Du fu's life and political ambition.

Du Fu (7 12~770), with beautiful words, was named Shaoling Yelao, Ling Du Yelao and Ling Du Buyi, and was also called Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu. Han nationality, originally from Xiangyang, Hubei (now Xiangfan, Hubei), was born in Gongxian, Henan, China (now gongyi city). Died in Leiyang City. Today, Leiyang has Du Fu's Tomb, Du Gongbu Temple, Ling Du Bridge, Ling Du Academy and other sites, which are key cultural relics protection units in Hunan Province. Du Fu Park was established on the basis of Du Fu's site. There are more than 60 poems in Du Fu Tomb and Du Gong Temple.

Du Fu had a rough life. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and a world cultural celebrity. He and Li Bai are also called "Du Li". Du Fu was the foreign minister of Zuo Shiyi and the proofreading department, so he was later called Du Gongbu. Good at ancient style and rhythmic poetry, with diverse styles. He accurately summed up the style of his works with the word "depressed and frustrated", but mainly depressed. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems are known as "the history of poetry", and later generations respectfully call him "the sage of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down through the ages, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems were the most widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty, and he was one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations.

Du Fu's distant ancestor was Du Yu, a famous soldier in Jin Dynasty. The position that great-grandfather Du once held. Grandfather is Du, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. He is a member of the board of directors and has his own autobiography. In his youth, he traveled to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei and Shandong, met Li Bai twice and forged a profound friendship. Father Du Xian holds the position of Fengtianling.

Du Fu and Du Mu are distant relatives, both descendants of Du Yu, the general who destroyed Sun Wu in Jin Dynasty (Du Fu was Du Yu's twentieth grandson).

Du Fu's life:

Du Fu, the grandson of the famous poet Du Fu, was born in a family with literary tradition. He studied poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. Du Fu's experience and poetry creation can be divided into four periods:

First, the roaming period of reading (before the age of 35)

The so-called "dissolute Zhao Qi, Qiu Ma is quite sober and crazy".

In the 19th year of Kaiyuan (at the age of twenty), he began to roam wuyue and returned to Luoyang five years later. Roaming Zhao Qi again. After meeting Li Bai in Luoyang, they formed a profound friendship, then met Gao Shi and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to Jizhou again, met at the east foot after breaking up, and separated again, so there was no chance to meet again.

Second, trapped in Chang' an period (35 to 44 years old)

During this period, Du Fu took the exam in Chang 'an for the first time and came last. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "grabbing the rich door in the morning, catching the fat horse dust at dusk, throwing a cup and baking it cold, hiding sadness everywhere". Finally, I got a small official who led Cao Youwei to join the army (mainly guarding the soldiers' weapons and the keys to the treasury). During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.

Du fu's works

Sorrow, Past Travel, Buju, Tang Cheng, Scholar, Farmer, Guest, Madman, Shed, Jiangcun, Wild Old Man, Jixing, Neighboring South, Hate Farewell, Guest, Jiangting, Pity, Solitude and Solitude are two poems in the whole city, thatched cottage, two quatrains, four quatrains, and the play is a song of flowers, a hope for yue, and a reward for senior officials.

Representative famous sentences

1, if you don't starve to death, the Confucian crown is often mistaken. Give Wei Zuocheng Twenty-two Rhymes

2, reading thousands of books, writing like a god. Give Wei Zuocheng Twenty-two Rhymes

3, to the monarch Yao Shun, and then make the customs chun. Give Wei Zuocheng Twenty-two Rhymes

4, fresh in Kaifu, Junyibao joined the army. Li Bai's Memories in Spring

On the border, people's blood flows like the sea, but Emperor Wu's heart is still beating for the war. Military vehicle shop

Who can get married and live in a neighbor's house, while we bury our children underground! Military vehicle shop

7, Zhumen wine stinks, and the road has frozen bones. "From Beijing to Fengxian, chanting 500 words"

8. Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness. What spring looks like.

After three months of war, a piece of news from hometown is worth a ton of gold. What spring looks like.

