History of Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province

Xuzhou has a long history. Its ancestors lived and worked here more than 6000 years ago. At the end of primitive society, Yao called Peng Zu a big country, and Xuzhou was called Pengcheng.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Pengcheng belonged to Song, and then to Chu. After the reunification of Qin Dynasty, Pengcheng County was established.

During the Chu-Han period, the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty was Pengcheng. Pengcheng County was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and Pengcheng Prefecture and Du Pengcheng were established in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao moved the secretariat of Xuzhou to Pengcheng, which was called Xuzhou from the beginning.

Each generation of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties set up Pengcheng State or Xuzhou, mostly in Pengcheng.

Xuzhou was established in the Sui Dynasty, and then Pengcheng was ruled by Pengcheng County.

In the early Tang Dynasty, the names of Xuzhou and Pengcheng County were exchanged many times, and Xuzhou was the resident of our province in the middle and late period.

In the Five Dynasties, there were Xuzhou in each dynasty, which ruled Pengcheng and led 7 counties.

Xuzhou was established in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and its subordination and jurisdiction changed frequently.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Xuzhou was once the capital of Zhili, and later it belonged to Nanjing.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Xuzhou was successively Zhili Prefecture, belonging to jiangnan province and Jiangsu Province. At the end of Yongzheng, it was promoted to Xuzhou Prefecture, which governed 1 state 7 counties.

In the early Republic of China, the government was abolished, and Xuzhou was subordinate to Guo Tongshan County. Later, Xu Haidao was established to govern Tongshan (Xuzhou).

During the Japanese-Puppet War, Xuzhou was located in Tongshan County and was once the capital of Puppet Huaihai Province. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the National Government still established Xuzhou, which was subordinate to Jiangsu Province.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xuzhou was retained, which was originally a city under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province and later transferred back to Jiangsu Province. At the same time, Xuzhou Special Zone is established in Xuzhou, which governs 1 1 counties and cities. Since then, Xuzhou City and Xuzhou Special Zone have coexisted, and the jurisdiction has changed in different periods. 1983, Jiangsu province implemented the system of city governing counties, withdrew from Xuzhou area, and placed six counties under its jurisdiction under Xuzhou city. Xuzhou now governs 5 districts and 6 counties (cities).

Xuzhou, known as Pengcheng in ancient times, has a splendid culture of 6000 years. Emperor Yao established Dapeng country. With a history of more than 2,500 years, it is the earliest city in Jiangsu. Yu Xia divided the whole country into Kyushu, and Xuzhou was one of them.

Xuzhou is a national historical and cultural city, the hometown of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Emperor Gaozu, with profound historical and cultural heritage. In particular, the cultural remains of the Han Dynasty are very rich, among which the tombs, figurines and stone reliefs of the Han Dynasty are also called "the three wonders of the Han Dynasty". Painted Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Han Dynasty are the third batch of important discoveries after Xianyang and Xi 'an Terracotta Warriors and Horses. In order to develop and utilize the resources of Han culture, Xuzhou Han Culture Research Association was established, and a series of important cultural relics, such as Beidongshan Han Tomb, Guishan Han Tomb, Bletilla Han Tomb, Lion Mountain Chu Tomb, Han Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum and Han Stone Relief Art Museum, were prepared and restored.

Xuzhou was also the hometown of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Bai Juyi in Tang Dynasty, Su Dongpo and Wen Tianxiang in Song Dynasty, Fang Xiaoru and Pan Jixun in Qing Dynasty, Li Keran, a master of contemporary Chinese painting, and Kyle, a famous musician, all worked or lived in Xuzhou.

Xuzhou has developed transportation and complete infrastructure, and is known as the thoroughfare of five provinces. It is the second largest railway hub in China, where Beijing-Shanghai and Longhai railway trunk lines meet. Domestic highways extend in all directions, including 5 national highways and 20 provincial highways. The Beijing-Shanghai and Huolian expressways under construction pass through Xuzhou. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal passes through the territory, and there are four inland ports along the coast.

Xuzhou is located in the southeast of North China Plain. Except for a few hills in the central and eastern regions, most of them are plains. The elevation of hilly land is generally around 00-200m, and the hilly area accounts for about 9.4% of the city. Hills and mountains are divided into two groups. One group is located in the city center, and the mountains are different in height. Dadong Mountain in central jiawang district is the highest peak in the city, with an altitude of 36 1 meter. The other group is located in the east of the urban area, with the highest point of Maling Mountain in the north of xinyi city, with an altitude of 122.9 meters. The general topography of the plain decreases from northwest to southeast, with an average slope of 1/7000- 1/8000. The plain accounts for about 90% of the total land area, and the altitude is generally between 30 and 50 meters.

