Policy-oriented agricultural insurance in Zhejiang province

Bring losses in three aspects

Ni Zhifang, from Shimen Village, Changshan Township, Wucheng District, started beekeeping at the age of 18. She is 50 years old and has been keeping bees for 32 years. When meeting the reporter, Ni Zhifang complained: "Beekeeping is a business that depends on the weather. This year is the worst weather I have encountered in beekeeping for so many years! The peers have lost money, and the only difference is how much they have lost. "

Ni Zhifang keeps 140 boxes of bees, and is a medium-sized professional beekeeper. He said that the losses caused by bad weather to farmers mainly come from three parts.

First, the number of bees has decreased. Bees are very hygienic and never excrete in beehives. But rainy days and low temperatures keep bees from going out. "As soon as I fly out, my wings get wet and I often fall to the ground and freeze to death." Bees that can't go out have to leave excrement in their stomachs, which will make them swell up and die easily. At the same time, low temperature also affects the reproduction of bees. At this time last year, a bee with honey spleen could breed a whole box of bees in 60~80 days, but this year it is estimated that it will take at least 20 days to reach this scale. If the rainy weather continues, the breeding season will be postponed.

Second, the cost has increased. At this time last year, the rape blossoms had already opened. However, this year is cold and rainy, the flowering period of rape flowers is delayed, and bees have nowhere to collect honey. Farmers have to feed bees artificially. The feed is mainly pollen and sugar. Take a box of bees as an example. From the beginning of this year to the beginning of March, Ni Zhifang increased the feed amount of 1.5 ~ 2.5 kg of pollen and 10 kg of sugar per box of bees, which is equivalent to an increase of 130 ~ 140 yuan per box of bees. This alone, 140 boxes of bees will increase the cost by more than 1 10,000 yuan.

Third, the output has decreased. The income of beekeepers mainly comes from honey and royal jelly. Without a flower source, bees collect honey and become passive water; Royal jelly is the food for bees to breed larvae. Due to nutritional problems, adult bees are weak, unable to reproduce normally, and have no royal jelly. At this time last year, Ni Zhifang's bees had begun to produce honey and royal jelly, but this year they didn't harvest a drop of royal jelly, which was another loss of more than 65,438+10 million yuan.

Ni Zhifang said: "This increase and decrease conservatively estimate the loss of more than 20,000 yuan."

The economic loss of Jinhua beekeepers is 6.5438+0.908 million yuan.

In Jinhua Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, beekeepers have been calling for help almost every day for the last 20 days.

Jinhua is a big city of bee production, and the total amount of bee breeding accounts for 1/4 of the whole province. At present, there are more than 5,500 people engaged in bee breeding in the city, with a population of 288,700 and an annual output value of 293 million yuan. At present, the bee colony in counties and cities is only half of that in the same period last year. According to statistics, there are more than 53,000 bees in the city, with an average bee loss rate of 45%. According to the calculation of 800 yuan per box of bees, extreme weather caused direct economic losses to bees in our city this year19.08 million yuan.

"These are just reports from farmers who have joined the Bee Industry Association. The continuous low temperature and rainy weather has caused great losses to the beekeeping industry in our city. " Hua, secretary general of the Municipal Bee Industry Association, said.

Hua introduced that the beekeeping industry is mainly based on rotation feeding and open-air feeding, basically depending on the weather. The weather directly affects the harvest of beekeeping, which is a high-risk industry. Therefore, at the end of 2007, the Municipal Bee Industry Association organized 200 beekeepers in Dongyang, Wuyi, Jin Dong, Wucheng and other places, formulated the targeted Measures for Risk Relief of Beekeeping Industry in Jinhua, and set up a risk relief fund. Half of the risk relief fund comes from the membership fee paid by beekeepers and the other half comes from the provincial bee industry association. "However, this" Measures "stipulates that the scope of application of risk relief funds only includes natural disasters such as sudden floods, fires and car accidents during transportation, excluding long-term low temperature and rainy weather. Because half of the rescue fund comes from the provincial bee industry association, the provincial association does not modify it, and the municipal association cannot modify the scope of application. "

In China's view, the most feasible way to reduce the risk of beekeepers is to implement policy-based agricultural insurance. For example, he said that in recent years, the government has introduced various policies and measures to protect and stabilize the healthy development of animal husbandry, among which fertile sows and cows have successively carried out policy insurance. For example, the insurance for fertile sows is RMB 1 000 per sow, and the insurance premium is 60 yuan. Except for underdeveloped counties and island counties, 60 yuan's insurance premium is borne by provincial finance 20%, local finance 60% and farmers 20%, namely 12 yuan.