10, it is a good scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and you will meet your husband when the flowers fall. Meet Li Guinian at the lower reaches of the river.

1 1, I've heard of Dongting Lake, and now I've finally climbed to this tower. The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water. Climbing Yueyang Tower

12, Juanjuan plays a butterfly on an idle curtain, and pieces of light seagulls pass under it. Rowing after the Cold Food Festival

Leaves fall like a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward. Climb the balcony

14, Stark sounded the fifth watch, challenged the drum and the horn, and the stars and Tianhe pulsated over the three mountains. Night at the pavilion

15, she walked out of the Purple Palace into the desert, and now she has become a green grave in the yellow dusk. Five poems about historical sites

16, her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? , huan pei empty to moonlit soul. Five poems about historical sites

17, Cong Ju is crying another day, and the lonely boat is the heart of hometown. Eight Poems of Qiu Xing

18, the stars leaned down from the open space, and the moon came running towards the river. One night abroad.

19, be loyal to your art, you don't know your age, let wealth and reputation drift like a cloud. Dan Qing presented it to General Cao Ba.

20, two orioles singing green willows, a line of egrets on the sky. Four quatrains (the third)

2 1, it's getting late, the spring breeze is beautiful, the flowers are fragrant. Two quatrains (Part I)

22, Song Xin hate thousands of feet, evil bamboo should be cut. On the way to Chengdu Caotang, I will first send five poems to Gong Zheng (the fourth poem).

23. On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine. The banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army.

24. The name of the second grass is destroyed, and the rivers are abandoned forever. The script is six quatrains.

25. The lingering butterfly dances from time to time, and the charming Yingying is just crying. Seven quatrains on finding flowers in one step by the river (6)

26. There are thousands of buildings in Ande, which greatly protect the poor people in the world and make them face the spring breeze. Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone! The autumn wind broke the hut.

27, drizzle fish out, breeze swallows oblique. "Two Poems with Warm Hearts on the Waterfront (Part One)"

28, sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently. Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night.

29. Come to Liang by yourself and have a blind date with the seagulls in the water. Jiangcun village

Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky ... Wang Yue.

Appreciation of masterpieces:

Drink the songs of the Eight Immortals

original text

Zhang Zhi rode a horse like a boat, dazzled, and fell asleep at the bottom of the well.

Ruyang's three fights began in the sky, and the road was salivating at the corner of the car. I wish I could not seal it to Jiuquan.

Drinking thousands of dollars, a cup of music is called avoiding sages.

Zong Zhi, a handsome boy, looked up at the sky with white eyes, as bright as Yushu before the wind.

Before Su Jin Dynasty embroidered Buddha in Changzhai, he often liked to escape Zen when he was drunk.

Li Bai wrote a hundred poems in a bucket and went to sleep in a restaurant in Chang 'an.

The son of heaven didn't get on the boat, calling himself Brewmaster.

Zhang Xu handed down three cups of grass, and before he took off his hat and showed his head to the maharaja, he threw the paper like a cloud.

Jiao Sui's five buckets of rice are outstanding and have amazing eloquence.

Appreciating the Tang Dynasty can be described as a generation of talents. In Du Fu's Song of Drinking Eight Immortals, Du Fu sang eight of the most outstanding elites in the Tang Dynasty. It can be said that talents from all over the world gather here, which is a unique work in Du Fu's poems.

Wang yue

Notes on the title or background of a book.

There are three poems in Du Fu's Wang Yue, which are about Dongyue (Mount Tai), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about seeing Mount Tai in the East. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began a wandering life of "chasing horses". This poem was written in Qi and Zhao (now Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places) and is the earliest existing poem of Du Fu. Between the lines, Du Fu's youthful vigor is permeated.

original text

What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.

The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.

Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. ..

Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.

Song of chariots

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See Du Gongbu Collection written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in the tenth year of Tianbao (75 1). That year, the Tang Dynasty marched eastward and recruited troops, which led to a restless life for the people. Du Fu felt this and wrote "Car Shop" to express his anger.

original text

Vehicles roared, soldiers sang, and soldiers and arrows were tied to their waists.

