelings of development are endless.

This preface is concise, elegant and meaningful, which represents Wang Xizhi's prose style. And its words are exquisite and catchy. It is a masterpiece of ancient parallel prose. Preface to Lanting Collection has its own merits in several aspects of parallel prose. Syntactically, the antithesis is neat and the meaning of the sentence is juxtaposed, such as "a group of sages are all, and a few are long and salty" and "the temple is big." Look down on the prosperity of the category ","or talk arm in arm; Or because of entrustment, let the waves go beyond the skeleton. "antithesis is relative, the rhyme is harmonious, there is no trace of axe chisel, the language is fresh, simple and natural. The words that belong to the discussion part are also very simple and expressive, and only simple and memorable allusions such as "Peng Qi's sorrow" and "mending the wedge" are used in the allusions. This simple style of writing is in sharp contrast with the gaudy style of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

This article embodies Wang Xizhi's positive outlook on life, which is in sharp contrast with the inaction advocated by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi.

Evaluation by famous experts

Jin Shengtan's "Talented People in the World Must Read" Volume 9: "This article says that life and death are very heavy, and it has a good time to read it today, not to mention the clever and humorous words. It is really the first kind of love in ancient and modern times."

Li Zhaoluo's "Parallel Paper Money" Volume 21: "Elegant people are deeply impressed and play with it."

Wu Chucai and Wu Diaohou's View on China's Ancient Literature Volume 7: "The whole article focuses on the word' life and death'. Just for the literati at that time, it didn't work. When you die, you are born in the same place, with no economic outline. Therefore, I am happy to touch the scenery, and I am sick when I am sick. But I am lazy and broad-minded, so although I am sad and sighing, I have endless fun. "

Pu Qilong's Annotation of Ancient Chinese Eyebrows Volume 42: The preface is not only poetic, but also poetic. Shortening life and death is poetic at the moment, so I say so. Unique brushwork, superior to the selected style.

Yu Cheng's Interpretation of Newly Edited China Classical Poetry (Volume 7): Because of the joy of the banquet and the sadness of life and death, Lanting will wait for a while, but it is impossible to wait for the ordinary episode. On the same day, it was still a heart-to-heart; The intentions of those who confuse the imperial court are also fictitious. Lin said that people have read the articles of the ancients, but he didn't do it so carefully. This letter is true. Because of its noble sentiment and easy writing, it is even more difficult to describe.

Brief introduction of the author

Wang Xizhi (303-36 1), Han nationality, was born in Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong), and later moved to Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Because Wang Xizhi is right-handed, he is called "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". Wang Jianshan followed regular script and cursive script, wrote different forms, studied his body carefully, imitated his hand assiduously, learned from others' strengths, prepared his body, and melted into one furnace. He got rid of the style of writing in Han and Wei dynasties, became a family of his own, and had a far-reaching influence, creating a running script of "Nature is natural, and God is rich in the world". Representative works include: On Le Yi in Regular Script and Huang Tingjing. He was a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was honored as a "book saint" by later generations. Together with his son Wang Xianzhi, he is called "Two Kings".