Xuzhou is located in the lower reaches of Yi, Shu and Si, a tributary of the ancient Huaihe River, with the old course of the Yellow River as the watershed, with Yi, Shu and Si in the north and Sui and An in the south. Rivers crisscross, and lakes, swamps and reservoirs are all over the country. The abandoned Yellow River runs through the east and west, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the north and south, with Yishui, Shushu waters and Roman Lake in the east and Xia Xing, Dasha River and Weishan Lake in the west.

There are 2 large reservoirs, 5 medium reservoirs and 84 small reservoirs, with a total storage capacity of 336.5438 billion cubic meters. There are many water conservancy facilities such as bridges, culverts, canals and gates, and a water network system with multi-functions such as flood control, irrigation, shipping and aquatic products has been initially formed.

Xuzhou city belongs to the warm temperate monsoon climate zone, which is long and narrow from east to west and is influenced by the ocean to varying degrees. The east belongs to warm temperate humid monsoon climate, and the west belongs to warm temperate semi-humid climate, which is greatly influenced by southeast monsoon. The annual sunshine hours are 2284-2495 hours, the sunshine rate is 52%-57%, the annual temperature is 65438 04℃, the annual frost-free period is 200-220 days, the annual precipitation is 800-930 mm, and the rainy season precipitation accounts for 56% of the whole year. Excellent climatic resources are conducive to crop growth. The main meteorological disasters are drought, flood, wind, frost, freezing and hail. The climate is characterized by four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine, moderate rainfall and both rain and heat. Among the four seasons, spring and autumn are short, winter and summer are long, the weather in spring is changeable, summer is hot and rainy, autumn is crisp, and cold waves frequently strike in winter.

2. Historical celebrities related to Xuzhou

"Top Ten Historical Celebrities in Xuzhou" was announced (attached list)

Xuzhou recently selected the top ten historical celebrities. They are (in chronological order): Peng Zu (Yao Shun

), Xu Yanwang (Western Zhou Dynasty), Xiang Yu (Late Qin Dynasty), Liu Bang (Western Han Dynasty), Princess You Jie (Western Han Dynasty) and Zhang Dao.

Ling (Eastern Han Dynasty), Emperor Wu of Song (Southern Dynasties), Li Yu (Southern Tang Dynasty), (Qing Dynasty) and Li Keran (Modern Times).

Sponsored by the Propaganda Department of Xuzhou Municipal Committee and Xuzhou Newspaper Media Group, China Telecom Xuzhou Branch was named all the time.

China Telecom Tianyi 3G Cup "Top Ten in Xuzhou" co-organized by Zhangji Town Government of Tongshan County and Xuzhou Xunda Vehicle Co., Ltd.

Since the selection of "Great Historical Celebrities" was launched on August 3rd, it has been promoted by the media, selected by readers and studied by experts.

The author's repeated arguments fully consider the dynasty and role distribution, historical achievements and contributions of the selected celebrities.

, and finally determined the top ten historical celebrities in Xuzhou.

Related links

1 Peng Zu

Peng Zu, surnamed Qiang. Zhuan Xu's great-grandson, born in Xia Dynasty, was 767 years old at the end of Yin Dynasty (over 800 years old). material

See Biography of Immortals and Biography of Immortals. In the old society, Peng Zu was regarded as a symbol of longevity. According to "Chu Ci Tian Wen"

: "Peng Keng poured out what the emperor meant, and how long he lived." Wang Yi pointed out that Peng Zu made a contribution to Emperor Yao.

Appreciated by Emperor Yao, Dapeng (now Tongshan County) was named Peng Zu after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Peng Zu's main achievements

Yes: once the big Peng state was established, it was extended by the big Peng state and then began to write the Xuzhou (Pengcheng) calendar.

History (586 BC); The second is to create Chinese food culture and cook "wild chicken soup"; The third is to teach people to "manage"

"For the sake of health. Peng Zu's legacy is inexhaustible wealth for future generations.

2 Xu Yanwang

Xu Yanwang was born. The leader of Xu Rong in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Jurisdiction over today's Huaisi area. "The History of the Later Han Dynasty, Biography of Dongyi" said

: "The place is 500 Li", and his praise is "There are six countries in thirty". Once joined forces with Jiuyi to attack Zhou. Mu Wang because of his potential.

Big, admit that it is the overlord of the East. Later defeated by Chu. Between war and peace, I chose righteousness and avoided war. this matter

There are books such as bamboo annals, the later Han Dynasty, dead bodies, natural history and road history. natural history

"Pool" said: "Xu Jun's palace people laid eggs when they were pregnant, thinking that it was ominous and abandoned the waterfront. Lonely mothers have dogs and pale, hunting.

