Bozhou frog breeding technology and site construction

Bozhou Frog Breeding Technology:

(1) Seedling Breeding Technology:

① Selection of Breeding Frogs: Breeding frogs should be selected to be strong, without disabilities or diseases. For seed purposes, female frogs are usually larger than male frogs. When male frogs sing, the external vocal sacs on both sides of their necks will expand.

② Breeding of seed frogs: Breeding frogs are released from September to October, with a density of 10 to 12 per square meter, and a male to female ratio of 1:1. The seed frogs hibernate in the seed frog pond around the Qingming Festival of the next year. Start holding pairs to lay eggs.

③ Embrace and lay eggs: The frogs start to clasp freely when the average temperature reaches 16-20℃, and they will lay eggs in 3 to 4 days. The egg-laying time is usually between 5 and 6 in the morning. , 11 a.m. to 1 p.m.

④ Egg mass harvesting: The fertilized frog eggs are collected and put into the ring ditch of the sterilized breeding pond for hatching. The darker side of the egg mass is the animal pole and must be facing up. The whiter side For the plant pole, it must be facing downwards.

(2) Tadpole breeding technology:

① After hatching, the tadpoles are cultivated in the original hatching tank or cage, and 600 to 800 tadpoles are stocked per square meter of water surface, with the first 4 to 5 They generally do not eat anything during the day and mainly use their own yolk sac to provide nutrients. After the yolk sac disappears on the 4th day, artificial feeding begins.

② From the 5th day after hatching, tadpoles should be fed with soy milk, wheat bran, tofu residue, livestock nutrients or livestock nutrients such as rice bran and fish meal, and fed 1 to 2 times a day. The livestock nutrients should be placed on the bait table. The powdered bait is first mixed with water into a viscous form and then poured into the food.

③ After 20 to 30 days after hatching, tadpoles gradually feed on red worms, water fleas, and fly maggots. They can also feed on soy milk, bean dregs, soybean cake powder, and chlorella. Feeding a certain amount of fish meal can promote its growth.

④ If you find bubbles in the water or a rancid smell during tadpole breeding, change the water immediately. Generally, change it every 3 days. When the weather is dry for many days and the temperature is high, change it every 2 days. water.

⑤ About 70 days after hatching, tadpoles turn into young frogs. The first stage from the emergence of forelimbs to complete metamorphosis relies on the absorption of energy from the tail. When more than 90% of the tadpoles have turned into young frogs, they can be moved into the young frog. Frog pond breeding.

(3) Breeding technology of young frogs:

① Consolidated domestication: high-density breeding of young frogs at 100 to 150 per square meter, and reared in areas with smooth inner walls and a height of more than 1 meter In the cement pond, the water depth is about 20 cm. A bait platform is placed on the water surface. There is no land in the pond, forcing the young frogs to come to the platform to concentrate on feeding and habitat.

② Bait taming: The young frogs are first fed with fresh bait materials for 1 to 2 days. On the third day, 20% of artificial livestock nutrients are added to the bait, and then the proportion is increased day by day, and finally transitioned to Complete feeding of artificial bait requires timing, quantity, and positioning of feeding.

③ Feeding time: Feeding time for young frogs is around noon in spring and autumn, and in the evening or morning in summer. Feeding is done 1 to 2 times a day. The feeding amount for frogs weighing less than 50 grams accounts for 6 to 8% of the body weight. For fish weighing more than 100 grams, the amount of feed should account for 8 to 10% of the body weight.

④ Graded breeding: The pond water should be drained when the young frogs are domesticated for 20 to 30 days, and the large-sized frogs should be transferred to the adult frog pond at a density of 60-80 per square meter. The small-sized frogs should still be raised in the pond. Leaving the original pond for domestication and graded breeding will help improve the economic benefits of black-spotted frog breeding.