My parents, my parents, my wife and children all ran to see them. When they marched, the dust covered the sky and they couldn't see xian yangqiao.

On the way, holding soldiers' clothes, eating and crying, the sky rushed into the sky.

Passers-by asked the soldiers how they got there, saying only that the roster was frequently recruited.

Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, even if they go to the western border to open up wasteland at the age of forty.

Long in the middle, the hair is tied up with a headscarf, and when I come back, I am bald and guarding the border.

Countless border guards shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and the concept of border defense in Huang Wu has not stopped.

Haven't you heard that there are hundreds of villages covered with vegetation in 200 states east of Huashan Mountain?

Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field.

Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight.

Although the elders have doubts, how dare those who serve complain?

Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting.

The county magistrate urgently urges people to pay taxes. Where does the tax come from?

If you really know that boys are a bad thing, you might as well have a girl.

Girls can also marry their nearest neighbors, and boys will die in battle.

Don't you see, on the edge of Qinghai, the bones of soldiers killed since ancient times have not been buried.

The new ghost wails there, and the old one is loudest in the stormy dark sky.

spring scenery

Notes on the title or background of a book.

In July of the first year of Emperor Xiaozong of the Tang Dynasty (756), Du Fu learned that Su Zong was in Lingwu (now Lingwu County, Ningxia), that is, the position of the emperor, so he settled in Qiang Village, Yinzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) and defected alone. On the way, he was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. He had to get away the next spring. During the days when he was forced to stay in Chang 'an, he wrote many poems reflecting the life in the occupied areas, either worrying about the country or thinking about his relatives. Hope in Spring is the masterpiece of this time.

original text

Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.

Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.

The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.

Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.

Li Shihao

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See "Du Gongbu". As one of the three officials, it was written in 759 AD. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and the country was not a country, and the people were in poverty. That year, the author traveled to Xin 'an, Shi Hao and other places, witnessed the official recruitment activities, and felt this. At this time, the author has reached middle age, and there is no ambition in the poem when he was young! The so-called three officials are officials from Xin 'an, Shi Hao and Tongguan. Shi Hao, now southeast of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province.

original text

At dusk, officials arrested people at night. The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch. Why are officials angry? Why do women cry? Listen to his wife's speech: "Three men in Yecheng. One man attached a book, and two men died. Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead! There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson. And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out. Although an old woman is weak, please come back at night. I'm in a hurry to wait in the river, and I have to prepare breakfast. " The night is long and silent, like crying and choking. Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone.

Wedding farewell

Notes on the title or background of a book.

Du Fu's "Three Farewells" in "Farewells to Newlyweds" has carefully shaped the image of a young woman who understands the great righteousness. This poem is in the form of a monologue. The whole poem uses seven words "Jun", all of which are heartfelt words from the bride to the groom. It is touching to read.

original text

Rabbit silk is covered with hemp, so it is not long. It is better to abandon the roadside than to marry a woman and ask for a husband. If you get married, you won't warm your bed. Goodbye in the morning of the wedding, nothing is too busy! Although your trip is not far, keep the border and go to Heyang. Why should I worship my aunt when my body is not clear? When my parents raised me, they made me hide day and night. If you have a daughter, you will get a chicken and a dog. You're going to die today, and you've been forced into your intestines with deep pain. Swear to go with you, the situation is yellow. Don't worry about the wedding, work hard! Women in the army are afraid of being soldiers. A girl from a poor family has been a prostitute for a long time. Lolo quit and washed his red makeup. Looking up at a hundred birds flying, your body will double. There are many personnel mistakes, facing Junyong!

