The evaluation of Nalan Xingde ~

Nalan Xingde was born in Beijing on December 12th in the 11th year of Shunzhi (A.D.1655,65438+1October, 19). His father was the Pearl of the Prime Minister when Emperor Kangxi was in power, and his mother felt that Roche was the fifth daughter of Prince Archie of England, and Mrs. Yipin was ordered to be executed. His family, Nalan's, belonged to Huang Zhengqi, and was one of the eight surnames of Manchu in the early Qing Dynasty, and was later called Yehenala's. Nalan Xingde's great-grandfather was named Jin Taishi, whose real name was Ye Baylor, and his younger sister Meng Gu. In the 16th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Nalan Xingde married Nurhachi and gave birth to Prince Huang Taiji. Since then, the Nalan family has a very close relationship with the royal family. Therefore, it can be said that Nalan Xingde was arranged by fate into the family of emperors and nobles when he was born, and his life was doomed to be colorful. However, perhaps it is nature's trick, and Nalanxingde is just "although it is full of prosperity, it is not too restrained." Nothing is difficult in the world, only care about wealth, wealth and poverty. Being in the halls and mansions, I often think of mountains, rivers, fish and birds. " ①

Nalanxingde was originally named Chengde, and later it was a taboo prince and changed to Chengde. His name is Rong Ruo and he was born in Lengga Mountain. He is young and promising. He is skilled in poetry and prose, good at riding and shooting, and versatile in civil and military affairs. In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), at the age of 22, he participated in palace examination, won the seventh place in the second prize and won a scholarship. However, he didn't become the Jishi Shu of imperial academy, but was appreciated by the emperor and stayed with him. He was awarded the rank of third-class bodyguard, followed by first-class military attache. In other people's eyes, this kind of "imperial grace" is a good opportunity to climb high and look far, but Nalan Xingde's literati temperament and yearning for China culture are quite different from this kind of martial arts, and he is impressed by his weak family background.

In terms of making friends, the most prominent feature of Nalan Xingde is that all his friends are "those who are handsome for a while and those who are difficult to get along with the world" (2). These unpopular people are mostly Han literati in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Gu Zhenguan, Yan, Zhu Yizun, Jiang, etc. Nalan Xingde is very sincere to his friends, not only generously helping the poor, but also respecting their character and talents, just like the 3,000 diners in Ping Yuanjun. At that time, celebrities gathered together and talented people came forth in large numbers, which made his residence Lvshuige famous as an elegant collection of literati and poets, and objectively promoted the cultural prosperity of Kanggan (now the former residence of Soong Ching Ling, Bourne Pavilion). The reason is that Nalan Xingde can learn the knowledge of China culture that he admired from Han intellectuals to a certain extent. More importantly, he has his own lofty ideals and noble personality, which obviously makes his actions deviate from the mainstream of society, thus becoming a research hotspot for future generations.

In the aspect of marriage and love, Nalan Xingde is affectionate but not promiscuous, and hurt but not heartless, so love has become a great source of his poetry creation. 1674, when Nalan Xingde was twenty years old, he married the daughter of Lu Xingzu, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. It was the eighteenth year of Lu's life, and he was "born in Yongfu, with a dignified sex". (3) After marriage, the two couples love each other and have deep feelings. But only three years later, Lu died of a postpartum cold, which brought great pain to Nalan Xingde. Since then, "there are many lamentations, and the hatred of bosom friends is especially deep." (4) Although he later married Guan and was accompanied by Yan Fu, the shadow of his dead wife could not disappear from his life, and some scholars even thought that the style of Nalan Ci changed as a result. It is worth mentioning that when Nalan Xingde was 30 years old, she accepted Shen Wan, a talented woman in the south of the Yangtze River, with the help of her good friend Gu Zhenguan. Shen Wan, whose real name is Yu Chan, is a native of Wucheng, Zhejiang Province, and is the author of Choosing Dream Ci. Concentrate on mourning the work "Abundant God Does Not Reduce Husband". ⑤ It's a pity that after she spent a year with Nalan Xingde, Nalan Xingde died, and this short-lived love ended in tragedy. As a generation of romantic talents, Nalan Xingde's love life is talked about by later generations, and there are also various rumors that catch the wind. The most rumored is that his cousin entered the palace, but there is no way to verify it.

