What is autonomous driving? You can see the difference between autopilot L0 and autopilot L5 in three minutes. ...

With the rapid development and popularization of new energy vehicles, I believe that apart from subsidies for electric vehicles, green cards and batteries, we are most impressed by autonomous driving. Both the new forces of new energy vehicles and traditional fuel vehicle manufacturers have joined the field of autonomous driving and started competition.

I've heard a lot, but in the face of autopilot L2.0 and autopilot L3.0 promoted by major manufacturers or the media, I think many people are still confused and at a loss. Today, we will interpret the current hot word autopilot and the classification of autopilot under popular science. It only takes three minutes to turn you into a technical expert in front of your friends.

At present, two classification systems recognized by the global automobile industry are proposed by expressway Security Bureau (NHTSA) and International Society of Automata Engineers (SAE) respectively. Only the classification of SAE proposed later is more detailed, so now everyone recognizes the classification standard of SAE self-driving cars. SAE classifies autonomous driving technology into six grades: L0~L5***.

First of all, we need to understand the composition of autonomous driving. Simply put, it is autonomous driving = environmental awareness+path planning+autonomous control. It is not difficult to see from the components of the structure that the realization of each part requires powerful hardware and complex software algorithms. But it doesn't mean that it is not in one step, but iterative step by step, so there is the theory of automatic driving classification. Strictly speaking, L4 can only be called advanced driving assistance before, but now it is defined as automatic driving L0~L5 for the sake of good division.

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L0 is completely manual driving, completely operated by the driver, including braking, steering, throttle and power transmission. It is necessary for the driver to judge the danger. Cars are only responsible for warning of danger when necessary. Basically all cars can do this level of function. For example, the reversing radar in the car now has the function of L0 level.

L 1

L 1 assisted driving, compared with L0, this car can give the driver some support, because the car is equipped with sensors to observe the environment, which can realize the control of single function of speed or direction, but it is mainly driven by people, who take full responsibility. By sensing the distance between the radar and the preceding vehicle, the throttle braking can be controlled independently, such as adaptive cruise, lane keeping assistance, braking and so on. These functions all belong to the category of L 1 autopilot.

L2

L2 level is semi-automatic driving. During driving, the system can not only control acceleration and deceleration, but also control the steering wheel. This multiple control is L2. The car is equipped with a variety of sensors, which have the ability of environmental observation and driving operation, and can help people realize simultaneous control of speed and direction, such as automatic parking function. The driver can give up the main control, but he still needs to observe the surrounding situation and provide safe operation, but in an emergency, someone needs to take over the driving quickly.

L2 autopilot is a hot topic recently. This level of autonomous driving is the most chaotic. It is not human nature that people's hands and eyes can be liberated intermittently, which requires the brain to concentrate, leading to many accidents. Tesla, which has done well in the L2 field, claims to be able to achieve L2.5 autopilot.

L3

L3 still belongs to conditional autopilot. In some environmental conditions, the driver can completely give up the operation and let the automatic driving system control it. The system can complete almost all driving operations independently, but when the system prompts for help, the driver still needs occasional help to cope with the possible situation that artificial intelligence can't cope with.

Human drivers can no longer pay attention to the driving environment and watch videos all the time, but they still have to sit in the driving position to ensure that they can respond to the request made by the car within a few seconds. The leap from L2 to L3 is huge, which means whether the driver can really let go, which will bring great challenges to the stability of the autopilot system and is also the focus of public relations in the development of the autopilot system.

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L4 is highly autonomous. Just enter the starting point and destination before departure, and then the vehicle can be completely handed over to the automatic driving system. This layered system controls the vehicle completely automatically, detects the traffic environment all the way, and can achieve all driving goals without the occupant controlling the vehicle. However, this level of autonomous driving is suitable for some scenes, usually in cities or expressway, but the driver's seat is still reserved, so that after the vehicle stops safely under extreme conditions (such as extreme weather and extremely complicated road conditions), the human driver can take over the next disposal.

L5

L5 is truly self-driving, and it is unmanned. Without the driver, remove the steering wheel and the driver's seat. Users only need to provide the destination or input navigation information, and can drive the vehicle completely in any scene without controlling the vehicle at any time. The appearance of the car will also undergo a qualitative change. There is no steering wheel, no brakes, no throttle, and the space is completely reserved for passengers.

We have finished talking about autopilot L0 to L5 one by one. I believe you have some knowledge and understanding of autopilot in your mind now. In fact, L5 still has a long way to go. At present, major manufacturers and scientific research companies can reach between L2.0 and L3.0 in the automatic driving of production vehicles, which is the most popular intelligent driving assistance L2.5 at present. Tesla is the benchmark in this regard. It has a large number of real road driving data and enjoys the best reputation in intelligent assisted driving experience. There is no doubt that autonomous driving technology will become a competitive field for major automobile manufacturers, and its upgrading speed is also accelerating.

The rapid progress of autonomous driving makes cars more and more intelligent, and our sense of participation in use is getting lower and lower! This is undoubtedly bad news for fans who pay attention to the fun of control, and it is unknown whether we need to take a driver's license in the future.

This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.