Waterfront, abandon eggs, and return to the title. Lonely mother felt different, covered it with warmth, and then hatched into a child. When you were born, you were dying, so

Thought it was a name. "After Xu Yanwang surpassed the position of" Bo "and called" Wang ",he was essentially separated from the King of Zhou (the son of heaven).

Polite. As a representative of "Xu Culture", Xu Yanwang deserves to be the founder of Xuzhou's civilization history.

Pioneer and leader.

3 Xiang Yu

Xiang Yu (232-202 BC) was the leader of the peasant uprising army in the late Qin Dynasty. Name, word feather. Ancestral home (now Jiangsu and Jiangsu)

Move). Chu will chase Xiang Yan. Be ambitious when you are young. In the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), from his uncle Xiang Liang.

Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) Uprising. After Xiang Liang's death, the general of Qin surrounded Zhao and was appointed as a general.

Feather is the second general, leading an army to rescue him. Yi Song can't stay in Anyang (now Henan). He killed Yi Song and led his army.

The battle of the giant deer crossed the water to save Zhao's main force. After Qin died, he became the overlord and sealed the vassal.

The king of Pengcheng, with its capital, added a lot of color to his hometown. He was defeated by Liu Bang in the Chu-Han War. Finally, from

Xiaxia (now Lingbi South, Anhui Province) broke through to Wujiang (now northeast of Anhui County) and committed suicide in Wujiang. People call Xiang Yu

A failed hero.

4 Liu bang

Liu Bang (256 BC or 247 BC-BC 195), Emperor Gaozu, reigned from 202 BC to BC 195. Word season, Pei county (

He is from Jiangsu. He used to be the curator of Surabaya Pavilion. In the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), he rose up and called Pei Gong, originally from Xiang Liang.

. Xiang Yu and Qin Jun fought a decisive battle in Julu, and led their troops into the customs. Xianyang was captured in the first 206 years and the rule of Qin Dynasty was overthrown.

The three chapters of the contract abolished harsh laws and were supported by the Qin people. In the same year, Xiang Yu entered the customs, sealed Bingji, and congratulated him

Was named Hanwang, occupying Bashu and Hanzhong. Soon, it started a five-year war with Xiang Yu. Qian 202

In 1620, he defeated the emperor Xiang Yu, established the Han Dynasty, and made Chang 'an his capital. During his reign, he inherited the Qin system and put it into practice.

Centralized system. Successively destroyed the princes with different surnames, and moved the old nobles and local strongmen of the six countries to Guanzhong to strengthen control.

; Implement the policy of emphasizing the foundation and restraining the end; Formulate the Nine Chapters of Han Law. These measures are conducive to social and economic recovery and neutralization.

Consolidation of centralization.

5 relieve anxiety

(former 120- former 49), that is, the granddaughter of Chu Wuwang Liu in the Western Han Dynasty. Jianyuan three years (former 138),

In order to deal with the Huns, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to contact the Yue family and Wusun in the Western Regions. Wusun is located on the right side of Xiongnu, with1.8000 cavalry.

. In junior high school (former 104- former1kloc-0/), the Han Dynasty "treated Wusun of Chu as a princess to relieve her worries" and married Wusun Wang. The king is dead, from Ukraine.

Sun Su married the fat king, and later married the mad king. Xiongnu sent troops to beg Wu Sun. Ask for Korean support. Korea sent 65438+500,000 troops, five

On the way out, Wu attacked both sides and won a great victory. Wusun showed signs of falling to the Huns, and he wanted to express his worries at the same time.

Soldiers 1.5 million arrived in Dunhuang, ready to attack; On the other hand, waiter Feng Heng was sent to hold the Han Festival as his special envoy to reward him.

In the Western Regions, the new King Wusun was persuaded to surrender to Han. Later, the melancholy son followed Wu Sun to the throne, "all thoughts are hopeless."

"。 At the age of 70, he returned to Beijing with Wu Sun and died two years later.

6 Zhang Daoling

Zhang Daoling (34- 156), formerly known as Zhang Ling, is also known as Shitiandao because of its "five gates of rice".

",so it is also called" Zhang Tianshi ". During the Han Dynasty, he was born in Fengyi (now Fengxian County, Xuzhou) and was known as a hero in the early Han Dynasty.

Descendants of Sean. Zhang Daoling teenagers were familiar with Laozi and Hutuluo, and then went to imperial academy to study the Five Classics of Confucianism.

