Climatic distribution law and characteristics of tropical rain forest

Tropical rain forest climate, also known as equatorial rainy climate, is mainly distributed on both sides of the equator (near the equator) 10 latitude. It is hot and rainy all year round. The annual variation of solar radiation is small, because the sun passes through the zenith twice before and after the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox in a year, the annual variation of meteorological elements has double peaks.

Tropical rain forest climate is distributed all over the world. The tropical rain forest climate is distributed near the equator. Specifically. It is mainly distributed in Amazon River Basin in South America, East Central America, Congo River Basin in Africa, North Bank of Gulf of Guinea, East Madagascar, South Malay Peninsula, South Philippine Islands, Irian Island in Indonesia, Sumatra Island in Oceania to New Guinea and Northeast Australia.

The climatic characteristics of tropical rain forest are hot and rainy all year round. The annual variation of solar radiation is small, because the sun passes through the zenith twice before and after the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox in a year, the annual variation of meteorological elements has double peaks. The average monthly temperature varies between 24-28℃ in a year, and the annual temperature difference generally does not exceed 5℃, especially in the ocean, which usually does not exceed 65438 0℃. The daily variation of temperature is greater than the annual variation, and the daily amplitude can reach 10- 15℃. However, the daily maximum temperature rarely exceeds 35℃, and the daily minimum temperature rarely falls below 20℃. The humidity is high all year round. As far as the lower reaches of the Amazon River are concerned, the annual average relative humidity exceeds 90%.

There is abundant precipitation, mostly accompanied by thunderstorms. The annual precipitation reaches 1500-3000mm, and the maximum is over 6000mm in mountainous areas. For example, the annual precipitation in Debenga at the foot of Cameroon volcano in Africa reaches 9470 mm. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is relatively uniform, but there are still obvious differences in individual areas. For example, the Congo River basin in Africa is more continental than the tropical rain forests in Asia and South America, and there is less rainfall in some places, such as Libreville, Gabon, where the monthly rainfall is 200-300 mm in June-May, but only 5 mm in June-July.

In addition, there will also be dry and rainless areas in the ocean, such as Modeng Island in the Pacific Ocean (latitude 4 south and longitude 155 west), with an annual precipitation of only 730 mm. In the alpine region with tropical rain forest climate, the temperature is low, but its annual change is still very small. These areas, from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, can have tropical rain forests or a year-round snow-covered climate, showing a variety of natural landscapes similar to those from the equator to the polar regions, with the most colorful vertical distribution. There are two seasons: drought and rain.

The weather is very monotonous. Controlled by the equatorial ocean air mass all the year round, the wind is weak and the seasonal phase remains unchanged. It's basically sultry and sunny every morning, and then the cumulus clouds accumulate thicker and thicker. It rained cats and dogs in the afternoon, and it was a little cold after the rain, and it was the same the next day.

Climatic characteristics of tropical rain forests In the areas where tropical rain forests are distributed, the annual rainfall is very large, usually higher than 1800 mm, reaching 3500 mm in some places ... The annual rainfall is evenly distributed and humid all the year round, and the relative humidity of the air is above 95%. The average annual precipitation exceeds 2032 mm, which exceeds the annual evaporation. There is no obvious seasonal change here. The temperature is generally around 30℃ during the day and around 20℃ at night.