How did the "Sino-Indian confrontation" begin?

Indian border guards obstruct the normal activities of Indian border guards in Donglang area on the Sino-Indian border.

First, the background of Sino-Indian confrontation:

Donglang area is located in Yadong County, Xizang Autonomous Region City, China, bordering Sikkim in the west and Bhutan in the south. 1890, China and Britain signed the Sino-British Tibet-India Treaty, which demarcated the border between China, Tibet and Sikkim. According to the treaty, Donglang area is located on the China side of the border line, which is the undisputed territory of China. For a long time, Chinese border guards and herders have been patrolling and grazing in this area. The border between Donglang area and Sikkim is a part of the Sikkim section of the Sino-Indian border. After the founding of New China and India's independence, the two governments inherited the 1890 Treaty, and accordingly delineated the Sikkim section of the Sino-Indian border, which was reflected in the letter from Indian Prime Minister Nehru to Indian Prime Minister Zhou Enlai, the note from the Indian Embassy in China to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, and the document submitted by the Special Representative for the Sino-Indian Border Issue when meeting with India. For a long time, China and India have exercised jurisdiction according to the boundary line determined by the 1890 Treaty, and have no objection to the specific direction of the boundary line. Once a border is determined by a treaty, it is specially protected by international law and shall not be violated. Resolution 33 14, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in June 1974+14, stipulates that the armed forces of a country shall not invade or attack the territory of another country for any reason, whether it is political, economic, military or other. The Indian reason for blocking China's road construction in Donglang this time is that in 20 12, the three countries signed the Understanding Document on the Handling of Border Issues among the Three Countries, which requires that the trilateral border affairs be resolved through consultation. China believes that India has abused the concepts of border points and border areas in the document and insisted on the right to carry out necessary infrastructure construction in Donglang area. It is reported that the document, as a phased achievement, will not be published until the border issue is resolved. The Indian side accused China of not only unilaterally changing the status quo at the junction of the three countries, but also posing a strategic threat to the Siliguri Corridor connecting the mainland and seven northeastern States. The Chinese side also refuted this. The embarrassment of Dong Lang's confrontation crisis lies in that Bhutan, whose economy, security and diplomacy are severely constrained by India, has also publicly expressed its dissatisfaction with highway construction, thus giving India some excuses to intervene.

Second, the process of Sino-Indian confrontation:

20 17-06- 16: China starts construction in Donglang area. In advance, out of goodwill, China informed India twice in advance through the border defense meeting mechanism on May 18 and June 8, respectively, and India did not receive any feedback.

20 17-6- 18: More than 270 Indian border guards, armed with two bulldozers, crossed the border line of Sikkim section at Dokala Pass 100 meters and entered China to obstruct China's road construction activities, causing tension. Chinese border guards have taken emergency measures at the scene. Since then, the number of Indian border guards crossing the border has reached more than 400. Together with two bulldozers and three tents, the depth of crossing the border has reached 180 meters. By the end of July 20 17, more than 40 Indian border guards and 1 bulldozer were still illegally stranded in China.

20 17-06- 19: China urgently lodged solemn representations with India through diplomatic channels, strongly protesting and condemning India's illegal cross-border behavior, and demanding that India immediately withdraw the Indian border guards who are about to cross the border to the Indian side of the border.

20 17-06-26: The website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a message, revealing that Indian border guards crossed the border in Sikkim section of the Sino-Indian border and entered Chinese territory, obstructing the normal activities of Chinese border guards in Donglang area. China has also taken corresponding measures. Geng Shuang, a spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, also said that due to security concerns, China had to suspend the arrangement for Indian official pilgrims to make pilgrimages through the Nathula Pass in the Sikkim section of the Sino-Indian border. On the same day, India announced an anti-dumping investigation on polyester high-strength yarn from China.

20 17-06-27: Due to the cross-border stalemate between Indian troops and Chinese border guards, for security reasons, China suspended the arrangement for Indian official pilgrims to enter the country for pilgrimage through the Nathula Pass in Sikkim section of the Sino-Indian border.

20 17-06-29: The Ministry of National Defense held a regular press conference, expressing the hope that individuals in the Indian army can learn from history and stop making such dangerous remarks calling for war. The Ministry of National Defense also admitted that the PLA's new tanks were tested in Tibet.

20 17-07-03: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs once again expressed its position on the issue of Indian troops crossing the border, demanding that India immediately withdraw the border guards who are about to cross the border to the Indian side of the border. In response to the Indian Defense Minister's remark that "India in 20 17 was completely different from India in 1962", the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that China in 20 17 was also different from China in 1962.

20 17-07-04: The People's Liberation Army announced that a brigade of the Tibet Military Region will soon go to a strange area at an altitude of 5 100 meters. The brigade is equipped with heavy equipment such as main battle tanks and self-propelled anti-aircraft guns.

20 17-07-05: Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Geng Shuang said at a press conference that China once again reiterated that India should immediately withdraw all its border troops to the Indian side of the border line, which is the premise and basis for solving the current incident and avoiding more serious incidents and consequences.

20 17-07-07: Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Geng Shuang responded to India's so-called "junction" at a regular press conference: the so-called junction of the three countries, as its name implies, is a point, not a line or a region. The Indian side ignored the provisions of the border treaty and described the whole Donglang area as the border of the three countries. Obviously, it has ulterior motives and confuses people.