As a "Dezong", Dong Hanming was appointed as the Jiangzhou Order of Ba County. Because of the ups and downs of official career, it is useless to live a long life.

Richard, he resigned from his post and lived in seclusion in Luoyang North Mangshan, living a poor life. The imperial court recruited several times and refused. Shun Di Shi (125

(144) Take disciples to Shu, and live in the mountains for monasticism. Exquisite alchemy, 24 books, claiming to be "three"

Master Tian is a real person, who founded "Five Daomi", which is the real source of Taoism. After Zhang Daoling's "The Day Rises"

His children and grandchildren have been handed down from generation to generation, and Taoist leaders are all referred to as "Shi Tian". Afang Village in Fengxian County is the hometown of Zhang Daoling, and

The ancient stone tablet recorded its events.

7 emperor Wu of song

Emperor Wu of Song (363-422), namely Song Wudi. Founder of the Southern Song Dynasty. He reigned in 420-422 AD. Zideyu

, the fine print sent slaves, Pengcheng people, moved to Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). Poverty since childhood, and later became a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the northern government soldiers.

Collar. In the third year of Yuan Xing (AD 404), he defeated Huan Xuan and seized the Eastern Jin regime. Official to Guo Xiang, sealing the king of Song. Yuan dynasty (1206- 1368)

In the second year of Xi (420), Jin proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Song. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty held the relieving power, Emperor Wu of Song conducted it twice.

Northern Expedition, in order to recover lost territory and unify China. Ji Gong, Emperor Wu of Song was named King of Jin and King of Song. In 420, Zen was founded in Jin.

Song, for.

8 Li Yu

Li Yu (937—978) was born in Xuzhou. He is the grandson of Li Sheng, a martyr in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the son of Li Jing, the king of China. plum

Tang Xianzong Li Chun's sixth son, Li Ke, is the son of the family. Li Yu's great-grandfather Li Zhi was a judge in Xuzhou, so he settled in Xu.

State. As a prince, Li Yu grew up in the palace. He doesn't know the difficulty of starting a business and keeping it. He only likes painting and calligraphy.

When he succeeded to the throne in 19961,Nantang was already under strong military pressure from Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin. The Song Dynasty perished in 975.

In the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu and his little Zhou Empress were captured and released to Bianjing, where they began their life as prisoners. Three years later, "Chinese Valentine's Day"

In the evening, Li Yu was poisoned by Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi with "morning medicine". It was in this prisoner's life that Li Yu experienced.

The great change from "people are superior" to "prisoners" is the poetry that makes Li Yu's ci rise to the top of the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Peak achievement. Li Yu's ci style has a far-reaching and extensive influence, which is sad and touching and difficult to surpass.

9 Li Pan

Li Pan (1656— 1728), also known as Li Xian, was named Lacey. It is the only place in Xuzhou history to take the imperial examination.

There is a champion. Young, smart and talented. In the 29th year of Kangxi (1690), he was an elector.

Thirty-six years (1679), a scholar. The paper "Countermeasures of the Imperial Court" is magnificent. content

He has unique views on governing the country, including military and political affairs, official administration, river defense, peace affairs, etc. Emperor Kangxi was appointed as a (

Scholar), awarded the official Hanlin Academy, entered the National History Museum, and wrote History of Qing Dynasty, which was the "first person in China".

Fame. In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi (1699), Li Pan was the examiner after having obtained the provincial examination in Shuntianfu. Rural exam fraud case

He was exiled to Shenyang. Three years later, he was given a hometown to write poems. Since then, I have never been an official. Li Pan's articles and pen and ink are very good.

Famous and respected at that time, he left "Accidental Collection" and "Genting Collection".

10 Li Keran

Li Keran (1907— 1989) was originally named Li Yongshun. Shi Niu Tang is from Xuzhou. Art educators in middle schools

China master of landscape painting. 13 years old, studied painting under Xiang Xianxian's former Zhi Zhi, and then entered Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts and Hangzhou.

Study in the Art College and join the 18th Art Club. Engaged in the propaganda work of resisting Japan and saving the nation during the Anti-Japanese War. Learn from Qi Baishi

Huang has taught in Xuzhou Art College, Xuzhou Public Education Museum, Chongqing National Art College and Beiping National Art College.

. He has been teaching at the Central Academy of Fine Arts for a long time. He used to be the vice chairman of China Artists Association and the president of Chinese Painting Research Institute.

Post it. There are "Li Keran Painting Collection" and so on. He is good at landscapes, rewrites his life, and draws lessons from the shading of western paintings to create a black landscape painting.

Full, thick and bright new painting style has promoted the evolution and sublimation of China traditional painting.