What are the hazards of air pollution?

Question 1: What are the hazards of air pollution? ① Harm to human health. There are three ways for human body to suffer, that is, inhaling polluted air, skin contact with polluted air, and eating food containing atmospheric pollutants, which will not only cause respiratory and lung diseases, but also harm cardiovascular system and liver, and even seriously endanger people's lives. ② Harm to living things. Animals get sick or die from inhaling polluted air or eating food containing pollutants. Air pollutants will reduce the disease resistance of plants, affect their growth and development, and cause leaf spot or wither and die. ③ Damage to articles. Such as textiles and clothing, leather, metal products, building materials, cultural works of art, etc. , causing chemical damage and pollution damage. ④ Causing acid rain, which has adverse effects on agriculture, forestry and freshwater aquaculture. ⑤ Destroy the upper ozone layer and form an ozone hole, which is harmful to the living environment of human beings and organisms. ⑥ It has an impact on the global climate. For example, the increase of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide will lead to the warming of the earth's atmosphere and the increase of global weather disasters. For example, the increase of aerosol particles such as smoke and dust will increase atmospheric turbidity, weaken solar radiation, affect the long-wave radiation of the earth, and may lead to abnormal weather and climate.

Question 2: What harm does air pollution do to people? Air pollution is very harmful to human health.

First, it will cause acute poisoning. If the concentration of floating dust and sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere suddenly rises, many times higher than usual, people will feel chest tightness, cough, sore throat, dyspnea and fever. Especially in the later stage of dense fog, the mortality rate rose sharply. Among them, bronchitis has the highest mortality rate, followed by pneumonia.

Second, it will induce diseases or cause chronic poisoning. A large number of research data believe that some chronic respiratory diseases or aggravations are closely related to air pollution. Low concentrations of pollutants can also cause bronchoconstriction, increase respiratory resistance and weaken respiratory function. At the same time, it will increase the secretion of respiratory mucosa and hinder the ciliary movement, which will lead to the weakening of respiratory resistance and induce various respiratory diseases.

Thirdly, it does great harm to the health of women and children. Women bear the burden of human reproduction and have special physiological characteristics. If exposed to harmful toxins in the environment, it will not only endanger women's own health, but also affect the physical development and healthy growth of the second generation through pregnancy and breastfeeding. Children are in the stage of growth and development, and their sensitivity to harmful substances in the environment is much higher than that of adults, and their harm degree and long-term impact are far-reaching.

Fourth, it is carcinogenic to human body. More than 200 carcinogens have been found in the atmosphere. Because the carcinogens in the breathing atmosphere invade the lungs through the respiratory tract in occupational contact, they fall into water or food from the atmosphere, causing more extensive pollution. According to calculation, the number of people who die of lung cancer every year in the world exceeds one million.

Fifth, it has a great effect on human body. Sulfides, nitrogen oxides, chlorine and photochemical smog in the atmosphere have a strong * * effect on the mucous membranes of eyes, nose and throat, and the increase of dust in the atmosphere will also * * * conjunctiva.

It can be seen that air pollution is very harmful to human body. We must protect the environment, reduce air pollution and let people live in fresh air, so that their health will be healthier and healthier.

Question 3: What are the hazards of air pollution? The increase of carbon dioxide content will aggravate the greenhouse effect;

The increase of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will cause acid rain;

The upper ozone layer is a protective layer, while the lower ozone layer is a pollutant. The increase of ozone content in the lower ozone layer will cause photochemical smog and endanger forests, crops and buildings. And ozone can directly cause human disorder and poisoning.

The increase of carbon monoxide content will cause poisoning;

Excessive inhalable particles may cause chronic bronchitis, pneumoconiosis, silicosis, lung cancer and other diseases.

Question 4: Harm of air pollution to health What air pollution directly or indirectly affects human health, causing uncomfortable reactions of sensory and physiological functions, subclinical and pathological changes, clinical signs or potential genetic effects, acute and chronic poisoning or death, etc.

Adults breathe about 10 ~ 12 cubic meters of air every day, and harmful chemicals in the atmosphere generally enter the human body through the respiratory tract. There are also a few harmful chemicals entering the human body through the digestive tract or skin. The impact of air pollution on health depends on the type, nature, concentration and duration of harmful substances in the atmosphere, and also depends on the sensitivity of human body. For example, the harmful effect of floating dust on human body depends on the particle size, hardness, solubility and chemical composition of floating dust, as well as various harmful gases and microorganisms adsorbed on the surface of dust particles. Different chemical properties, toxicity and water solubility of harmful gases will also cause different degrees of harm. In addition, the structure of each part of the respiratory tract is different, and the retention and absorption of poisons are also different. Generally speaking, the deeper the entry, the larger the area, the longer the residence time and the greater the absorption. Adult alveoli have a total area of about 55 ~ 70 square meters and are covered with capillaries. Poison can be quickly absorbed by alveoli and sent to the whole body through blood, and it can work without the transformation of liver, so it is most harmful for poison to enter the body from respiratory tract.