(4) Adult frog breeding technology:

① Feed supply: After the young frogs are transferred to the adult frog pond, they eat a lot of food and their growth rate accelerates, which is an important period for the formation of commercial production. , supplying sufficient bait is the most critical, mainly artificially cultivated live bait with high protein and high reproduction rate such as maggots, earthworms, and mealworms.

② Raising earthworms: When raising adult frogs, you can raise earthworms on the mound. As long as you sprinkle some lime water with a concentration of 3 to 5% on the mound every evening, the earthworms will They come out in full force to act as frog bait, and at the same time feed them an appropriate amount of compound feed.

③ Separation and marketing: Adult frogs should be separated and raised in time when raising, and the breeding density should be adjusted. After 1 month of raising, the breeding density will be 30 per square meter when the frog weight reaches 100 grams. After 2 months, the breeding density will be 30 per square meter. Change to 10 to 15 frogs per square meter, and then after short-term breeding, they will become commercial frogs on the market.

Precautions for site construction:

(1) Frog pond: The area of ??the frog pond is generally 4 to 10 square meters, the height of the pond is 0.8 meters, and the water depth in the pond is 0.1~ 0.15 meters, the water to land area ratio in the pool is 3:1, and there are stone caves for habitat. The bottom of the pool is paved with larger pebbles, and the humidity is maintained at 80%.

(2) Incubation pool: The area of ??the hatching pool is 1 square meter, the height of the pool is 0.5 meters, the water depth is 15 to 20 centimeters, the water quality is fresh, pH 6 to 8, and contains sufficient oxygen. It can also be used for long periods of time. A large oval basin instead.

(3) Tadpole pool: The tadpole pool area is 3 to 8 square meters, the pool height is 0.8 meters, the water depth is 3 to 10 centimeters, the pH is 6 to 7, and the water to land ratio is 2:1. It needs to be kept in shading and kept in each pool. A group of tadpoles of the same size is good.

(4) Baby frog pond: The baby frog pond covers an area of ??4 to 6 square meters, the height of the pond is 0.8 meters, the water depth is generally 10 to 15 centimeters, the water to land ratio is 2:1, and 3 to 5 centimeters of small tiles are laid in the pond. Stones, stone caves are built, and the water quality is good, with a pH value of 6 to 7.5.

Extension of knowledge about frogs:

Overview:

Frogs are amphibians belonging to the phylum Chordata, class Amphibians, order Anura, and family Rana. , the adult body is tailless, the eggs are laid in the water, fertilized outside the body, hatch into a tadpole, and use gills to breathe. After mutation, the adult body mainly breathes with the lungs and also uses the skin to breathe.

Most frogs reproduce through in vitro fertilization, and the fertilized eggs hatch into tadpoles outside the mother's body. Only 10 to 12 species of frogs in the world have evolved to undergo internal fertilization, and some will expel fertilized eggs from the body to hatch into tadpoles. But in zoology, frogs specifically refer to the black-spotted sidefold frog. Frogs have always been considered oviparous, but scientists have discovered that a frog that lives in the rainforest of Sulawesi, Indonesia, can lay tadpoles. This frog is the only one among more than 6,000 species of frogs in the world that can "lay tadpoles".

Frogs are slender and mostly good at swimming. The neck is inconspicuous and has no ribs. The ulna and radius of the forelimb are healed, and the tibia and fibula of the hindlimb are healed. Therefore, the claws cannot rotate flexibly, but the muscles of the limbs are well developed. The most primitive frogs began to evolve in the early Triassic. The earliest jumping frogs today appeared in the Jurassic. Because frogs feed on insects and other invertebrates, they must live near water. There are about 130 species of frogs in China, and almost all of them are experts at destroying pests in forests and farmland.

