The weather in tianhai

Twinkling stars, the sky is full of small stars, so the problem is coming. Please answer quickly. Besides the moon, which star can you see? Mercury? Venus? Mars? Jupiter?

As we all know, we live on the third largest planet in the solar system, so what? What are other planetary partners like? By the way, maybe we can call it water, gold, wood, earth and sea.

In order to save my stupid friend, let's have a small file of planets of the solar system on August 18.

mercury

Mercury is very close to the sun, and it only takes 88 earth days to make a revolution. So the ancients named mercury after the scud god mercury.

Mercury is slightly larger than one-third of the earth's diameter, and its atmosphere is negligibly thin, and its surface is covered with craters.

Mercury small file:

The average distance to the sun is 0.387 astronomical unit (5.79 107 km).

The orbital period is 0.24 1 year (88.0 days).

The rotation period (based on the star) is 58.6 days.

Rotation period (based on the sun) 175.9 days.

The equatorial diameter is 4.88 103km (0.383 times the diameter of the earth).

The mass is 3.30/kloc-0.023kg (0.055 3 times the mass of the earth).

The average density is 5.43g/cm3 (uncompressed density is 5.0g/cm3).

The surface gravity is 0.38 times that of the earth.

Surface temperature-170~430

Venus

The name Venus comes from freyja (Venus) in Roman mythology, probably because this planet often shines beautifully in the evening or dawn sky. In contrast, the ancient Mayans regarded Venus as a Kukulkan and sacrificed the living at dawn.

Venus is only 5% smaller than the earth, but its atmosphere is always covered with clouds, and the surface temperature is enough to melt lead. Venus has a metal core about the size of the earth. It has a dense and cloudy atmosphere, so we cannot directly observe its surface. Seen from the telescope on the earth, Venus is a white sphere without any features.

Radio band radiation can penetrate clouds, and radar images on the surface of Venus show craters, volcanoes and solidified lava flows.

Venus small file:

The average distance to the sun is 0.723 astronomical unit (1.08 108km).

The orbital period is 0.6 152 (224.7 days).

The rotation period (based on the star) is 243.0 days.

The rotation period (based on the sun) is 1 16.8 days.

The equatorial diameter is1.21.104 km (0.949 times the diameter of the earth).

The mass is 4.871024kg (0.8 15 times the mass of the earth).

The average density is 5.24 g/cm3 (uncompressed density is 3.9 g/cm3).

The surface gravity is 0.90 times that of the earth.

Surface temperature 470

earth

Earth in modern English comes from the old English word "eorthe", which can be traced back to the root of Indo-European language family, meaning "earth" or "mud". The word Terra comes from the goddess in charge of reproduction and production in Roman mythology and forms part of the word TerraMater.

The earth is actually a water polo. Its surface is generally covered by liquid water, and it has a polar ice sheet of solid water. The atmosphere is rich in clouds composed of water vapor and water droplets.

There are high continents and low seabed on the surface of the earth. The crust thickness is only 1060km, and there are thick mantle, liquid outer core and solid inner core in turn.

Earth small file:

The average distance to the sun is 1.00 astronomical unit (1.50 108 km).

The average orbital speed is 29.8 km/s.

The orbital period is 1.0000 years (365.26 days).

Rotation period (solar day) 24.00 hours (based on the sun)

The rotation period (sidereal day) is 23.93 hours (reference star).

Equatorial diameter 1.28 104km.

Mass 5.971024kg

The average density is 5.5 1g/cm3 (uncompressed density is 3.96g/cm3).

The surface gravity is 1.00 times that of the earth.

Surface temperature–90 ~ 60℃

launch

Mars gets its name from Mars. Minerva is the goddess of defensive war, but Bulfinch called Mars "a savage love of violence and bloodshed" in mythology. Because the Martian soil contains iron oxide, from the earth's point of view, Mars will emit red and orange light, which reminds many civilizations in history of blood.

Mars is slightly larger than half the diameter of the earth. It has a thin atmosphere and a rocky, bumpy shell with traces of volcanic and hydraulic erosion. It may still have some internal heat, but the size and composition of its core have not been studied clearly.

Small files of Mars:

The average distance to the sun is 1.52 astronomical unit (2.28 108km).

The orbital period is 1.88 1 year (687.0 days).

The rotation period (based on the star) is 24.62 hours.

The equatorial diameter is 6.79 103km (0.533 times the diameter of the earth).

The mass is 6.42 1023kg (0. 107 times the mass of the earth).

The average density is 3.93 g/cm3 (uncompressed density is 3.3 g/cm3).

The surface gravity is 0.38 times that of the earth.