If bees are also included in the policy insurance, the insurance premium will be mainly borne by provincial and local finance and beekeepers, and the ability of beekeepers to resist risks will be greatly enhanced. 20 10 the heavy snow, low temperature and rainy weather in the south also brought a lot of losses to beekeepers. The Bee Industry Association once negotiated with relevant insurance companies about bees participating in agricultural insurance, but it ended without results.

Bee farmers hope to include beekeeping in the scope of policy agricultural insurance, but for many poultry farmers, the low standard of policy agricultural insurance payment has become a heart disease for them. In 2009, Wuyi county began to implement policy-based agricultural insurance for poultry industry, and Zhong Feide, a broiler farmer in Wuyi county, was also insured.

But a few years later, Zhong Feide and his colleagues gradually chose to quit insurance. Zhong Feide said that this is because everyone thinks that policy agricultural insurance pays low. According to the relevant regulations, the government subsidizes 55% of the premium for the policy agricultural insurance of poultry in Wuyi, and farmers pay 45% of the premium, that is, each chicken pays 0. 14 yuan. "The expenses paid by myself are not high, but the amount of compensation is not high, and the terms also stipulate that chickens that died within 10 days are not covered by compensation, and more than 250 chickens that died within 15 days must be included in the scope of compensation, and only 100 chickens are compensated ... According to these standards, farmers are not compensated much." By this year, due to the insufficient participation rate, Wuyi cancelled the broiler breeding insurance in the policy agricultural insurance.

What are the difficulties in extending policy-based agricultural insurance to more agricultural industries? The reporter interviewed Du Qinghua, deputy general manager of China PICC Jinhua Branch. It is understood that the policy-based agricultural insurance in our city is underwritten by the insurance entities composed of many insurance companies in our city, among which PICC Jinhua Branch takes 77% share.

Du Qinghua said that in general, governments at all levels attach great importance to agricultural policy insurance, and the subsidies for insurance are increasing year by year, and the varieties covered are also increasing. At present, the company's agricultural policy insurance products include pigs, rice, rape, watermelon, freshwater fish, public welfare forest, poultry and so on. Insurance products such as wheat insurance were newly implemented this year. In our city, it is possible to breed sows by implementing better policy agricultural insurance at present. In 2008, the whole city began to fully open. By the end of last year, a total of 60,075 pigs and 7,292 households were underwritten, with an underwriting rate of over 90%.

As for whether an agricultural industry can be included in the scope of policy agricultural insurance, Du Qinghua said that it is not decided by an insurance company, but is comprehensively considered by the Provincial Policy Agricultural Insurance Coordination Group Office. For example, the scope of protection is an important factor. At present, there are many regional agricultural industries in the province. Whether to carry out policy-based agricultural insurance for an agricultural industry must consider the scale and coverage of the industry. Only when the requirements of insurance coverage are met can financial subsidies be implemented.

In addition, government subsidies for different agricultural products are different. Like rice, the central financial premium subsidy is 35%, the provincial financial premium subsidy is 32%, and the county financial premium subsidy is 26%. According to calculation, governments at all levels have paid 93% of the premium for rice policy agricultural insurance, and farmers only need to pay 7%. In contrast, for poultry breeding such as chickens and ducks, there is no premium subsidy from the central government, and the proportion of farmers' own pockets is relatively high, which will reduce their enthusiasm for participating in insurance. Regarding the problem of low compensation reflected by some broiler farmers, Du Qinghua said that the insurance companies in our city are all implemented in accordance with the policy-based agricultural insurance of Zhejiang Province, and farmers can only get more compensation if there are more government subsidies.

Moreover, planting and farmers are generally scattered, and the cost of claims for agricultural business of insurance companies is also relatively high. In particular, beekeeping flows around the country with the flowering period, and the loss is difficult to determine. However, the standardization of poultry breeding such as chickens, ducks and geese is not as good as that of pig farms, which limits the development of policy-based agricultural insurance.

Du Qinghua believes that in order to give full play to the role of policy-based agricultural insurance, it is necessary to continuously increase financial subsidies for agricultural insurance, mobilize the enthusiasm of growers and farmers through policy guidance and promotion, and put policy-based agricultural insurance on a virtuous circle.

Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.