Nalan Xingde died on May 30th in the 24th year of Kangxi (A.D. 1 July 6851) at the age of 3 1. Seven days before his death, he gave a banquet in the Dew Pavilion (now in front of the south building of Soong Ching Ling's former residence) to "gather celebrities from the north and the south and chant the double trees in the atrium". But he didn't expect that this night's flower picking would become his swan song.

Second, the creation of Nalan Xingde

Although Nalan Xingde only had a short life of 3 1 year, he was one of the famous poets in Qing Dynasty. At that time, when Ci was flourishing, he was known as the "three outstanding poets in Qing Dynasty" together with Chen Weisong, the representative of Yangxian School, and Zhu Yizun, the head of Zhexi School. But in contrast, Nalan Xingde is a Manchu dignitary who has just entered the customs. It is amazing that he can master and use Chinese culture so profoundly.

There are 348 poems (342 stories) about Nalan Xingde, which involve love and friendship, frontier fortress in the south of the Yangtze River, chanting things and history, and miscellaneous feelings. Although he has rich experience as a writer, the number of his poems is small, and his vision is not wide, but his poems are charming because of emotion, and Nalan Xingde is a very real person, so his poems are excellent at that time and later generations, and are highly respected. Wang Guowei, a famous scholar in modern times, spoke highly of him: "Nalan Rong Ruo looks at things with the eyes of nature and expresses his feelings with the tongue of nature. It's been like this since I first entered the Central Plains and didn't get infected with Han culture. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there has been only one person. " All landowners Kuang Zhouyi also praised him as "the first poet of the founding of the People's Republic of China" in HSBC Thorn. ⑧ Nalan Xingde's ci has been accepted as a side hat and drinking water, and later generations often call it Nalan Ci. Looking at Nalan Xingde's ci style, it is fresh and beautiful, sad and stubborn, quite close to the late Tang Dynasty. And he himself appreciates Li Yu very much. He once said: "the words between flowers, such as ancient jade, are expensive and not applicable;" Song Ci is applicable and of low value, and Li Houzhu has its beauty at the same time, which is even more confusing. " ⑨

We try to read several masterpieces of Nalan Xingde, and we will have a deeper understanding:

Jinlv district

Reflections on the anniversary of a dead woman

When was this hatred? Lost step, cold rain rest, buried flowers. I had a long dream for three years. I think I woke up. Material also has feelings, and the world is tasteless. Not as cold and lonely as the dust on the night platform. The card issuer made a promise, but then abandoned it. If there are Pisces in Chongquan. It is good to know him, who he has been suffering from, and who he is relying on. I turned around from midnight, and I endured listening to Xiang Xian's excuse. When it's over, he'll know himself. I'm afraid it's unlucky for both of them, and they're going to live in the wind and sleep outdoors again. Clear tears, confetti.

Huatangchun

Two people in a generation fight for two ecstasy all their lives. Acacia does not face each other, who is spring? Begging from the blue bridge is easy, but rushing into the blue shipwreck. If you allow me to visit Oxford, I will forget my poverty relatively.

Endless desire

Mountain is a journey, and water is a journey. Walking towards Guan Yu, there are thousands of lights at night. The wind has changed, so has the snow. I never dreamed of breaking my hometown, so there is no such sound in my hometown.

In addition to his many poems, Nalan Xingde's poems are also excellent. There are twenty volumes of Tongji (including one volume of Fu, four volumes of Poems, three volumes of Preface, two volumes of Wen and four volumes of Miscellaneous Knowledge of Lushuiting) and twenty volumes of Zhenglue. Set "Yi Ji Yan" 80 volumes, "Chen Liji" 38 volumes; Edited and selected books such as Early Collection of Modern Style Words, Notes of Famous Jueju Poems, Selected Works of All Tang Poems, etc. It is conceivable that most of these were done by his retinue behind the pommel horse, and the brushwork was amazing. Outside the field of literature, Nalan is good at riding and shooting, likes painting and calligraphy, appreciates criticism and understands Buddhism, covering a wide range.