Morphological characteristics:

The frog body can be divided into 3 parts: head, trunk and limbs. Frogs have four toes on their front feet and five toes on their hind feet, as well as webbed feet. There are two slightly bulging little bumps on either side of the frog's head. Those are its eardrums through which the frog can hear. The frog's back is green, smooth, soft, and patterned, and its belly is white. You can hide it in the grass, making it easier to catch pests, and you can also protect yourself. Its skin also helps it breathe. Its air sac is only found in male frogs. Frogs hunt with their tongues, which are covered with mucus.

(1) Head

The frog's head is flat, slightly triangular, and the snout is slightly pointed. The mouth is wide, with transverse clefts, and is composed of upper and lower jaws. There is a pair of external nostrils at the front end of the dorsal side of the maxilla, and there is a nasal valve on the outer edge of the external nostrils. The eyes are large and protruding, located on the left and right sides of the head, with upper and lower eyelids; there is a semi-transparent nictitating membrane on the inside of the lower eyelid. How does the position of the eyeball change when the eyelids are closed? There is a round tympanic membrane behind each eye (the tympanic membrane of a toad is smaller. There is a pair of oval-shaped protrusions called postauricular glands, or venom glands, behind the eyes and the tympanic membrane). There is a light brown membrane fold in the back of the mouth corner of the male frog, which is the vocal sac, which bulges into a bubble shape when singing.

(2) Trunk part

Behind the tympanic membrane is the trunk part. The trunk of the frog is short and wide. There is a small hole on the dorsal side between the legs at the rear end of the trunk, which is the cloacal hole.

(3) Limbs

The forelimbs are short and consist of 5 parts: upper arm, forearm, wrist, palm, and fingers. 4 fingers, no webbing between fingers. During the reproductive season, there is an enlarged protrusion on the inside of the base of the first finger of a male frog, called a nuptial tumor, which is used for holding each other. The hind limbs are long and well-developed and divided into 5 parts: thigh, tibia, tarsus, metatarsal and toe. 5 toes, webbed between toes. There is a hard keratinized spur on the inner side of the first toe.

Habitat environment:

Because the skin is exposed, it cannot effectively prevent the evaporation of water in the body, so they cannot live without water or a humid environment throughout their lives, and are afraid of drought and cold. Therefore, most of them live in tropical and temperate rainy areas, and there are very few species distributed in cold zones.

When you are a child, you can only live in water, but when you grow up, you can live on land. Frogs use lungs to breathe, but they can also absorb oxygen from the air through their moist skin. The various pigment cells in its skin will also expand or contract with the humidity and temperature, resulting in changes in skin color. Frogs usually inhabit rice fields, ponds, ditches or grass along rivers, and sometimes lurk in the water, usually hunting at night.

Life habits:

Frogs often inhabit rivers, ponds, rice fields, etc. They mainly move in the grass near the water, and sometimes can lurk in the water. Most of them are active at night and feed on insects as their main food. They also eat some snails, snails, shrimps, small fish, etc. Most of the insects they eat are agricultural pests. Some people estimate that a frog can eat 70 bugs a day and eliminate 15,000 pests a year. Therefore, frogs are animals useful to agriculture and should be protected. When the weather gets cold in late autumn, frogs hibernate at the bottom of the water or in caves, and return to the water to breed when the weather gets warm the following spring. During the breeding period, many male frogs often gather in the same area and chirp loudly and continuously. This is the so-called "frog pit." In fact, this is a courtship behavior of male frogs, who sing to attract the opposite sex and form a mate. After pairing, the female frog begins to ovulate into the water, about 3,000-6,000 eggs each time; at the same time, the male frog discharges sperm into the water. Sperm and egg cells combine in water to form fertilized eggs, which develop into tadpoles after 4-5 days of incubation. Tadpoles must live in water, swim with their tails, breathe with their gills, and eat plant foods such as diatoms and green algae. After two months of development, the tadpole metamorphoses into a young frog. Its tail gradually disappears, its body length shortens, and it begins to live on land. Its food habits also begin to change to mainly animal food. It takes about three years from juvenile frog to sexual maturity.