Say goodbye to the old.

content

The empty countryside has never been peaceful in war. I am old, but there is no peace. Children and grandchildren died in battle, how can they be immune! Throw away the crutches and go out to fight. The same person in the same group shed tears for me. Fortunately, my teeth are good and my appetite is not diminished, and my sad body is as thin as firewood and withered. Armored and armored, the man had no choice but to say goodbye to the leader. I am sad to hear my wife sleeping on the road, and I still have thin pants and sheets in winter. Knowing that the last time we met, poor people and poor people didn't pity her. I can't go home yet, but I still listen to her urging me to do my best. The defense of Tumen is strong, and the natural barrier in Xingzhen is difficult to smuggle. The situation is no longer the battle of the city in those days, even at the time of death. Life has ups and downs, don't choose ups and downs! Thinking of the peaceful young people in the past, they can't help sighing for a long time. The army is generally recruiting troops, and the war has permeated Lu' an. The remains of a tree and a blade of grass, a blade of grass and a blade of grass, are all red on the beach. Why is hometown a paradise? Ann dares to linger! Resolutely abandon the hut and go to the front, the sky is really broken!

homeless

content

After the lonely Tianbao, the garden is full of Artemisia ordosica. I live in 100 families, and everything is in a mess. There is no news of the survivors, and the dead are dust and mud. Because of the defeat, the bitch came back to find the old way. After a long walk, I saw an empty lane, and it was thin and miserable. But for Kitsune to tanuki, my hair stands on end. What are the neighbors? One or two widowed women. Love birds and branches, quiet and poor. Fang Chun hoes alone and irrigates at dusk. The county magistrate knew I was here and ordered me to learn drums and shovels. Although he worked in his own state, he took nothing with him. When you get close, you will get lost. There are swings everywhere in my hometown, and the distance is neat. Long-term pain and illness, any ditch flow for five years. I was born weak and sour about life. Life is homeless, why is it steaming!

Shuchengxiang temple

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See "Du Gongbu". Written in the first year of Shangyuan (760). In the late spring of that year, Du Fu moved to Huanhuaxi Caotang, took time to pay his respects at Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, and wrote this book "Book of Appreciation" to express his regret.

original text

Where is the temple of the famous prime minister in a pine forest near the Silk City?

The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.

The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.

But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats!

Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See The Collection of Du Gongbu, written in the spring of the second year of Shang Dynasty (AD 76 1), which was written by Du Fu in Chengdu when he was wandering in the southwest in his later years. In the description of the spring rain, the poet reveals his joy in the spring rain. original text

Good rain knows the season, when spring comes.

Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.

The wild path is dark, and the river is bright.

Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy.

The autumn wind broke the hut.

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See Du Gongbu Collection, written in 76 1 year, when the Anshi Rebellion had not subsided. In the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760), Du Fu, with the support of relatives and friends, built a thatched cottage next to Huanhuaxi outside Xiguo, Chengdu, to settle down his family. In August of the following year, the thatched cottage was destroyed by the autumn wind. Du Fu had mixed feelings and wrote "The thatched cottage was blown by the autumn wind" as a souvenir.

original text

In the autumn of August, the wind roared, and three hairs rolled up my house, flying over the river and spreading in the suburbs. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats and sinks. The children in Nancun bully me, and I can't stand being a thief in the opposite direction and openly carrying Mao into the bamboo forest. My lips were burning out of breath, and I turned to sigh. In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark. This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking. There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain. How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep! There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor people in the world from the spring breeze and the wind and rain! Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone!

Recover the north and south of the Yellow River

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See "Du Gongbu". In the first month of the first year of Zong Guangde (763), Shi Chaoyi (son of Shi Siming) was defeated and hanged himself in the forest. He handed over Tian and Li Huaixian. So far, Henan and Hebei regions have been recovered one after another. Du Fu wrote this poem when he lived in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan). Henan and Hebei refer to Luoyang and northern Hebei.

original text

The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.

Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.

On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.

Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .

Four quatrains (Part I)

Notes on the title or background of a book.

Du Fu's seven-character quatrains are rare, but this one is one of the most popular poems in China. Popular and easy to understand, plain as words, but it also contains the poet's aesthetic ideal, which is highly praised by scholars. It can be said that elegance is based on vulgarity, and elegance is rewarded.

original text

Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky.

My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.

Foreign night

Notes on the title or background of a book.

A Night Abroad was written by Du Fu when he left Chengdu in 765 and took his family to the east by boat, passing through Yuzhou (Chongqing, Sichuan) and Zhongzhou (Zhongxian, Sichuan).