20 17-07-08: the embassy of China in India reminds Indian citizens who are in India or coming to India to pay close attention to the local security situation and raise their awareness of self-protection. In case of emergency, call the police in time and contact the Embassy of China in India. After being exposed by the media, senior officials of Indian political parties communicated with the ambassador to China on the border issue, and they "denied first and then admitted".

20 17-07-09: At a sensitive moment, India received the Commander-in-Chief of Myanmar Defence Force, Minanglai, with high standards. In 20 15, the relationship between India and Myanmar was once tense because of the border issue. However, with the continuous expansion of China's cooperation footprint in Myanmar, India decided to mend fences and make peace with Myanmar.

20 17-07- 10: An Indian journalist said that it is reported that India is ready for a long-term confrontation in Donglang, but at the same time it is seeking a diplomatic solution. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded that it did not know whether the report was true. If it is true, it can only prove that India's illegal cross-border behavior is organized and premeditated, and it is a deliberate destruction of the status quo of the Sikkim section of the Sino-Indian border. The United States, Japan and India began to hold large-scale joint military exercises in the Indian Ocean. American military officers claimed that the exercises were aimed at balancing China's activities in the Indian Ocean. On the same day, the Bombay Headmasters Association called for a boycott of China stationery.

2017-07-11:This move is considered as an attempt to cool down the tension between the two countries. Su Jiesheng, former Indian ambassador to China, said that India-China relations are too closely intertwined to allow border disputes to cause permanent harm.

20 17-07- 12: A reporter quoted Indian sources as saying that the border between China and India is long and no demarcation agreement has been reached, so differences may arise from time to time between the two countries. In response, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Geng Shuang said that China and India have already demarcated the border, and the "Sikkim section border" where this cross-border incident occurred is the only one demarcated at present. Geng Shuang pointed out that India's illegal cross-border entry into Indian territory is essentially different from the previous friction between the two sides in the undefined area. The Indian Foreign Secretary said on the same day that India will continue to deepen its strategic relations with Vietnam and Japan.

20 17-07- 13: Xinhua News Agency issued a document warning India to cross the border and advised India not to go its own way and fall into greater passivity. According to the article, China is willing to solve the problem peacefully through diplomatic means, but only if India withdraws its personnel crossing the border unconditionally. Nepal revealed that it will be able to access Internet services provided by China from August, and India's online monopoly in this region has been terminated. The Indian Army is authorized to urgently purchase a large number of ammunition to cope with short-term high-intensity wars.

2017-07-18: On June 7th, some foreign media lied that "at least 158 Indian soldiers were killed in the rocket attack of the People's Liberation Army on the China-India border on Monday". On June 8th, People's Daily refuted this rumor, saying that the related statement was groundless. Indian Foreign Ministry spokesman Begray also resolutely refuted the "conflict report". At the regular meeting of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, China once again strongly urged India not to use sending military personnel across established borders as a policy tool to achieve a certain goal, but to withdraw its troops as soon as possible and not to go further and further on the wrong road.

20 17-07- 19: When answering a reporter's question about how the United States will "choose a side station" when the situation on the Sino-Indian border is getting more and more tense, Heather Nolte, a spokeswoman for the State Council, said, "I understand that the United States is' concerned' about the situation that continues to be tense." According to Indian media reports, an unnamed US official said, "In order to ease the situation, we encourage direct dialogue between India and China."

20 17-07-24: in an interview with reporters about the confrontation between China and India, Foreign Minister Wang Yi said that the right and wrong of this issue is very clear, and even senior Indian officials have publicly stated that Indian soldiers have not entered Indian territory. In other words, India admitted to entering China. It is also very simple to solve this problem, that is, to quit honestly. A spokesman for the Ministry of National Defense reminded the Indian side "not to take chances, not to hold unrealistic illusions" and "it is easy to shake the mountains, but difficult to shake the People's Liberation Army".

20 17-08-02: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China issued the document "The fact that Indian border guards crossed the border into Indian territory in Sikkim section of the Sino-Indian border and China's position". The purpose is to further explain to the international community the truth of the Indian army's cross-border incident and comprehensively expound the position of the China government. The document also mentioned that by the end of July, more than 40 Indian troops were still illegally stranded in China.

2017-08-3: on the morning of the 4th, six ministries and agencies of China, including Xinhua News Agency, People's Liberation Army Daily, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of National Defense, Indian Embassy in India and People's Daily, voiced their voices on the Indian cross-border incident one after another, exposing the nature of Indian illegal cross-border and stressing that China will take all necessary measures to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests.

At about 20 17-08-28: 14: 30, the Indian side withdrew all the personnel and equipment crossing the border to the Indian side, which was confirmed by the Chinese field personnel.

20 17-08-29: Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said that all Indian personnel and equipment crossing the border had been withdrawn to the Indian side of the border, and Chinese border guards continued to patrol and station in Donglang area. In order to meet the needs of border defense and improve the production and living conditions of local soldiers and civilians, China has been carrying out infrastructure construction including roads in Donglang area for a long time. "We will comprehensively consider factors such as weather and formulate relevant construction plans according to actual conditions."