Surface temperature-140~ 15

Jupiter

Jupiter, named after Jupiter, the king of gods in Roman mythology (Zeus in Greek mythology), is the largest planet in the solar system. It is very bright in the night sky, even with a small telescope, you can see its cloud belt and four Galileo satellites, and even use high-quality binoculars on a tripod.

Jupiter is almost liquid inside. It may have a heavy element core no bigger than the earth.

Jupiter small file:

The average distance to the sun is 5.20 astronomical units (7.79 108km).

The orbital period is 1 1.9 years.

The rotation period is 9.92 hours.

The equatorial diameter is1.43105 km (11.2 times the diameter of the earth).

Mass1.901027kg (3 18 times the mass of the earth)

The average density is1.33g/cm3.

The surface gravity is 2.5 times that of the earth.

Surface temperature-128

Saturn

Cronus in Greek mythology was forced to flee after his son Zeus seized power. Cronus fled to Italy, where he was called Sadun, the patron saint of agriculture. On the winter solstice, the Romans celebrated Saturnalia and praised him for a week. Early Christians used this festival to celebrate Christmas.

Saturn is similar to Jupiter in composition, diameter and internal structure, although its mass is less than one third of Jupiter's.

Saturn archives:

The average distance to the sun is 9.58 astronomical units (1.43 109 km).

The orbital period is 29.5 years.

The rotation period is 10.57 hours.

The equatorial diameter is1.21.105 km (9.45 times the diameter of the earth).

The mass is 5.68 1026 kg (95.2 times the mass of the earth).

The average density is 0.69 g/cm3.

The surface gravity is 1. 1 times that of the earth.

Surface temperature-178

Uranus

Uranus was discovered by German scientist William Herschel in 178 1. He lived and worked in Britain for most of his life. He named the new planet Georgium Sidus, which means "Star of George" in Latin, and George here refers to King George III of England. Astronomers in continental Europe, especially in France, refused to accept the act of naming planets after British kings. In response, they called the planet Herschel. Many years later, the German astronomer John Bode suggested that the planet be named Uranus, which was named after the oldest Greek god Uranus.

Uranus rotates on its back. When Voyager 2 flew over it at 1986, its south pole was almost facing the sun.

Uranus small file:

The average distance to the sun is 19.2 astronomical units (2.88 109 km).

The orbital period is 84.0 years.

The rotation period is 17.23 hours.

The equatorial diameter is 5.11.104 km (4.01times the diameter of the earth).

Mass 8.68 1025 kg (14.5 times the mass of the earth)

The average density is1.27g/cm3.

The surface gravity is 0.9 times that of the earth.

Surface temperature -2 18

Neptune

An English astronomer and a French astronomer independently calculated the existence and position of Neptune according to the gravitational disturbance in the movement of Uranus. The British observer was too slow to respond to this message; Neptune was discovered in 1846, and French astronomers were lucky enough to discover it. Because it looks blue, astronomers named it Neptune.

When the Hubble Space Telescope took this picture, Neptune was slightly off the sun. Its internal structure is very similar to Uranus, but Neptune gives off more heat.

Overview of Neptune:

The average distance to the sun is 30. 1 astronomical unit (4.50 109 km).

The orbital period is 164.8 years.

The rotation period is 16. 1 1 hour.

The equatorial diameter is 4.95 104km (3.88 times the diameter of the earth).

Mass1.021026kg (17. 1 times the mass of the earth)

The average density is1.64g/cm3.

The surface gravity is 1. 1 times that of the earth.

Surface temperature -2 18

moon

As a satellite of the earth, the moon is also a unique existence.

Man's superstition about the moon is very common. The English words "lunatic" and "lunacy" both come from the word "luna" (meaning the moon). People who are addicted to fantasy (literally, people who have been hit by the moon) are considered a bit odd. Because the moon affects ocean tides, many superstitions associate the moon with water, weather and women's physiological cycle. According to legend, moonlight is considered harmful to the fetus, but on the bright side, moonlight ceremony is said to remove warts.

The moon is only a quarter of the diameter of the earth. It has no atmosphere and its surface is covered with craters. Its low density indicates that the moon does not contain iron. Even if the moon has a nucleus, the size of the nucleus and how much residual heat it has are still unknown.

The moon's little file:

The average distance to the earth is 3.84 105km (from center to center).

Orbital period (star) is 27.3 days.

The rendezvous period (stage period) is 29.5 days.

The equatorial diameter is 3.48 103km (0.273 times the diameter of the earth).

The mass is 7.35 1022kg (0.0 123 times the mass of the earth).

The average density is 3.35g/cm3 (uncompressed density is 3.27g/cm3).

The surface gravity is 0. 17 times that of the earth.

Surface temperature-170~ 130