Harmful chemicals (such as sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid fog, chlorine, ozone, smoke and dust, etc.) are directly inhaled into the respiratory tract, which will cause bronchial reflex contraction, spasm, cough, sneezing and increased airway resistance. Under the chronic action of poisons, the resistance of respiratory tract will gradually weaken, thus inducing chronic respiratory diseases, and even serious pulmonary edema and pulmonary heart disease may occur. Epidemiological survey data show that urban air pollution is the direct cause or inducement of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and bronchial asthma. In areas with serious air pollution, the total mortality and incidence of respiratory diseases are higher than those in areas with light pollution. The symptoms of chronic bronchitis get worse with the aggravation of air pollution.

There are also potentially harmful chemicals in the air around cities, especially some factories, such as cadmium, beryllium, antimony, lead, nickel, manganese, mercury, arsenic, fluoride, asbestos and organochlorine pesticides. Although their concentration is very low, they can gradually accumulate in the body. These toxic pollutants in the atmosphere can also land on crops, water bodies and soil, and then be absorbed by crops and enriched in vegetables, fruits and grains, and can also accumulate in the human body through food and drinking water, leading to chronic poisoning. The harm of these substances to the body is not obvious in the short term. Long-term accumulation will also affect the nervous system, visceral function, reproduction and heredity.

Another pollutant harmful to human health in the atmosphere is radioactive substances, which mainly come from nuclear explosion products. Some tiny radioactive dust can be suspended in the atmosphere for many years. The mining and processing of radioactive minerals and the production and application of radioactive substances will also cause air pollution. The atmospheric pollution is mainly caused by radioactive elements with long half-lives, such as fission products of uranium, among which 90 strontium and 137 cesium are very important. Radioactive elements have external irradiation effect on the body in vitro; When it enters the body through the respiratory tract, it has an internal irradiation effect. The concentration of radioactive substances in the lungs is usually higher than that in other organs, so lung tissue is generally strongly irradiated. Lung macrophages can form radioactive sources with high ionization density after swallowing radioactive particles. Radioactive substances entering the lungs can spread throughout the body very quickly. Except in nuclear explosion areas, radioactive substances in the atmosphere generally do not cause acute radiation sickness, but low-dose external irradiation or long-term internal irradiation beyond the allowable range can also cause chronic radiation sickness or chronic skin damage. The more important effects of radioactive substances in the atmosphere on the human body are long-term effects, including cancer, infertility, genetic changes or premature death.

Biological pollutants in the atmosphere are air allergens, mainly including pollen and some mold spores. These airborne substances can cause allergic reactions in individuals. Air allergens can induce rhinitis, asthma and allergic lung diseases. The other is pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic microorganisms with weak resistance are easy to die in sunlight and dry conditions, and the number is very small in the general air. Pathogenic microorganisms with strong resistance, such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, carbuncle, pyogenic cocci, etc., can attach to dust particles and pollute the atmosphere.

Question 5: What are the hazards of air pollution? How to prevent air pollution 1, air pollution hazards: air pollution and its hazards refer to the harmful gases and smoke discharged into the air that pollute the air with the development of industry. Polluted air will seriously damage human health, affect crop growth and destroy ecological balance. In addition, global warming, ozone layer destruction and acid rain are also related to air pollution.

2, to prevent air pollution:

Strengthen air quality monitoring, improve environmental conditions, use clean energy, and actively plant trees, afforestation and grass.

I hope I can help you adopt. Thank you. Come on ~

Question 6: What are the hazards of air pollution? And carbon monoxide. These pollutants mainly enter the human body through the respiratory tract, and are directly transported from the blood to the whole body without detoxification of the liver. This kind of harm can be divided into three types: chronic poisoning, acute poisoning and carcinogenesis. The concentration of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere of chronic poisoning is generally low, which mainly produces chronic toxic effects on human body. Scientific research shows that chemical pollution in urban air is an important cause of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and bronchial asthma. Acute Poisoning When the factory emits a lot of harmful gases and there is no wind and fog, the chemical pollutants in the atmosphere are not easy to disperse, which will cause acute poisoning. Carcinogenesis Among the chemical pollutants in the atmosphere, there are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as 3,4-benzopyrene) and lead-containing compounds, among which 3,4-benzopyrene has the strongest effect on lung cancer. The smoke produced by burning coal, cars and cigarettes contains a lot of 3,4-benzopyrene. Chemical pollutants in the atmosphere can also fall into water, soil and crops, and be absorbed and enriched by crops, thus endangering human health. Air pollution also includes biological pollution and radioactive pollution. Biological pollutants in the atmosphere mainly include pathogenic bacteria, mold spores and pollen. Pathogens can make people suffer from infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, and mold spores and pollen can cause allergic reactions in some people. Radioactive pollutants in the atmosphere can easily cause skin cancer and leukemia.