Although he is young, he has the ideal of "being a gentleman first, then being simple". In the end, I accomplished nothing, but I was old and sick, and my relatives and friends were scattered and drifted alone. He is on such a vast river, and he seems to be Europe between heaven and earth. Where will he fly? Lonely, lonely! The author's feelings are deep.

original text

The breeze rippled on the grassy coast, through the night, and blew to my still mast.

The endless plains are dotted with drooping stars. The moon runs with the river.

I hope my art can bring me fame and liberate my sick old age from the office! .

Flying around, what am I like? But sandpipers in the vast world! .

Climb the peak

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See Du Gongbu Collection, written in the autumn of 767 in Dali, Tang Daizong, when he lived in Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Sichuan). In ancient times, there was a custom of climbing mountains on September 9. This poem was written by Du Fu with the feeling of climbing the mountain, expressing his long-term wandering pain, loneliness, old illness and loneliness. This poem is called "the first orthodox poem in ancient and modern times".

original text

The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.

The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.

Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.

After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.

Meet Li Guinian at the lower reaches of the river

Notes on the title or background of a book.

Li Guinian was a famous musician in Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods in Tang Dynasty. Du Fu once heard his songs in Luoyang when he was young. After wandering in Jiangnan in his later years, Du Fu reunited with musicians from other places. At this time, it has been more than ten years since the "prosperous Tang Dynasty" before the "An Shi Rebellion". Both the poet and Li Guinian have entered their old age, and they met in such an environment full of memories and sadness. Therefore, the poet uses very implicit language to express his feelings about the ups and downs of the past.

original text

In the Qi family, I often see your performances; Before urging the wine hall, I praised your art many times.

Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance.

Eight sides fortress

Notes on the title or background of a book.

In memory of the most respected marquis of Wu.

original text

The divided Three Kingdoms are bound by his greatness, and the Eight Faces Castle is built on his fame;

This river won't divert the stones from your disposal, and you will always regret that you will destroy Wu's unwise.

Yelao

The wild old hedge is on the back of the river bank, but Chai Men doesn't open the river.

Fishermen's nets gather under Chengtan, and Jia passenger ships come to accompany the light.

What is the meaning of the cloud on the piano platform after a long journey of worrying about the sad Jiange?

Julian Waghann didn't report to Dong Jun, and Anthony wong drew a corner of the city gate.

The appreciation of this poem was written in the first year of Shangyuan (760), and Du Fu just settled down in the thatched cottage in the western suburbs of Chengdu. After years of wandering, he finally had a place to rest, which made him feel gratified. However, the reality of the country's destruction and the waste of the people impacted his heart and made him unable to be quiet. This poem reveals this subtle and profound emotional fluctuation in his heart.

Zhangshangshang road

On March 3rd, Spring Festival, the weather was fresh, and many beautiful people gathered in Qujiang, Chang 'an.

Good at accepting, indifferent, sweet, sincere, delicate in texture, even flesh and blood.

Embroidered gold and silver silk unicorn in late spring.

Cui hangs his temples and leaves his lips.

The jewelry skirt behind them is safer.

Several of them are relatives of the imperial concubine and two wives of Guo and Qin.

The red hump was bought from Jed's roast chicken shop, and the fragrant fish was ordered on a crystal tray.

They held their horns and chopsticks for a long time, and the chef held a sharp knife.

The eunuch flew away, afraid to raise the dust, and the cook came to the sea, enjoying delicacies.

Xiao Guan mourned ghosts and gods, and guests and courtiers gathered, all of whom were officials.

How arrogant a horse owner is. He dismounted from the embroidered carpet and went into the tent.

White apples covered with snow, bluebirds find their way with scarlet handkerchiefs.

But power can be as hot as a flame and burn people's fingers. Be alert to the Prime Minister and pay attention to his frown.