Textual research on the legacy of Sannalanxingde

Nalan Xingde has a wide range of activities in Beijing. In addition to the Forbidden City, imperial academy, Mingzhu Building (now the former residence of Soong Ching Ling and the former Ministry of Health) and Shangzhuang Mingzhu Garden (the water town of Cuihu in Shangzhuang, Haidian District, Beijing), we can also know from Nalan's ci that Huanghuacheng, Gubeikou, Zhubaodong, Jietai Temple and Juyongguan all have Nalan's footprints. But now, it is difficult to find historical relics about Nalanxingde in many places, but there is one exception: Shangzhuang.

Shangzhuang, a remote village in Haidian District, has simple folk customs and beautiful scenery, and is known as the small south of the Yangtze River in the north. Up to now, a large number of Nalan family cultural relics have been unearthed and preserved here, which provides a scientific and rigorous historical basis for Nalan's research.

Nalan's villa, Pearl Garden, was built in Shangzhuang, near the present Cuihu water town. Mountains and water in the distance are ideal places to build gardens. Unfortunately, the glory of 300 years ago has been washed away by wind and frost. Now the scenery here is similar to any village in the suburbs of Beijing. In the village, there are still relics of old gardens, such as well monuments, pools, gables and white marble. They are not protected and still suffer from the sun and rain. ...

Nalan's ancestors were buried in Zaojiatun (Zaoshitun) in Shangzhuang Township, where not only Nalan Xingde was buried, but also Mingzhu and Nalan Xingde's two younger brothers, Xu Qi, Qi Fang and his wife and children were buried. The cemetery is huge and was once one of the famous mausoleums in the western suburbs of Beijing.

Due to the decline of the family in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, grave robbery was carried out in the Republic of China, and the "four old" was broken in the Cultural Revolution. At present, it is the Zhuang Health Center Station on Road 303, and its old appearance has disappeared. Thanks to the rescue and protection of many people of insight, some unearthed cultural relics have been preserved to this day. Among them, the epitaph of Nalan Xingde (existing in Beijing Stone Carving Art Museum) is precious, but the handwriting is seriously worn and damaged, so it is difficult to identify the epitaph. The cover of the epitaph is well preserved. The book Epitaph of Nalanxingde Cited by the First-class Guards of Emperor Qingtong is now in the historical relics exhibition hall of Nalanxingde in Shangzhuang, Beijing. In addition, the epitaph of Lu, the wife of Nalan Xingde, and a box of epitaphs of Mingzhu couple, Shouxu couple, Fangfang couple and Zi Yongshou couple were unearthed. The remains in the tomb-"1975 Summer ... The descendants of Bei 'an Heye drove carts and pulled coffins, and scattered the bones of the tomb owner in the north and south of Zaojiatun, wrapped them in red cloth to show filial piety." Attending later, the great poet's burial place, no one knows.

There are also Long Mu Palace, Grand Stage and Dongyue Temple in Shangzhuang area. At present, these sites have been listed as cultural relics protection units in Haidian District.

In addition, in addition to the ruins in Beijing, there is another thing that is particularly important: the original work of Nalan Xingde.

Nalanxingde's original handwriting is regarded as a "national treasure" by domestic Nalanxingde research circles, and is now in Shanghai Library. There are thirty-six notes, of which twenty-eight are written, one is written by Gu Zhenguan, one is written by Yan, one is written by Yan Guangmin, and the other is written by Jue Ming. It can be said that this is the only confirmed calligraphy ink of Nalanxingde found so far, which is of great value. Later, the original copy of Shanghai Library was photocopied, and only 500 copies were printed, which was rarely circulated in the market.

From the notes, we can see Nalan Xingde's frankness to his friends, his feelings and rejection of the darkness of officialdom, and his boredom with the life of the pommel horse. Looking at his beautiful handwriting, it seems that this talented and noble young childe is standing in front of us. ...

After thousands of words, we may have one or two feelings. In today's research field of "Lan Xue" and Nalan Xingde, many experts and scholars are diligently pursuing and painstakingly studying. Chengde established Nalan Xingde Research Institute to conduct special research very early, and the research in Beijing is also booming. Among ordinary people, according to incomplete statistics, there are as many as five or six thousand "Nalan fans" in Beijing, and there are countless people all over the country ... It can be seen that in people's minds, Nalan Xingde has great attraction, and people will study and understand him more and more deeply.

Nalan Xingde, immortal poet!

The wonderful work of this word will attract worldwide attention!