Appreciate this seven-character ancient poem, written in the spring of 753, the twelfth year of Tianbao. At that time, Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, lived a corrupt life and became more and more fond of Yang Guifei. The Yang brothers and sisters got rich because of nepotism. In the 11th year of Tianbao (752), Yang became the right prime minister after Li, and Yang's three sisters were also named the country's wife. The five Yang families bully the city and lead a parasitic and decadent life. The relationship between Yang and Mrs Wei is even uglier. This poem profoundly exposes and satirizes the arrogance, debauchery, shameless ugliness and crimes of this small group of people. The whole poem tries to spread out in one breath. The language is fresh and harmonious. Every sentence means irony, and the pen runs through the back of the paper. [Reference]: Selected Poems of Du Fu, Zhou Meng and Feng Yu, Heilongjiang People's Publishing House 1980.6.

Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity (Part One)

Yulu withered maple forest, Wushan Wuxia bleak.

Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog.

Cong Ju shed tears the other day. She was alone in the boat.

Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.

Supplementary information:

Du Fu is an old beggar.

It is not uncommon for scholars to be beggars at all times and in all countries.

Du Fu failed to make an appointment during his first few years in Chang 'an. Later, when his father died, he lost a fixed source of income and his life was more difficult. His grandson Du Ji lives in the southern suburbs of Chang 'an. In order to disturb a meal, he often walks around, but his grandson's life is not comfortable. He was unhappy to see his elders coming, but he couldn't say anything. He just showed it by his actions: digging rice well and swinging hard. Cutting vegetables in the garden, let it go. Du Fu was deeply touched by this and wrote "Revealing from Ji Sun", "I don't know who is right or wrong. There are many amazing doors. I'm looking for my grandson. Small people are honest, but thin customs are hard to say. It's a clan, not a dish. Don't be suspected by the outside world. The same surname "Gu Suodun" is a manifestation of the bleak mood after being left out by the "clan". Of course, there are also many friends to help. Once Du Fu got malaria, his face was pale and emaciated, his head was white, and he almost died. After recovering from a serious illness, he went out on crutches and unconsciously came to Wang Yi's door. Seeing Du Fu like this, Wang Yi was very sympathetic. He bought meat and wine and treated him warmly. Du Fu expressed his gratitude in the poem "Drinking a Song after Illness": "But I only want to meet you for a long time when I am old and full. "

In fact, since then, Du Fu has lived a life of begging everywhere intentionally or unintentionally. His poem "Vote for Men in Hua Xian and Hua Xian Counties" "Hungry, that is, ten days, how can my clothes be tied together?" It is a true portrayal of his life in Chang 'an. Yunxian Miscellaneous Notes? "Flying Cicada at Night" quoted "Farewell Collection": "Every time Du Fu has a friend, he leads his wife. Wei retired when he saw it, and asked his wife to send cicadas at night to help him make up for it. " The husband is poor, and the wife naturally looks shabby. Du Fu didn't think so himself, but the guests really couldn't see it, so he asked his wife to send a headdress.

Later, Du Fu was forced to leave Chang 'an and go to Chengdu. At first, the family stayed in an ancient temple near Huanhuaxi, and the family couldn't open the pot. Du Fu himself recorded: "The entrance is still empty, my wife sees me of the same color, and the idiot doesn't know the father-son ceremony, so he is angry and begs and sings." The child is too hungry to stand, so he doesn't care about the father and son's gifts. He made a hullabaloo about to his father and asked him to go to his neighbor's house for a meal. There is no way. Du Fu, who worked as a small official for a few days, could not keep his face, so he had to bite the bullet and leave a face, and sent a letter of help to his fellow villager and Pengzhou secretariat Gao Shi: "A hundred years have passed, and the autumn solstice turns to hunger and cold. When is Pengzhou animal husbandry difficult to save? " Gao Shi sent rice from a hundred miles away to help him, and the neighborhood cooked some side dishes for him, which saved him from cooking without rice. Du Fu has a poem to prove it: "Monks in ancient temples are in prison, but empty tenants live there. The old man offered rice, neighbors and garden vegetables. "

Second, the character is "arrogant". This is not what I said, but what Song Qi, who participated in the compilation of New Tang Book, said. Song Qi believes that Du Fu's personality is inherited from his grandfather Du Shenyan, that is, "arrogance". Biography of Tang Caizi? Du also said that he "relies on lofty talents and is proud of his illness". Du is a scholar, a poet and a guest of Wu Zetian's leader. New Tang book? Du Fu's biography is not ashamed to say: "My writing matches Qu, Song matches the official, and my pen matches Wang Xizhi's North. "Du Fu is not inferior to his grandfather. According to Song Wangshu's "Tang Yulin" Volume II. Du Fu once boasted: "If Zhaoming is born again, thank Liu, Cao and Er. "Grandpa is crazy, and people have to buy it. Du Fu is crazy, but the timing is not right. New Tang book? I wrote in Literature and Art: "I will spend my time in Yanwu in the southeast and Xichuan, and then go to Yi Yan. Wu Zaishuai Jiannan, Table Staff Officer, Proofreading Department Yuan Wailang. Taking the past as the past is good for you and close to your family. When I first saw it, I sometimes didn't wear a towel, but I was arrogant and arrogant. I got drunk, boarded the martial arts bed, glared and said,' Yan Ting has this son!' "This shows that Du Fu is ungrateful to Yanwu. See Yanwu, he didn't wear a headscarf, also don't say hello. Once, he drank too much and got drunk. He actually stood on the throne of Yanwu, staring at his eyes and saying strangely, "Yan Ting has such a son!" Who's Yanwu? He is an open government official, brave and good at fighting, and naturally bears a grudge. New Tang book? "Literature and Art" records: "One day, I want to kill Zizhou's secretariat Fu and Zhang Yi, and gather officials at the door. The generals came out, crowned with hooks and curtains, and the left and right mothers were white. They ran to save and killed Yi alone. " Strangely, if Yanwu hadn't gone out to kill Du Fu, the crown had been hooked three times, and someone took the opportunity to tell his mother to save Du Fu, and Du Fu's ten lives were gone. Zhang Yi is not so lucky. It can be seen that although Yanwu was helpful to himself, Du Fu looked down on him in his bones and sometimes showed it intentionally or unintentionally. Later, although Yanwu didn't kill him, his support naturally diminished. Finally, when Yanwu died, Du Fu couldn't stay any longer.

The third is to regard oneself as lofty, and if it is high, it will not be low. "New Tang Poetry" is a legend of Du Fu: "If you are open-minded and don't behave yourself, talk about world events, be high and not cut." In his official career, Du Fu didn't have no chance, but delayed himself. In 755 AD, 44-year-old Du Fu suddenly received a power of attorney from the imperial court, asking him to go to Hexi as the county magistrate. His main task is to collect taxes and chase thieves. Moreover, Hexi was desolate and remote, and Du Fu felt too bitter to take office. Later, I didn't know who helped him, so I was flexible. The court turned him into a right-back and led Cao Jun to join the army. Although he is also a sesame official, he is close to Chang 'an and easy to communicate. Obviously, he has more opportunities for promotion, so he accepted it and finally embarked on his official career. After he was demoted because of the Wan Fang incident, he simply resigned and left. At that time, many literati could not survive. They can open a library and teach students life through training, which Du Fu failed to do. He just wanted to be an official, but he never got what he wanted.

Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Mei Poetry in the Northern Song Dynasty said: "However, it is not poetry that can help the poor. Those who are almost there will have to work in the future." Qian's Preface to Feng Dingyuan's Poems in Qing Dynasty also said: "Poetry is poor and backward. Poetry must be poor, poverty must work, and it is logical. " In ancient times, people thought that the poorer a scholar was, the better his poems would be. It was because of his beggar life that Du Fu was able to write many poems that cared about the sufferings of the working people and was finally called a poet saint. Objectively speaking, it is really not a bad thing for a scholar to be a beggar.

Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li", and Du Fu is often called "Old Du". Although Du Fu was not known to the world at that time, his works had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature through the research of later generations. About 65,438+0,500 of his poems have been preserved, and his collection is Du Gongbu. His influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching.